scholarly journals Análisis de la curva ROC en la evaluación de indicadores antropométricos

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Bauce ◽  
Mary Moya-Sifontes
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist Size ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

Evaluation of the Waist Weight-Circumference Index (WWCI) using Logistic Regression. Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study shows 1095 adults and older adults, aged between 20 and 96 years. Methods: variables: age, weight, size, Waist Circumference (WC), BMI, Waist-Size Index (WSI). Results: Similar BMI in both sexes; higher WC and WSI averages in a ≥ age of 65; major WWCI in group 20-59 years; WWCI risk rate (54.1%) higher in WC (44.7%) WSI (78.2%). WWSI significantly associated with BMI, WC and WSI (p<0.000); positive predictive value 0.92 and negative predictive value 0.70, indicate discriminatory capacity; Relative Risk, 1.92; Wald test statistic indicates statistical significance for the coefficients of risk probability equations; area under the ROC curve is 0.803 and 0.903 (P<0.000), high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: WWCI can be considered to evaluate overweight and obesity in adults, given its high discriminatory capacity.

scholarly journals Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Hysteroscopy in Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding- A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sindhujha Sekar ◽  
A Esther Ruby ◽  
P Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: In perimenopausal age group particularly, 70% of all gynaecological consultations are for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). About 30% of women seek medical assistance for AUB during their reproductive age group and about one third of hysterectomies are carried out for AUB alone. Aim: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVS) versus hysteroscopy in detecting uterine abnormalities Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in patients with AUB, admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at RGGWCH, Puducherry between February 2016 and February 2017 who met the inclusion criteria were included. Sample size was 85 cases. After taking detailed history and physical examination the patient was investigated to rule out organic causes of AUB and then TVS and hysteroscopy were done. Any intrauterine pathology was looked for and endometrial sampling was taken from the abnormal sites for Histopathological Examination (HPE). Both TVS and hysteroscopy results were compared with histopathology which is the gold standard. Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosis of uterine fibroid in comparison to hysteroscopy was 94.74% and the specificity was 71.21%. The sensitivity of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia in comparison to HPE was 75% and the specificity was 87.01%. The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia in comparison to HPE was 37.5% and the specificity was 90.91%. The sensitivity of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of polyp in comparison to HPE was 100% and the specificity was 97.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of TVS in diagnosis of polyp in comparison to HPE were 9.09% and 93.24%, respectively. Conclusion: TVS had a high sensitivity to detect fibroids but its value in detecting hyperplasia and polyps was in question in this study. But hysteroscopy had a maximum sensitivity to detect polyps and high sensitivity to detect endometrial hyperplasia compared to histopathology which is a gold standard investigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutritional status of children aged 34-92 months using various nutritional status indices and validity of age independent indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2593
Author(s):  
Nayantara R. Gandra ◽  
Kalavathy Jasmine Masillamoni
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Independent ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: Even though there are many programs run by Government to tackle the problem of malnutrition in India, problem of malnutrition is still there. Malnutrition leads to infections and even can lead to death of child in severe cases. The mortality rate is very high compared to other countries. The objective of the study to study validity of age independent various nutritional status indices in comparison to gold standard of weight for ageMethods: Present study was institution based cross sectional study carried out at SDA high school, from January 2019 to July 2019 among 58 school children aged 34-92 months of age. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid arm circumference were recorded as per the standard guidelines. Weight for height, weight of age, Kanawati Index, Jeliffe’s ratio, Rao index, and Dugdales index was calculated. Gold standard used was weight for age. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for these indices.Results: Majority of the children belonged to 48-60 months and 61-72 months i.e. 29.3% each. Males were more than females. Prevalence of malnutrition was 60.3%, 48.3%, 51.7%, 91.4%, and 56.8% based on weight for age, Kanawati index, Rao index, Jeliffe’s ratio and Dugdale’s index respectively. Dugdale’s index was found to have high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (86.9%) compared to all other indices.Conclusions: Among age independent indices of nutritional status available, Dugdales index can be used as it has been found that it has remarkably higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other age independent indices of nutritional status.

