Nutritive value and digestibility of macronutrients from sheep and alpaca skin hydrolysates as a new alternative in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feeding

Abstract Background The protein source from fish meal is very important in trout feeding, but it is expensive and very scarce. Alternative nutrient sources are required to achieve sustainability as trout production rapidly grows in Peru. The objective of this research was to determine the proximate chemical composition and the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and digestible energy of hydrolyzed sheep (HSS) and alpaca (HSA) skins in juvenile rainbow trout. Methods A total of 450 fishes were randomly distributed in nine digestibility tanks, with 60.0 ± 1.32 g of initial weight and 6.4 kg/m3 of stocking density. The water quality parameters were as follows: pH 8.4, temperature 11.5 °C, and dissolved oxygen 6.2 mg/l. The skin hydrolysates were treated at 130 °C with 15 psi pressure for 120 min. Fish were fed a reference diet and an experimental diet containing 70% reference diet and 30% skin hydrolysate. The ingredients of the diets were mixed and then extruded at 95 °C with 4-mm diameter (Extruder Khal® EE800). The ADC was determined by the indirect method using insoluble ash as a non-digestible marker. Results The ADC in HSS and HSA was similar for dry matter (67.7 vs 69.1%), organic matter (66.9 vs 68.2%), crude protein (70.4 vs 70.1%), and digestible energy (3.35 vs 3.24 Mcal/kg DM), but crude fat values were different (12.3 vs 48.0%; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The hydrolyzed sheep and alpaca skins had a high content of macronutrients with an acceptable apparent digestibility of nutrients, making them a viable alternative to improve the nutritive value of more economical feeds for rainbow trout feed.

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A note on the apparent digestibility and nutritive value of whole cottonseed given to sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100037570 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 285-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Karalazos ◽

D. Dotas ◽

J. Bikos

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Latin Square ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Whole Cottonseed

Four castrated crossbred (Karagouniki♂ × Friesian♀) rams were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to determine the apparent digestibility of four diets based on alfalfa hay and maize grain and containing varying proportions of whole cottonseed (WCS). The proportions of WCS studied were 0, 175, 355 and 530 g/kg diet dry matter (DM) and the respective apparent digestibility coefficients of DM were 0·744, 0·716, 0·689 and 0·625; of organic matter, 0·772, 0·739, 0·718 and 0·643; and of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), 0·409, 0·481, 0·522 and 0·472. The gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility coefficients were 0·745, 0·722, 0·704 and 0·641, for the same order of treatments. The effect of the incorporation of WCS instead of maize grain in the diet in significantly reducing DM, OM and GE digestibility was evident. The lowest digestible energy value of WCS was observed in the treatment with the highest level of WCS.

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Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, protein and energy of native Peruvian feedstuffs in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41240-018-0111-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abimael Ortiz-Chura ◽

Ruth Milagro Pari-Puma ◽

Francisco Halley Rodríguez Huanca ◽

María Esperanza Cerón-Cucchi ◽

Marcelino Jorge Araníbar Araníbar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

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Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11040942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Mariana Almeida ◽

Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽

Ana Nunes ◽

Sara Rito ◽

Jorge Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lupinus Albus ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

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Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.166 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 3444-3451

Author(s):

René Patiño P ◽

Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽

José C. Da Silva Filho ◽

Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽

Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Average Weight ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Absorption Coefficients ◽

Collection Method ◽

Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

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The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 1. Composition of the forages and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v23i1.17196 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

S. Tamminga ◽

C.J. van der Koelen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mixed Diet ◽

Apparent Digestibility

1. Grass from the same sward was ensiled without additive, with 14.6 g formic acid/100 g crude protein or 10.8 g formic acid and 10.6 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein. Similar grass was dried and pelleted. Drying or ensiling with the mixture reduced solubility of N in the preserved grass but formic acid increased it, and ensiling without additive increased it even more. Apparent digestibility of N in the rumen of cows tended to decrease with decrease in solubility. Digestibility in vitro of the mixed diet given to the cows, calculated from digestibility of the separate components, agreed well with the values in vivo for diets with silages, but was high for that with dried grass. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960610792912602 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 252 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

O. NISSINEN ◽

P. KALLIAINEN ◽

L. JAUHIAINEN

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Percentage Unit ◽

Primary Growth ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 19992001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (45-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

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A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002910x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B. G. Lowman ◽

D. W. Knight

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

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Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

F.C.D. Araújo ◽

M.G. Cruz ◽

J.C.C. Balieiro ◽

M.L. Menezes ◽

C.G. Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.

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Dry matter yields and quality parameters of ten Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes at three locations in western Oromia, Ethiopia

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)43-51 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Abuye Tulu ◽

Mekonnen Diribsa ◽

Worku Temesgen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Digestible Organic Matter

Ten Napier grass genotypes (accessions) were assessed across 3 locations, Bako, Boneya Boshe and Gute, for forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, leaf:stem ratio, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics during 2016 and 2017. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Mean DM yield was higher for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations followed by ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800. Leaf:stem ratio, CP concentration and CP and digestible organic matter (OM) yields also varied significantly among genotypes with the highest values obtained for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations, followed by ILRI 16800 and ILRI 16801. Yields of DM, CP and digestible OM and leaf:stem ratio were higher at Boneya Boshe and Gute than at Bako and higher during 2017 than during 2016. The consistently superior performance of ILRI 16804, ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800 in both years across the 3 sites suggests that these genotypes should be studied further on farms and in differing environments before being recommended for general cultivation in this area. Examining performance with more frequent harvests and feeding studies with livestock would confirm the benefits to be obtained from planting these new accessions.

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Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v61i4.10405 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 429-437

Author(s):

J. A. Yazman ◽

J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽

R. E. McDowell ◽

P. J. Van Soest ◽

H. Cestero

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Holstein Bull ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

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