Schistosoma haematobium DNA and eggs in urine of patients from Sohag, Egypt

Abstract Background Diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends mainly on stool or urine microscopy for Schistosoma egg detection as well as immunoassays. The low sensitivity of these conventional tests makes molecular detection the diagnostic method of choice. The study aimed to detect the molecular prevalence of urine schistosomiasis and evaluate microscopic examination vs. PCR technique for detection of Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) in urine of patients with suggestive symptoms or previous history of urine schistosomiasis coming from endemic regions. Results This cross-sectional study was performed on eighty patients attending the urology clinic of Sohag University Teaching Hospital from August 2016 to July 2018. Socio-demographic data and clinical data were collected. Urine samples from all study individuals were collected and examined microscopically for S. haematobium eggs as well as detection of S. haematobium DNA of using PCR assay. Microscopic examination and PCR were positive among (68.8%) and (87.5%) of cases, respectively. There was 60% agreement between microscopy and molecular assay. Microscopy was a good test to rule in cases of urine schistosomiasis, with 100% specificity and 100% PPV, but was of limited sensitivity (NPV = 40%) and missed 12.5% of positive cases. Among studied patient variables, only hematuria showed association with urine schistosomiasis with statistical significance. Conclusion Urine schistosomiasis was highly prevalent in studied population. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of PCR, it should be implemented as the test of choice, especially in chronic urinary schistosomiasis with low infection setting. In our study population, patients presenting hematuria were likely to have S. haematobium.

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Diagnosis of tuberculosis from smear-negative presumptive TB cases using Xpert MTB/Rif assay: a cross-sectional study from Nepal

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4728-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priyatam Khadka ◽

Januka Thapaliya ◽

Ramesh Bahadur Basnet ◽

Gokarna Raj Ghimire ◽

Jyoti Amatya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Previous History ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smear Negative ◽

Negative Sputum

Abstract Background In most developing countries, smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) often gets missed from the diagnosis of consideration, though it accounts 30–65% of total PTB cases, due to deficient or inaccessible molecular diagnostic modalities. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 360 patients with clinical-radiological suspicion of SNPT in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). The patient selection was done as per the algorithm of Nepal’s National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) for Xpert MTB/RIF testing. Participants’ demographic and clinical information were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. The specimens were collected, processed directly for Xpert MTB/RIF test according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The same samples were stained using the Ziehl-Neelsen technique then observed microscopically. Both findings were interpreted; rifampicin-resistant, if obtained, on Xpert testing was confirmed with a Line Probe Assay. Result Of 360 smear-negative sputum samples analyzed, 85(23.61%) found positive while 3(0.8%) of them were rifampicin resistance. The infection was higher in males, i.e. 60(25.3%) compared to female 25(20.3%). The age group, > 45(nearly 33%) with median age 42 ± 21.5, were prone to the infection. During the study period, 4.6% (515/11048) sputum samples were reported as smear-positive in TUTH. Consequently, with Xpert MTB/RIF assay, the additional case 16.5% (n = 85/515) from smear-negative presumptive TB cases were detected. Among the most occurring clinical presentations, cough and chest pain were positively associated with SNPT. While upper lobe infiltrates (36.4%) and pleural effusion (40.4%) were the most peculiar radiological impression noted in PTB patient. 94 multi-drug resistant(MDR) suspected cases were enrolled; of total suspects, 29(30.8%) samples were rifampicin sensitive, 1(1.06%) indeterminate, 3(3.19%) rifampicin-resistant while remaining of them were negative. 2(2.2%) MDR cases were recovered from the patient with a previous history of ATT, of total 89 previously treated cases enrolled However, a single rifampicin-resistant from the new suspects. Conclusion With an application of the assay, the additional cases, missed with smear microscopy, could be sought and exact incidence of the diseases could be revealed.

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Hematologic Abnormalities in Treatment-naïve HIV Patients

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/idrt.s6033 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. IDRT.S6033 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akinsegun Akinbami ◽

Olajumoke Oshinaike ◽

Titilope Adeyemo ◽

Adewunmi Adediran ◽

Owolabi Dosunmu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Count ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Treatment ◽

