scholarly journals Efficacy of some native entomopathogenic nematodes against the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), adults under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Çağlayan ◽  
Turgut Atay ◽  
İlker Kepenekci
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have more important role in biological control of economic insect pests. The effect of native EPNs on adults of the lucerne beetle, Gonioctena fornicata (Brüggemann, 1873) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which are important alfalfa pests in Turkey and around the world, was investigated. Results Dose-mortality assays were carried out with 5 isolates [Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (isolate 09-31), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) (isolate 09-43), H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut, and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas] using doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 IJs ml−1 under the laboratory conditions. Studies showed that all isolates had an effect 90% and more at 2000 IJs ml−1 and at the end of 112 h [except, H. bacteriophora (isolate 09-43) and H. bacteriophora Tokat-Songut isolates against H. postica]. In addition, LT30, LT50, and LT90 values at 1000 IJs ml−1 were determined. Conclusions According to the results, G. fornicata adults were susceptible to all isolates tested in the study and H. postica adults were susceptible to the isolates S. carpocapsae (Black sea isolate), S. feltiae (isolate 09-31), and S. carpocapsae Tokat-Ulas. This is the first study conducted in Turkey for the virulence of EPNs against G. fornicata and H. postica.

scholarly journals Virulence of Native and Exotic Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinerematidae, Heterorhabditidae) Against Larvae of the Agave Weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 832A-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Molina-Ochoa* ◽  
Eva Judith Hueso-Guerrero ◽  
Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Farías-Larios ◽  
Francisco Radillo-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cryptic Habitats ◽  
Mexican Strains

The agave weevil (Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal) (AW) is widely distributed and is severe pest of plants in the Order Liliales, Familiy Agavaceae, such as Agave tequilana, A. fourcroydes, A. sisalana, A. sp., Polianthes tuberosa, and Yucca sp. Some of these species have importance as ornamental, medicinal, fragrant essence, and raw fiber. AW is controlled with insecticides, but insecticides are unable to reach the larvae in the galleries where the larvae borrows the agave crowns. Galleries are cryptic habitats where the entomopathogenic nematodes are able to infect instars of the AW. Recently, Hueso-Guerrero, and Molina-Ochoa (2004) reported the occurrence of native steinernematid nematodes naturally infecting the AW larvae. Virulence of isolates and strains of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes against AW larvae was determined under laboratory conditions. Three native steinernematid isolates obtained from naturally infected AW larvae (A1, A2, and A3) were bioassayed a concentration of 100 nematodes/mL and petri dish (60 × 10 mm) arenas. Native isolates were isolated from AW larvae attacking agave crowns. Other strains evaluated were: S. carpocapsae All and Mexican, S. riobrave, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC2. Native steinernematid isolates caused 100% mortality, however exotic strains caused mortality ranges between 90%, and 40%. Steinernema carpocapsae All strain, S. riobrave, H. bacteriophora NC2, and S. carpocapsae Mexican strains caused 90%, 60%, 50%, and 40% mortality, respectively. Results suggest that native steinernematid isolates, and S. carpocapsae All strain have potential as biological control agents against the AW weevil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two native entomopathogenic nematodes against Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sindhura Bhairavi ◽  
Badal Bhattacharyya ◽  
Gitanjali Devi ◽  
Sudhansu Bhagawati ◽  
Partha Pratim Gyanudoy Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Odontotermes Obesus ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the widely studied biological control agents. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two EPNs species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema aciari (Qui, Yan, Zhou, Nguyen and Pang) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), isolated locally from soils of Majuli river island, Assam, India against two important subterrenean pests; Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Results In case of O. obesus, mortality percent was recorded by H. bacteriophora after 72 h. at 300 IJs/termite and by S. aciari at 250 and 300 IJs/termite after 96 h. The lowest LD50 and LT50 values obtained for H. bacteriophora were 13.054 IJs/termite and 26.639 h., respectively, while those of S. aciari were 42.040 IJs/termite and 31.761 h., respectively. With respect to A. ipsilon, H. bacteriophora registered a highest mortality rate at 300 IJs/larvae after 144 h. S. aciari showed 100 percent mortality at 300 IJs/larva after 168 h. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for H. bacteriophora were 35.711 IJs/larva and 83.050 h., respectively. The lowest values of LD50 and LT50 for S. aciari were 71.192 IJs/larvae and 97.921 h., respectively. Overall, H. bacteriophora displayed more virulence toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari. Conclusion Both native EPNs were found effective against O. obesus and A. ipsilon. However, H. bacteriophora was more virulent toward O. obesus and A. ipsilon than S. aciari under the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals A survey investigating the diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in the UK and the first confirmed UK record of Steinernema carpocapsae

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Edmunds ◽  
Rory J. Post ◽  
Craig S. Wilding ◽  
Robbie Rae
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insect Parasites

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are lethal insect parasites that have been commercialised as biological control agents. EPN have been isolated from across the world but it has been more than 20 years since the last survey of the UK, and species like Steinernema carpocapsae have never been found here and positively identified through molecular biology. We collected 518 soil samples from a diverse range of habitats across the UK and baited them with Galleria mellonella to isolate EPN. Dead G. mellonella were placed in White traps and emergent EPN underwent DNA barcoding analyses. From the 518 samples, 3.5% were positive for EPN. No Heterorhabditis species were found, but seven isolates of S. glaseri, one isolate of S. feltiae, eight isolates of S. affine and two isolates of S. carpocapsae were found. This was the first confirmed record of S. carpocapsae in the UK.

scholarly journals CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DA MOSCA-DO-MEDITERRÂNEO Ceratitis capitata UTILIZANDO NEMATOIDES ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS EM LABORATÓRIO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Santos de MINAS ◽  
Claudia DOLINSKI ◽  
Rômulo da Silva CARVALHO ◽  
Ricardo Moreira de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Feasible Alternative