scholarly journals Detecting proteinuria: A comparison of diagnostic tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jeanida Mauliddina ◽  
Rosmayanti Siregar ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Renal Disorders ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background Proteinuria is a condition when protein is found in urine, a common symptom in children with renal disorders. Proteinuria can also be found in nonnal children and in those with non-renal disorders. A high sensitivity test is needed to detect proteinuria. Spectrophotometry has been used as a standard to detect proteinuria, however, it is expensive and not readily available in health clinics. We tested the use of20% sulfosalicylic add to detect proteinuria, and compared it to spectrophotometry. The sulfosalicylic add test is inexpensive, rapid, and easily performed in primary community health centers.Objective To compare 2 0 % sulfosalicylic acid test t o spectrophotometry as a diagnostic test for proteinuria.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Adam Malik Hospital from September 2009 until December 2009. Inclusion criteria were children aged 3 to 18 years who experienced kidney disease. We collected 24 hour urine specimens from 55 children by consecutive sampling. Urine specimens were tested for proteinuria by 20% sulfosalicylic acid test and spectrophotometry.Results Sensitivity and specificity of 20% sulfosalicylic acid test compared to spectrophotometry were 88.1 % and 69.2%, respectively, with a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 90.2% and 64.3%, respectively.Conclusion The sulfosalicylic acid test had low sensitivity and specificity for detecting proteinuria, but it was more practical and less expensive compared to spectrophotometry.

ROLE OF 3D CT SCAN IN QUANTIFYING GLENOID BONE LOSS IN RECURRENT UNILATERAL SHOULDER DISLOCATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Shivprasad Jaybhay ◽  
Madhuri Misal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Glenoid Bone Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation

Purpose: Patients with recurrent shoulder instability often present with osseous injury to the glenoid and humeral head. Glenoid bone loss can easily be quantied on a three-dimensional computed tomography scan by modeling the inferior portion of the glenoid contour as a true circle on an en face view. This study investigated the accuracy of CT in determining the presence and severity of glenoid bone loss in patients with unilateral recurrent shoulder dislocation. Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was done among patients with unilateral recurrent shoulder dislocation. Forty patients with anterior shoulder dislocation underwent shoulder CT examination before arthroscopy. Results: Glenoid bone loss was evident in 38 (95%) of the 40 patients at arthroscopy. Compared with arthroscopy, CT had sensitivity in detecting glenoid bone loss of 92.1%; specicity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; and negative predictive value, 40.0%. Three false-negative CT assessments had 5%, 5%, and 20% glenoid bone loss, respectively, at arthroscopy. There was a strong correlation between CT and arthroscopy with respect to the severity of glenoid bone loss (r = 0.73). Conclusion: CT has both a high sensitivity and a high specicity for detecting glenoid bone loss, and agreement with arthroscopy regarding the severity of glenoid bone loss is good. CT can be used to assess glenoid bone loss and the need for bone augmentation surgery.

scholarly journals Body Shape Dissatisfaction and Overweight Noesis among Polytechnic College students in Puducherry- A Cross Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Prasad R ◽  
Kanimozhy K ◽  
Venkatachalam J ◽  
Madhanraj K ◽  
Zile Singh
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1980 worldwide. With the changing dietary and life style habits, overweight and obesity have become a threat globally. As on 2011, more than 40 million children worldwide are overweight and more than 30 million of them are living in developing countries. Body image perception of an individual plays a major role in determining the diet and lifestyle modification to alter their body shape.Materials and methods: The study was carried out among 1034 polytechnic college students in Puducherry aged 15-25 years as a cross sectional study. Stunkard’s visual figures scale was used to measure Body Shape Dissatisfaction.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance in difference between proportions, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The prevalence of Body Shape Dissatisfaction in our study subjects was found to be 62.2%. More female students wanted a thinner body shape while more male students wanted a bigger body shape than their current body shape. 45.3% of the students with normal BMI were satisfied with their current body shape, 26% of them wanted a bigger shape and 28.7% of the students wanted to have a thinner shape.Conclusions:The prevalence of BSD was considerably high in our study population. Body shape misconception might lead to unnecessary weight reduction measures and students tend to follow unhealthy methods for weight reduction. Proactive preventive measures could be initiated targeting towards weight management and dietary practices of college students.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Paixão Fayer ◽  
Maria Marta Conrado ◽  
Luciano Miranda ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Military College