University Teaching ◽

Full Blood Count ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Naïve ◽

Pre Treatment

Objectives Hematologic abnormalities, indicated by a deranged full blood count, are common manifestations and important prognostic tools for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cytopenia and its relationship to the degree of immunosupression in HIV treatment-naïve patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of treatment-naïve HIV-infected clients who enrolled at the HIV clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) between December 2009 and June 2010. Participants had samples taken for full blood count and CD4 counts, which are free routine pre-requisite and pre-treatment evaluations done for all registered HIV patients at LASUTH. They were asked to fill the structured questionnaires to obtain demographic data, with assistance if necessary. Results A total of 205 cases were reviewed: 24.2% had anemia (PCV < 30%), 26.8% had leucopenia (white blood cell <4,000/L) and 16.1% had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/L) at enrollment. The degree of cytopenia was directly related to the degree of immunosupression. Conclusion About one-fifth of HIV treatment-naïve patients were cytopenic at enrollment and the degree of cytopenia was directly related to the degree of immunosupression. It is necessary to investigate various causes of cytopenia in these patients so as to administer a specific intervention.

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Schizophrenias’ Quality of Life and Emotional Intelligence in Songklanagarind Hospital

Songklanagarind Medical Journal ◽

10.31584/smj.2018.36.1.768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Warut Aunjitsakul ◽

Jarurin Pitanupong

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Best Available Techniques ◽

Two Factors ◽

Relationship Of

Objective: To estimate the level of quality of life (QoL), emotional intelligence (EI) and the association between QoL and EI in schizophreniaMaterial and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department of Songklanagarind Hospital from; May to November, 2016. A total of 96 participants were interviewed. Demographic data and medical history were collected. QoL and EI were assessed using the WHO QOL BREF (Best available techniques REFerence document) Thai version and the Thai EI Screening Test for ages of 18-60. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.Results: Our subjects were predominantly single males. Sixty-seven point seven percent of the participants were poor to moderate QoL while only two factors significantly related to their poor to moderate QoL; difficulties from psychiatric conditions and a lower level of life satisfaction. Fifty-seven point four to eighty-seven point two percent of the participants were generally within normal EI in every subscale. Moreover, there was statistical significance for positive relationships between EI with QoL in schizophrenia.Conclusion: The high prevalence of schizophrenia was a moderate QoL. A positive relationship of individual subscales of EI towards QoL was substantially found.

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Diagnosis of tuberculosis from smear-negative presumptive TB cases using Xpert MTB/Rif assay: a cross-sectional study from Nepal

10.21203/rs.2.13972/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Priyatam Khadka ◽

Januka Thapaliya ◽

Ramesh Bahadur Basnet ◽

Gokarna Raj Ghimire ◽

Jyoti Amatya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Previous History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Teaching ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Line Probe Assay ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smear Negative ◽

Probe Assay

Abstract Background In most developing countries, smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) often gets missed from the diagnosis of consideration, though it accounts 30-65% of total PTB cases, due to deficient or inaccessible molecular diagnostic modalities. Methods The cross-sectional study enrolled 360 patients with clinical-radiological suspicion of SNPT in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). The patient selection was done as per the algorithm of Nepal’s National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) for Xpert MTB/RIF testing. Participants’ demographic and clinical information were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. The specimens were collected, processed directly for Xpert MTB/RIF test according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The same samples were stained using the Ziehl-Neelsen technique then observed microscopically. Both findings were interpreted; rifampicin-resistant, if obtained, on Xpert testing was confirmed with a Line Probe Assay. Result Of 360 smear-negative sputum samples analyzed, 85(23.61%) found positive while 3(0.8%) of them were rifampicin resistance. The infection was higher in males, i.e. 60(25.3%) compared to female 25(20.3%). The age group, >45(nearly 33%) with median age 42± 21.5, were prone to the infection. During the study period, 4.6% (515/11048) sputum samples were reported as smear-positive in TUTH. Consequently, with Xpert MTB/RIF assay, the additional case 16.5% (n=85/515) from smear-negative presumptive TB cases were detected. Among the most occurring clinical presentations, cough and chest pain were positively associated with SNPT. While upper lobe infiltrates (36.4%) and pleural effusion (40.4%) were the most peculiar radiological impression noted in PTB patient. 94 multi-drug resistant(MDR) suspected cases were enrolled; of total suspects, 29(30.8%) samples were rifampicin sensitive, 1(1.06%) indeterminate, 3(3.19%) rifampicin-resistant while remaining of them were negative. 2(2.2%) MDR cases were recovered from the patient with a previous history of ATT, of total 89 previously treated cases enrolled However, a single rifampicin-resistant from the new suspects. Conclusion With an application of the assay, the additional cases, missed with smear microscopy, could be sought and exact incidence of the diseases could be revealed. Keywords: Xpert MTB/Rif assay, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Line Probe Assay, MDR-TB, smear-negative

