scholarly journals Dry matter yields and quality parameters of ten Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes at three locations in western Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Ten Napier grass genotypes (accessions) were assessed across 3 locations, Bako, Boneya Boshe and Gute, for forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, leaf:stem ratio, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics during 2016 and 2017. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Mean DM yield was higher for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations followed by ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800. Leaf:stem ratio, CP concentration and CP and digestible organic matter (OM) yields also varied significantly among genotypes with the highest values obtained for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations, followed by ILRI 16800 and ILRI 16801. Yields of DM, CP and digestible OM and leaf:stem ratio were higher at Boneya Boshe and Gute than at Bako and higher during 2017 than during 2016. The consistently superior performance of ILRI 16804, ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800 in both years across the 3 sites suggests that these genotypes should be studied further on farms and in differing environments before being recommended for general cultivation in this area. Examining performance with more frequent harvests and feeding studies with livestock would confirm the benefits to be obtained from planting these new accessions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P  > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of stage of harvest on dry matter yield and nutritive value of lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and as fodder in Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
T. F. Mbahi ◽  
S. Maidadi ◽  
Z. A. Gworgwor ◽  
Y. Danladi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biomass Yields

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of growth, biomas yieds and nutritive value of Lablab purpureus, Centrosema pubescens and Mucuna pruriens under rain fed condition in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The field experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design with the plot divided into three main plots and replicated three times measuring 5x5m with inter and intra row spacings of 0.5m. The five harvesting stages are 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. The growth in height increases with stage of growth and declined with reduction in rainfall. Higher growth were recorded in T3 (3.8 -354.8cm) followed by T2 (2.96-260.20cm) and then T1 (1.50-213.00cm) and the results were presented graphically. The result of the chemical composition of all the legumes showed that the crude protein decreases with stage of growth from weeks 6 -14 (14.40, 12.26, 10.65-10.08, 6.79, 6.49) and ADF and NDF (25.20, 32.15, 27.35-42.13, 40.33, 36.50 and 32.20, 54.45, 47.00- 51.24, 63.53, 66.33), respectively. The biomass yields were significantly different (P<0.05) for all the legumes at different harvesting stages T1 (2744.53-3186.93), T2 (2696.47- 3006.70) and T3 (2843.73-3147.63). It is therefore concluded that legumes could best be harvested between weeks 10 and 12 when the yield and quality are at levels to sustain the animals both for maintenance and production.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of cactus pear cladodes under different fertilization and harvesting managements

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Gil Mario Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Marcos Neves Lopes ◽  
Theyson Duarte Maranhão ◽  
Dhones Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of combined phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization and of harvesting frequency on the chemical composition of 'Gigante' cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities, Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Fertilization with nitrogen (urea) and phosphorus (single superphosphate) was done with nine doses, respectively: 10 and 70, 70 and 10, 70 and 70, 70 and 130, 100 and 100, 130 and 70, 130 and 130, 130 and 190, and 190 and 130 kg ha-1 per year, besides 100 kg ha-1 N and P2O5 per year as the control. The harvesting frequencies evaluated were annual and biannual. A randomized complete block design was adopted, in split plot, with four replicates. The effect of fertilization on the contents of total dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and total carbohydrates in the cladodes varies with harvesting frequency and site. Regarding harvesting frequency, there were higher contents of organic matter, total carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fiber, but lower contents of crude protein for the biannual harvesting in both municipalities. Annual harvesting improves the nutritional quality of primary and secondary cladodes in the municipality of Quixadá and of secondary and tertiary cladodes in Tejuçuoca.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultured Yeast Supplementation on Growing Kids Fed With Napier Grass-Concentrate Ration

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mark Abela ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ruminal Fluid

An In vivo experiment was conducted to assess the effects of live yeast supplementation on the performance of six-month-old young goats. Specifically, it investigated the effects of cultured yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation of the dry matter intake, growth performance, fluctuation in ruminal fluid pH and rumen bacterial count, as well as on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration. The addition of cultured yeast at two grams/ 10 mL distilled water generally increased dry matter intake and weight gain of the young goats, but did not significantly affected bacterial count and ruminal fluid pH. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of the napier grass-concentrate ration increased with the addition of cultured yeast. Yeast supplementation of one gram/ 10 mL distilled water enhaced nutrient intake and utilization of the napier grass-concentrate ration.

