Risk factors and impact of stigma on psychiatric patients in Sohag

Abstract Background Stigma among psychiatric patients is pervasive all over the world. Our aim in this study was to investigate risk factors for stigma related to psychiatric disorders and to demonstrate the major consequences of mental stigma for patients who experience mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional study and applied a stigma scale to 573 patients with psychiatric disorders who attended our outpatient psychiatry clinic. Participants were divided into two groups, group I (no.262) with low stigma score and group II (no.311) with high stigma score. The two groups were compared in term of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, level of education, residency, marital status, employment and socioeconomic level), factors related to the psychiatric disorder (duration of illness, number of psychiatric hospital admission and diagnosis) and impact of psychiatric illness (follow-up visits, adherence to medications and suicidal thoughts or attempts). Results The mean age of patients with high stigma score (group II) was 29 ± 6 years. High stigma score was more common in females (53.7%), illiterate (11.9%), living in rural areas (58.2%), single (22.83%), unemployed (44.37%) and low socioeconomic class (59.49%). Patients with a high stigma score showed longer duration of psychiatric disorder (43 ± 8 months), more frequent number of psychiatric hospital admission (4.3 ± 0.5) and schizophrenia ((11.25%) and other psychotic disorders (6.49%) were common diagnoses. Patients with a high stigma score show poor adherence to medication (47.91%) and follow-up (44.05%) and a high frequency of suicidal ideation or attempt (47.91%). Significant risk factors predicting high mental stigma were level of education (explaining about 23% of the risk, P = 0.03), duration of mental illness (explaining about 25% of the risk, P = 0.019), number of hospital admissions (explaining about 22.7% of the risk, P = 0.032), diagnosis of mental illness (explaining about 27.7% of the risk, P = 0.01). Conclusion Mental stigma is more prevalent among young aged individuals, females, single, unemployed, living in rural areas and those with lower educational and socioeconomic level. Mental stigma has a parallel correlation with psychiatric disorder duration, number of psychiatric hospital admissions, as well as diagnosis of psychotic disorder. The stigma of mental illness from the viewpoint of the patient may lead to delaying the access to care as well as poor adherence to medications and follow-up. Anti-stigma measures can contribute to diminishing the psychiatric illness effect.

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Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.4959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Bispo ◽

Milene Fernandes ◽

Cristina Toscano ◽

Teresa Marques ◽

Domingos Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Female Gender ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections. Results: A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions. Discussion: Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated. Conclusion: Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

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Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients

Evidence-Based Nursing Research ◽

10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i3.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Amany A. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Stigma Score ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life. Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients. Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma.

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Risk factors and features of stroke among young persons in urban and rural areas of the Tambov Region

Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice ◽

10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-1(9)-45-52 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Ekaterina B. Zvonareva ◽

Lubov I. Grigorova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cerebral Circulation ◽

Young Patients ◽

Clinical Hospital ◽

Regional Features ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Concomitant Factors ◽

Causes And Risk Factors

Since 2011 according to the national project “Health” the Regional Vascular Center has been operating on the basis of the Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital. This is a ward for patients with acute cerebral circulation disorder. Since 2017 there has been an increase in patients due to an increase in the number of attached population to Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital and, accordingly, unfortunately, the mortality rate from acute cerebral circulation disorder has been increasing. Between 2016 and 2020, a study was conducted based on the follow-up of young patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In the study we emphasized the research of regional features of the structure, causes, and risk factors of stroke in persons in the city of Tambov and the districts of the Tambov Region. We verified pathogenetic subtypes of stroke among young patients. We identified and considered main and concomitant factors determining stroke outcome, degree of neurological deficiency, and disabled patients. We identified the leading causes of stroke in persons, the main of which were: arterial hypertension, cardiac pathology, atherosclerosis.