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas aumentou o número de pessoas acima do peso, incluindo crianças e adolescentes, fato que é considerado preocupante, pois pode acarretar diversas doenças crônicas, em longo prazo.Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar, investigando possíveis diferenças entre os sexos e as faixas etárias.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do qual participaram 381 escolares de um colégio militar de Minas Gerais, de 11 a 17 anos, sendo 213 meninos e 168 meninas. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) que foi classificado segundo o PROESP-BR. Para testar diferenças entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (X2) e para testar a relação entre idade e IMC, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Significância estatística: p < 0,05.Resultados: Foi observado sobrepeso em 17,8% (n = 68) e de obesidade em 5,8% (n = 22) dos escolares. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade cronológica e o IMC (r = 0,32; p < 0,0001). Não houve correlação entre estado nutricional e faixa etária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, em relação ao sobrepeso e à obesidade (16,9% e 6,6% nos meninos vs. 19,0% e 4,8% nas meninas, respectivamente).Conclusão: A prevalência sobrepeso e obesidade nos escolares do colégio militar, em conjunto, foi de 23,6%, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas, sem diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Essa prevalência foi similar à média de escolares brasileiros.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Students of a Military SchoolIntroduction: Over the past few decades, the number of overweight people, including children and adolescents has increased significantly, a fact that is considered worrying, as it can lead to several chronic diseases in the long term.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of a military college, investigating possible differences between sexes and age groups.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 381 students from a military school in Minas Gerais, aged 11 to 17 years, were 213 boys and 168 girls. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the PROESP-BR. To test for gender differences, the Chi-square test (X2) was used and Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between age and BMI. Statistical significance: p <0.05.Results: Overweight was observed in 17.8% (n = 68) and obesity in 5.8% (n = 22) of the students. There was a positive correlation between chronological age and BMI (r = 0.32; p <0.0001). There was no correlation between nutritional status and age range. No significant differences were observed between genders regarding overweight and obesity (16.9% and 6.6% in boys vs. 19.0% and 4.8% in girls, respectively).Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the students of the military college, together, was 23.6% in both boys and girls, with no significant difference between age groups. This prevalence was similar to the average of Brazilian schoolchildren.

VALUE OF SERUM IMA (ISCHEMIA MODIFIED ALBUMIN) IN DIAGNOSIS OF NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

2017 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Quang Tuan Pham ◽  
Ta Dong Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Tuong Van Ha ◽  
Van Minh Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Early diagnosis in ACS is significant to treatment and prognosis. It helps to reduce death and complications. What is the value of IMA concentration for diagnosing non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Objective: Studying the IMA concentration in blood serum in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes; determining sensitivity, specificity and cut off point of IMA in diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Subject and Method: 75 patients hospitalized in Hue Central Hospital with breast pang, presenting non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Based-on the ESC Guidelines 2015, diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes is made on 37 of those as in a patients group; 38 others are chosen as a controls group. Cross-sectional study with comparison is applied. Result: (i) Concentration of enzymes CK-MB and of hs-TnT in the patients group is higher compared with that in the controls group. Average IMA concentration in patients group is 93.49± 89.56 IU/mL (median: 58.57IU/mL) and higher compared with the controls group which reaches 15.01 ± 9.87 IU/mL (median: 11.735IU/mL). It results in a statistical significance p<0,001. (ii) The cut off point for diagnosing non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes > 28.68IU/mL, reaching a sensitivity at 91.9% and a specificity at 86.8%, AUC = 0.98, 95% CI=0.95-1.00, p<0.001, OR= 74.8, 95% CI =16.54 - 338.38, p<0.001. Conclusion: IMA has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Key words: iMA, NSTEMi, Acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Arcus Corneae For Age Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Boonsak Hanterdsith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Although the arcus corneae (AC) has long been used as an age indicator for forensic purposes, its diagnostic value has not been evaluated. To evaluate the AC as a predictor of chronological age, the author has studied the correlation of AC with respect to age of the deceased. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 342 Thai corpses at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. AC was graded into three levels: no AC, incomplete ring, and complete ring. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binomial logistic regression, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were used for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa was used to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The prevalence of AC and the probability of complete AC were significant higher in corpses aged 60 years and above than in those under 60 years. Consequently, this study confirmed that the prevalence of AC was significantly correlated with the age of Thai individuals. If the complete AC is used as an indicator of age of 60 years and above, complete AC has high sensitivity (92.56%) but low specificity (72.85%), low positive predictive value (65.12%), but high negative predictive value (94.71%). For diagnostic value, the presence of AC can be used for age screening but not for absolute confirmation. The absence of AC indicates young age, incomplete AC indicates middle age, and complete AC indicates old age. The high intraobserver and interobserver reliability provides assurance of the value of AC as a means to estimate personal age.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detection of pregnancy associated breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Zainab Mehmood ◽  
Rafia Shahzad ◽  
Ismat Fatima ◽  
Abubaker Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Probe