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Attitude and knowledge about Organ Donation among Nurses in Croatia, A Single-center Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117428/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Nemcic ◽

Stana Pacaric ◽

Tajana Turk ◽

Nikolina Farcic ◽

Andrea Milostic- ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surgical Department ◽

Close Family Member ◽

Knowing That ◽

Close Family

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in opinion and knowledge about organ donation of nurses working in the surgical and non-surgical department. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 223 nurses working in surgical, and non-surgical departments. An anonymous survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument, which consisted of questions on socio-demographic data, and questions on opinions and knowledge about organ donation. Results: Most participants would donate their organs after death (71.2%). The most common reason for not donating organs was insufficient information (40%), the importance of knowing that their body will be whole at the time of burial (21.8%), and the age of the respondents (20%). Participants would donate organs after the death of a close family member (52.3%). 29 (13.2%) participants have a donor card, significantly more of them from surgical departments (P = 0.04). Participants who would not donate their organs were significantly more likely to say that they would not or did not know whether they would receive an organ from a person of another religion (P < 0,001). Participants from surgical departments (P = 0.04) and Masters of Nursing have significantly more correct answers. (P = 0,009). Conclusion: Most participants would donate their organs after death, with no statistical significance regarding the position and level of education. Knowledge about organ donation was average, significantly higher among Masters of Nursing and among participants from surgical departments.

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VALUE OF SERUM IMA (ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN) IN DIAGNOSIS OF NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2017.5.27 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 197-202

Author(s):

Quang Tuan Pham ◽

Ta Dong Nguyen ◽

Nguyen Tuong Van Ha ◽

Van Minh Huynh

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

St Segment Elevation ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

St Segment ◽

Coronary Syndromes ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Early diagnosis in ACS is significant to treatment and prognosis. It helps to reduce death and complications. What is the value of IMA concentration for diagnosing non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Objective: Studying the IMA concentration in blood serum in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes; determining sensitivity, specificity and cut off point of IMA in diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Subject and Method: 75 patients hospitalized in Hue Central Hospital with breast pang, presenting non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Based-on the ESC Guidelines 2015, diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes is made on 37 of those as in a patients group; 38 others are chosen as a controls group. Cross-sectional study with comparison is applied. Result: (i) Concentration of enzymes CK-MB and of hs-TnT in the patients group is higher compared with that in the controls group. Average IMA concentration in patients group is 93.49± 89.56 IU/mL (median: 58.57IU/mL) and higher compared with the controls group which reaches 15.01 ± 9.87 IU/mL (median: 11.735IU/mL). It results in a statistical significance p<0,001. (ii) The cut off point for diagnosing non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes > 28.68IU/mL, reaching a sensitivity at 91.9% and a specificity at 86.8%, AUC = 0.98, 95% CI=0.95-1.00, p<0.001, OR= 74.8, 95% CI =16.54 - 338.38, p<0.001. Conclusion: IMA has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Key words: iMA, NSTEMi, Acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation

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Performance of Malaria Microscopy External Quality Assessment and networking among Health Facilities in West Amhara Region, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.22333/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Banchamlak Tegegne ◽

Kefale Ejigu ◽

Getaneh Alemu ◽

Yeshimebet Fetene ◽

Kindye Endaylalu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

False Positive ◽

False Negative ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Good Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Malaria Microscopy

Abstract Background: In most health facilities, microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears is performed for definitive diagnosis of malaria. Despite it produces reliable results about both the infection status and level of parasitemia, microscopic examination of malaria is affected by skill of the laboratory personnel, workload, condition of microscopes and quality of laboratory supplies. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the performance of laboratories is critical in order to make timely corrections. Objective: To assess malaria microscopy performance of diagnostic laboratories in west Amhara region.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to July 2019 among thirty malaria diagnostic laboratories in west Amhara region. Thirty slides were collected from participating laboratories every quarter. Collected slides were taken to Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI) reference laboratory and re-checked by malaria microscopist who were blind to the results from health facilities. Percentage of test agreement, rates of false positive, false negative and species misdiagnosis were calculated using Excel 2010.Results: Among a total of 6689 slides re-examined, results of 6146 slides were the same with that of participating laboratories to give a test agreement of 97.31% and 94.6% in parasite detection and species identification, respectively. Variations in the overall performance of individual laboratories were seen within a range of 81.55% to 97.27% test agreement. Results of 543 (8.12%) slides were discordant, of which 363 (5.4%), 93 (1.4%) and 87 (1.3%) were due to species misdiagnosis, false positive and false negative results, respectively. Conclusion: There was good test agreement between participated laboratories and APHI laboratory. More accurate performance is expected as the country is tracking to malaria elimination. Hence, strengthening the EQA program by integrating rechecking with onsite evaluation is recommended.K