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Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy for Trauma-Related Nightmares With Psychiatric Inpatients: A Case Series

Clinical Case Studies ◽

10.1177/1534650120953614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 3-21

Author(s):

Helen Reiter ◽

Leanne Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Acute Care ◽

Psychiatric Hospital ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Case Series ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Individualized Care

Research has shown that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent diagnosis for psychiatric patients, yet individualized care and treatment is limited in the inpatient acute care sector. Two case studies are presented which examine the use of Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT) for chronic trauma-related nightmares, within a private acute care inpatient psychiatric hospital setting. ERRT is empirically supported with efficacy for veteran and civilian populations, however no research to date has been conducted with psychiatric inpatients. Two participants diagnosed with PTSD, suffering distressing trauma-related nightmares, completed ERRT over three sessions during their psychiatric hospital admission, with the aim of reducing the frequency and severity of nightmares and related psychological symptoms. PTSD, depression, sleep quality and quantity, and nightmare frequency and related distress, were measured pre-treatment, during treatment, and follow-up at one, 3 and 6 months. Only one participant reported ongoing nightmares by the third week of the intervention, with both participants reporting an absence of nightmares at the one and 3-month follow-ups, but mixed results by the 6-month follow-up. One participant also reported a reduction in PTSD symptoms and a mild improvement in depression. The results offer some preliminary support for the provision of ERRT for the treatment of trauma-related nightmares for psychiatric inpatients.

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Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors, and Behavioral Abnormalities among Dementia Subtypes in a North Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Study

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000478978 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 257-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suman Kushwaha ◽

Puneet Talwar ◽

Aldrin Anthony ◽

Meena Gupta ◽

Kiran Bala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Indian Population ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Clinical Spectrum ◽

North Indian Population ◽

Large Hospital ◽

Behavioral Abnormalities

Background: As variability in the clinical profile of dementia subtypes had been reported with regional differences across the world, we conducted a retrospective hospital-based study in a North Indian population. Methods: We retrieved patient records from 2007 to 2014 for details of clinical evaluation, diagnosis, neuroimaging, biochemical investigations, and follow-up of 1,876 patients with dementia (PwD), and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the total PwD, Alzheimer disease (AD) accounted for 30% followed by vascular dementia (VaD) 26%, mixed dementia (MD) 21%, Parkinson-related dementia 11%, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) 7%, and infective dementia 5%. Of all PwD excluding the infective group (n = 1,777), 63% were men, 39% were from rural areas, 87% had behavioral abnormalities along with cognitive deficits, and 73% had impaired ADLs. Among dementia subtypes, a positive family history, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, and behavioral abnormalities were found to be distributed. However, there existed a predominance of specific behavioral pattern in each subtype. The mean duration of follow-up varied from 2.9 ± 2.3 (VaD) to 3.6 ± 2.1 (AD) and greater than 30% were found to be stable on treatment (except in dementia with Lewy body). Conclusions: This large hospital-based study provides a distribution pattern and clinical spectrum of dementia subtypes in a North Indian population.

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Psychiatric Hospital Admissions, Behavioral Risk Factors, and All-Cause Mortality

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.168.22.2474 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 168 (22) ◽

pp. 2474 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Mark Hamer ◽

Emmanuel Stamatakis ◽

Andrew Steptoe

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Psychiatric Hospital ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Attitudes of the Vietnamese Community towards Mental Illness

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/10398569309081340 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 110-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

On Lien

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Health Services ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Adult Group ◽

Community Based ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Vietnamese Community

There are approximately 155,000 Vietnamese born people in Australia, with 46,000 in Victoria. The majority came to Australia as refugees. Many were subjected to the reality or threat of war, persecution, imprisonment, discrimination, economic deprivation, violence, the loss of family or other major stressors. These stressors have included the hazards of the escape, lengthy stays in refugee camps and, on arrival in Australia, lack of familiarity with English and with the culture. The Vietnamese Community in Australia was expected to have a high prevalence of mental illness, especially when newly arrived from refugee camps. In a study published in 1986 as “The Price of Freedom” [1] 32% of the young Vietnamese adult group was found to suffer from psychiatric disorder. At follow-up two years later, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder, without any major intervention, had dropped to 5–6%, a prevalence lower than that in the Australian-born community. In addition, the Vietnamese community's use of mental health services (inpatient and community-based) is lower than that of any other ethnic group.

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Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.140.4.335 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Dennis Gath ◽

Peter Cooper ◽

Ann Day

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Present State ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Long Duration ◽

Before And After ◽

State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

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