O presente trabalho avaliou em laboratório, a utilização de diferentes linhagens de nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) individualmente e combinadas visando ao controle biológico da mosca-do-Mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). No primeiro bioensaio foram utilizadas oito linhagens individualizadas de NEPs (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12) sendo que para cada tratamento foram utilizados 20 tubos de ensaio cada um contendo areia,10 larvas L3 de C. capitata e 100 juvenis infectantes (JIs) diluídos em 1 cm3 de água destilada. No tratamento controle foi adicionado 1 cm3 de água destilada. No segundo bioensaio, foram utilizadas cinco larvas de C. capitata e as linhagens de nematoides foram combinadas duas a duas num total de 100 juvenis por repetição (50 JIs de cada linhagem) Os bioensaios foram conduzidos a 28 ºC, 80% UR e 12 de fotoperíodo. A mortalidade média das larvas foi avaliada pelo teste de Tukey a 1%. Individualmente as linhagens H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12 foram as mais eficientes e causaram mortalidade entre 75 e 98,5%. As combinações mais eficientes foram H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 e H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 com mortalidade de larvas L3 de 60 e 82%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que tanto separadamente ou em combinação, algumas linhagens de NEPs podem ser usadas no controle biológico de C. capitata, sendo que quando usadas separadamente, a eficiência é maior. ABSTRACT The present study investigated under laboratory conditions the use of entomopathogenic nematodes strains separately or in combinations, as biological control agent of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). In the first bioassay, eight strains were used separately (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12). For each treatment, 20 test tubes with sand, 10 larvae of C. capitata and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) diluted in 1 cm3 of distilled water were used. In the treatment control only 1 cm3 of distilled water was added. In the second bioassay it was used the same material; however, the number of C. capitata larvae was reduced to five and strains of nematodes combined in pairs, in a total of 100 IJs per replicate (50 individuals of each strain). All treatments were stored in an incubator for 15 days (28 ºC, 80% RU and 12 h photoperiod). The average mortality of larvae L3 was evaluated by Tukey test at 1%. The strains H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 and H. sp. LPP12 were the most efficient ones, reaching mortalities range between 75 and 98.5%. In the second experiment, the most effective combinations were H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 and H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 with mortality of 60 and 82%, respectively. We concluded that the use of NEPs in the biological control of C. capitata is a feasible alternative either using species separated or in combination, but the first one may reach higher mortality.

Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Dias ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.

DIFFERENTIAL ENCAPSULATION OF TWO BATHYPLECTES PARASITOIDS AMONG ALFALFA WEEVIL STRAINS, HYPERA POSTICA (GYLLENHAL)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Maund ◽  
T.H. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Biological Differences

AbstractEncapsulation of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) and B. anurus (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was investigated by dissecting parasitized larvae of three strains of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In laboratory studies, there was no encapsulation of B. curculionis in the western strain of the weevil, a significant level of encapsulation in the eastern strain of the weevil, and nearly complete encapsulation in the Egyptian strain of the weevil. The rickettsia, Wolbachia postica Hsiao and Hsiao, found only in the western strain, was not involved in encapsulation. Variation in encapsulation was due to biological differences between weevil strains. Encapsulation rates among field populations of the western and Egyptian weevils were lower than in the laboratory. Encapsulation rates of weevil populations from zones in which western and Egyptian strains overlap in southern Utah, and between eastern and western strains in Colorado, were intermediate to rates of parental strains. These results imply that B. curculionis effectiveness against the western alfalfa weevil will decline with mixing of weevil strains. Bathyplectes anurus did not evoke encapsulation and was able to develop equally well in all three weevil strains. Our findings illustrate the importance of investigating the compatibility between alfalfa weevil strains and their parasitoids in devising a sound biological control strategy.

scholarly journals Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37047
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Chaneiko ◽  
Andressa Lima de Brida ◽  
Daniel Bernardi ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Control Tool

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic nematodes: can we use the current knowledge on belowground multitrophic interactions in future plant protection programmes? – Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 242-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamarija Jagodič ◽  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Žiga Laznik
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Multitrophic Interactions ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Chemical Stimuli

Plants under herbivore attack emit mixtures of volatiles that can attract the natural enemies of the herbivores. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are organisms that can be used in the biological control of insect pests. Recent studies have shown that the movement of EPNs is associated with the detection of chemical stimuli from the environment. To date, several compounds that are responsible for the mediation in below ground multitrophic interactions have been identified. In the review, we discuss the use of EPNs in agriculture, the role of belowground volatiles and their use in plant protection programmes.

Effects of various stress factors on heat tolerance by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Bilgrami ◽  
Randy Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than

AbstractCentrifugation, desiccation, agitation, and handling of entomopathogenic nematodes in the laboratory during isolation, culture, storage, formulation and experimentation, influences nematode ability to tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Stress imposed by centrifugation (5-60 min), desiccation (3-9 days), agitation (3-24 h), and handling (2-10 times) reduced stress and heat tolerance in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae. Short durations of stresses (e.g., 5 min of centrifugation, 3-5 days of desiccation, 3 h of agitation and 2-4 times of handling) did not affect nematodes, whereas prolonged durations (e. g., 10-60 min of centrifugation, 7-9 days of desiccation, 6-24 h of agitation and 6-10 times of handling) significantly decreased heat tolerance. Steinernema carpocapsae tolerated stress comparatively better than H. bacteriophora by showing a significantly greater degree of heat tolerance. This study provides a basis to investigate further the effects of physical and chemical stresses in order to minimise handling of laboratory nematodes and reduce disruptions of their normal function and behaviour.

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