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

The nutritive value of wheat and oat silages ensiled on three cutting dates

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
D. T. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYThe production of biomass and its partitioning into stem, leaf, ear and dead material were monitored weekly in crops of wheat and oats from 16 May 1990, which corresponded approximately to ear emergence in the wheat, until ensilage on 29 June, 7 July and 19 July 1990 using the Ag-Bag system. An enzyme/inoculant additive was used on both crops on each ensilage date, although a portion of oats was ensiled without additive on the first two cutting dates, giving a total of eight silages. Changes in rumen degradability of dry matter were assessed for both crops throughout the monitoring period using the synthetic fibre bag technique. The digestibilities of gross energy, modified acid detergent fibre, organic matter and crude protein were determined in vivo using sheep.Over the total period of monitoring, the daily rates of increase in dry matter (DM) yield were 15·1 (± 1·6) and 16·5 (±1·9) g DM/m2 for wheat and oats respectively. From 29 June to 19 July the rates of increase were 11·3 (± 3·1) and 23·1 (±6·0) g DM/m2. The increase in weight of the ears accounted for almost all of this increase and, by the end of the monitoring period, the ears contributed approximately half of the dry matter of each crop. In both crops the portion of dead material was small until 19 July, when there was a rapid increase in the amount of dead stem. The DM content of both crops remained < 30% up to day 33 (18 June) but increased from c. 33% to c. 52% between days 53 and 65 (8–20 July). Rumen degradability of both crops decreased rapidly from c. 66% on 16 May until 16 June, when it was c. 56% for wheat and 55% for oats; it remained constant at these values thereafter.For silages made on the three successive ensilage dates, there was an increase in DM and starch contents but decreases in digestible energy, digestible fibre and digestible crude protein contents. Digestible organic matter was similar for the first two ensilage dates but lower in silage made on the third date.The use of an additive with the oat crop resulted in decreases in the digestible energy, digestible organic matter and digestible crude protein contents of the silages compared with untreated oats.Maximum yield of DM from wheat (18·6 t/ha) was obtained with the third cutting date, but optimum yield of energy (170 GJ/ha) and digestible crude protein (746 kg/ha) were found at the second cutting date. For oats, maximum yield of DM (17·3 t/ha) was again found with the third cut and maximum yield of energy (159 GJ/ha, untreated; 140 GJ/ha with additive) with the second cut. Digestible crude protein yield was greatest with the second cut of oats when no additive was used (708 kg/ha) but with additive it was greatest with the first cut (661 kg/ha).It was concluded that, under these conditions, the optimum date for ensilage of wheat or oats was 7 July and that the use of the additive was detrimental to the quality of the oat silage.

scholarly journals Performance of Growing Lambs as Influenced by Liquid Acid Whey Supplementation

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Angie Poliquit ◽  
Serena Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Liquid Acid ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Acid Whey

Twelve male growing lambs were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding liquid acid whey (LAW) on the performance of the animal, its dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, weight gain and ruminal pH. Animals received a diet consisting of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumacher). Treatments were Napier grass plus concentrate, Napier grass plus LAW and Napier grass plus concentrate plus LAW. Individual dry matter intake (DMI), biweekly weight gain (WG) and ruminal pH were measured. Diet digestibility was determined using the total collection method. Results showed that LAW increased (p<0.05) WG and diet digestibility (dry matter, organic matter and crude protein). Liquid acid whey had an average digestibility of 54.41% for dry matter, 83.94% for organic matter and 87.56% for crude protein. Ruminal pH two hours after feeding was stable for animals with LAW alone. However, DMI was similar (p>0.05) among treatments. It can be concluded that including LAW in the diet significantly improved WG, diet digestibility and ruminal pH without affecting DMI.

A note on supplements for dairy cows offered silage of high digestibility

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
W. C. Retter ◽  
J. D. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYGrass silage with a dry-matter content of 20·7%, and containing 18·9% crude protein and 67·0% digestible organic matter in the dry matter was self-fed to 20 lactating dairy cows for 18 weeks. In addition, 9 kg of brewers' grains with a dry-matter content of 28·8% was offered to each cow daily. The two supplement treatments were a barley mix and a groundnut cube containing 11·9 and 33·5% crude protein in the dry matter respectively. The barley was given at the rate of 4 kg/10 kg milk, and the groundnut at 1·5 kg/10 kg milk. The mean daily yields of milk were 18·9 and 19·4 kg/cow on the barley and groundnut treatments respectively and did not differ significantly.

Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. V. Feed intake and the productive performance of the ruminant lamb in relation to the quantity of crude protein digested in the intestines

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Peripheral Blood Plasma

The voluntary feed consumption (VFC), liveweight increase, and wool growth of lambs, initially 9-10 weeks old and weighing 22 kg, were measured over 6 weeks when pelleted diets of differing protein content were offered. The crude protein contents of the diets, on a dry matter basis, were 11.7% (LP diet), 15.8% (MP diet), and 19.1 % (HP diet). The digestion of the HP and LP diets was studied, with use of markers, in similar lambs prepared with stomach fistulae. VFC, expressed as grams dry matter/day/kg body weight0.75, was 82 (SE�3) with the LP diet, 94�3 with the MP diet, and 97�4 with the HP diet. The dietary crude protein intakes were 110, 178, and 220 g/day with the LP, MP, and HP diets respectively and the corresponding quantities of crude protein (6.25 x nitrogen in forms other than ammonia) apparently digested in the intestines (DCP,) were 75, 134, and 179 g/day. The LP and HP diets provided about 12 and 23 g DCP1/lOO g digestible organic matter respectively; the value for the MP diet was estimated to be 18 g DCP1/100 g. The rates of liveweight increase were 153 � 16, 240�9, and 267�12 g/day with the LP, MP, and HP diets respectively. Wool production was the same with the MP and HP diets but lower with the LP diet. The level of intake of DCP1 and the DCP1/digestible organic matter ratio had little effect on the gross chemical composition of the lambs, as estimated indirectly from tritiated water space. The levels of essential amino acids in peripheral blood plasma were generally in the order HP diet > MP diet > LP diet. Digesta flow from the rumen and abomasum, rumen volume, ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration, and pH of ruminal digesta were similar with the LP and HP diets. It was concluded that a level of about 18 g DCP1/100 g digestible organic matter was adequate for the expression of maximum VFC and that concentrations in excess of this would have little enhancing effect on liveweight gain or wool production under conditions of ad libitum feeding.

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