Introduction: Some unique physiological changes occur in breast volume and water content during pregnancy which makes the radiological evaluation of the breast difficult.  As a result, diagnosis of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer.  is often delayed. Objective: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of pregnancy associated breast cancer taking histopathology as gold standard. Methodology: Present Cross-sectional study was carried out at INMOL Hospital, Lahore. Ultrasound of 200 women was performed. The patient was laid supine and then turned slightly in oblique position to scan the breast with high frequency linear probe (7.5-10 MHz). The contra-lateral breast and both axillae were also scanned in the same way. Findings were categorized on the basis of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment categories. Subsequently the breast tissue was sent to histopathology laboratory for tissue diagnosis. The pathologist was blinded of the results of ultrasonography. Results: Mean age was 34 ± 11.36 years. Twenty-eight percent patients were primi-para while 72% patients were multi-para. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography taking histopathology as gold standard was analyzed and ultrasonography had sensitivity 84.78%, specificity 98.05%, positive predictive value 92.85%, negative predictive value 95.56% and diagnostic accuracy was 95%. Invasive ductal carcinoma was most commonly observed (P<0.001) malignant histopathology. On the other hand, significantly high (P = 0.033) number of benign lesions were Fibroadenomas. Conclusion: The high sensitivity and specificity along with easy availability, and non-invasive nature makes ultrasonography a very useful technique for the diagnosis of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Hanif ◽  
Sohail Ahmed Khan ◽  
Sobia Muneer ◽  
Syed Omair Adil
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Positive Predicted Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in obstructive jaundice taking MRCP as gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dow Institute of Radiology (DIR), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi from 2nd May 2018 till 2nd November 2018. Both male and female patients aged 30 to 80 years with suspected obstructive jaundice were included. Patients already diagnosed with obstructive jaundice were excluded. MRCP and ultrasound were performed in suspected patients. Diagnostic accuracy including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of obstructive jaundice were calculated using contingency tables using MRCP findings as gold standard. Results: Mean age of the patients was 54.73 ± 12.65 years. In causes of obstruction, choledocholothiasis was responsible for 85 (35.1%), stricture 61 (25.2%), carcinoma of head of pancreas 39 (16.1%), periampullary carcinoma 21 (8.7%), cholangiocarcinoma 10 (4.1%) and gallbladder carcinoma 26 (10.7%) of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in obstructive jaundice taking MRCP findings as gold standard showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV) and overall diagnostic accuracy as 84.57%, 79.10%, 91.36%, 66.25% and 83.06%. Conclusion: Ultrasound has a high sensitivity, moderate specificity, and high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1665 How to cite this:Hanif H, Khan SA, Muneer S, Adil SO. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in evaluation of obstructive jaundice with MRCP as gold standard. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1665 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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