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Análisis de la curva ROC en la evaluación de indicadores antropométricos

Revista Digital de Postgrado ◽

10.37910/rdp.2022.11.1.e333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerardo Bauce ◽

Mary Moya-Sifontes

Keyword(s):

Predictive Value ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Wald Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Test Statistic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist Size ◽

Discriminatory Capacity

Evaluation of the Waist Weight-Circumference Index (WWCI) using Logistic Regression. Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study shows 1095 adults and older adults, aged between 20 and 96 years. Methods: variables: age, weight, size, Waist Circumference (WC), BMI, Waist-Size Index (WSI). Results: Similar BMI in both sexes; higher WC and WSI averages in a ≥ age of 65; major WWCI in group 20-59 years; WWCI risk rate (54.1%) higher in WC (44.7%) WSI (78.2%). WWSI significantly associated with BMI, WC and WSI (p<0.000); positive predictive value 0.92 and negative predictive value 0.70, indicate discriminatory capacity; Relative Risk, 1.92; Wald test statistic indicates statistical significance for the coefficients of risk probability equations; area under the ROC curve is 0.803 and 0.903 (P<0.000), high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: WWCI can be considered to evaluate overweight and obesity in adults, given its high discriminatory capacity.

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PREVALENCE OF HEARING SYMPTOMS RELATED TO PATULOUS EUSTACHIAN TUBE AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY

ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/0102-672020200002e1520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Leticia Raysa Schiavon KINASZ ◽

Hendrick Emmanuel Vieira DE-SOUSA ◽

Manoel Augusto Ribas CAVALCANTI ◽

José Fernando POLANSKI

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Asymptomatic Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals ◽

Patulous Eustachian Tube

ABSTRACT Background: Rapid and severe weight loss can result in the reduction of the ear tube lining fat tissue and it becomes patent, leading to symptoms such as autophony, aural fullness and tinnitus. Patients after bariatric surgery have, in theory, a predisposition to the development of such alteration. Aim: To evaluate the presence of patent tuba-related complaints in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, correlating with weight and body mass index (BMI) values, as well as demographic data. Methods: Cross-sectional study composed of the evaluation of patients undergoing bariatric surgery through a standardized questionnaire about the presence of symptoms compatible with ear tube patency. Results: Eighty patients were evaluated, 77 female and three males. The main comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (37.5%). Fifteen (18.75%) presented symptoms compatible with patent auditory/Eustachian tube - aural fullness and autophony - postoperatively. In symptomatic individuals the initial weight was 112 kg on average and the preoperative BMI was 45 kg/m², while in asymptomatic individuals the weight was 117 kg and BMI 47 kg/m². There was statistical significance in the comparison between individuals with and without symptoms in the variables of initial weight (p=0.00000), current weight (p=0.00029), preoperative BMI (p=0.00219) and postoperative BMI (p=0.00148). Conclusion: The presence of symptoms compatible with patent auditory/Eustachian tube was 18.75% of the patients submitted to bariatric surgery in the evaluated sample. Both preoperative weight and BMI were lower in symptomatic patients when compared with the asymptomatic group.

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Explicit Weight Stigma among Physiotherapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0501.079 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seena, M. Mathai ◽

P. S Swathymol ◽

Nizar Abdul MajeedKutty ◽

Gan Ee Ju

Keyword(s):

Health Care Professionals ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Weight Stigma ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Attitude Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome ◽

Physiotherapy Students

Obesity is one of the most pervasive phenomena in this world and it is now regarded as the main public health challenge. Obesity is highly stigmatized in our society. Weight stigma in health care professionals can lead to poor treatment outcome to obese patients. This study is aimed to determine the attitude of physiotherapy students towards weight. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia. A total of 179 physiotherapy students participated in this survey. Anti-Fat Attitude Questionnaire was used as an outcome measure to determine explicit weight stigma. Questions on demographic data and experience of weight bias were also included in the questionnaire. Majority of the students score negative marks in Anti-Fat Attitude Questionnaire in which any value greater than 0 was considered as explicit weight stigma. The relationship between gender with dislike, fear and willpower subscales shows statistical significance. Clinical posting has also shown significant association with fear and willpower subscale. Body mass index has shown no statistical significance with dislike and willpower subscale though it shows statistical significance with fear subscales. Overall, physiotherapy students do not demonstrate explicit weight stigma.

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