scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of HLA-G gene (G*01:03, G*01:04, and G*01:05N) in Iraqi patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Abdul-Hussein ◽  
Ekhlass N. Ali ◽  
Neihaya H. Zaki ◽  
Ali H. Ad’hiah
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Soluble Hla ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been proposed to influence susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the genetic association between HLA-G alleles and two clinical phenotypes of IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD]) was evaluated in Iraqi patients. A case-control study was performed on 50 UC and 50 CD patients and 100 healthy controls (HC). Three HLA-G alleles (G*01:03, G*01:04, and G*01:05N) were determined using sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction assay followed by product digestion with restriction endonucleases (Hinf-I, BseR-I, and PpuM-I, respectively). Results The G*01:03 allele was not detected in IBD patients (UC and CD) or HC, while G*01:04 and G*01:05N alleles showed polymorphic frequencies. The allele G*01:04 was significantly associated with susceptibility to UC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27–5.13; corrected probability [pc] = 0.018) and CD (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.11–9.41; pc < 0.001). The allele G*01:05N was also associated with increased risk of UC (OR = 4.17; 95% CI = 1.32–13.21; pc = 0.032) and CD (OR = 4.75; 95% CI = 1.53–14.78; pc = 0.014). These associations were more pronounced in IBD (UC + CD), and a significantly increased risk for IBD was found with the alleles G*01:04 (OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.86–5.95; pc < 0.001) and G*01:05N (OR = 4.46; 95% CI = 1.59–12.47; pc = 0.008). A stratification of IBD patients according to some demographic and clinical characteristics revealed that frequencies of both alleles showed no significant differences between the subgroups of patients in each stratum. Soluble HLA-G was not influenced by HLA-G alleles in patients or HC. UC was an exception, and the presence of G*01:04 allele was associated with a significantly higher mean of soluble HLA-G compared to patients without the allele (189.6 ± 24.0 vs. 168.6 ± 27.2 ng/mL; p = 0.033). Conclusion This study indicated that HLA-G*01:04 and HLA-G*01:05N alleles may influence susceptibility to UC and CD in Iraqi patients.

scholarly journals Cancer Risk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders M Ekbom
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Colonic Involvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

There is an increased risk of cancer in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In 3121 patients with ulcerative colitis, 225 cases of cancer were diagnosed compared with 142.1 expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.8), and in 1655 patients with Crohn's disease, 58 cases of cancer were detected compared with 47.1 expected (SIR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.6). After excluding colorectal cancer the observed number of malignancies was very close to that expected for ulcerative colitis (SIR 1.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.2) and for Crohn's disease (SIR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.5). Thus, the increased risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease is confined to colorectal cancer. In Crohn's disease 12 cases of colorectal cancer were observed (SIR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3). The increased risk was confined to those with colonic involvement and young age at diagnosis. In patients with colonic involvement and younger than age 30 years at diagnosis, the SIR was 20.9 (95% CI 6.8 to 48.7) versus 2.2 for those older than 30 years at diagnosis (95% CI 0.6 to 5.7). In ulcerative colitis 91 cases of colorectal cancer were observed with an SIR of 5.7 (95% CI 4.6 to 7.0). Extensive disease and young age at diagnosis were independent risk factors. Pancolitis at diagnosis resulted in an SIR of 14.8 (95% CI 11.4 to 18.9), 2.8 in left-sided colitis (95% CI 1.6 to 4.4) and 1.7 in proctitis (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2). There is great variation in the risk estimates in different studies worldwide. Different treatment strategies could be an explanation, a hypothesis that was substantiated in a study of 102 cases of colorectal cancer among patients with ulcerative colitis compared with 196 controls. Pharmacological therapy with sulfasalazine entailed a strong protective effect against colorectal cancer (relative risk of 0.34, 95% CI 0.190 to 0.62).

scholarly journals Lifestyle Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Smoking

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Benoni
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

During the pa t decade, smoking habit has been identified as a major exogenous factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is associated not only with the development of the disease but al o with the clinical course in established disease. IBD combines absolute opposites as smoking is associated with Crohn’s disease and nonsmoking or former smoking with ulcerative colitis. The first reports of a negative association between smoking and ulcerative colitis were based on independent, clinical observations; from those studies a positive association was found between smoking and Crohn’s disease. Epidemiological studies that followed consistently showed that smokers have a reduced risk of ulcerative colitis and an increased risk of Crohn’s disease and that exsmokers have an increased risk of ulcerative colitis. In ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn’s disease, a dose-response pattern has been demonstrated. Changes in clinical course, in disease severity and extension, and in recurrence rate indicate substantial clinical effects of smoking with a protective effect of smoking in ulcerative colitis and an aggravating effect in Crohn’s disease. There are also indications of smoking’s effects on changes in IBD epidemiology and sex distribution. The biological explanation to the finding is unknown. Smoking may aggravate Crohn’s disease by vascular effects. Theories on the protective effect in ulcerative colitis include effects on immune and inflammatory response, on mucus and on intestinal permeability. Possibly, beneficial effects in ulcerative colitis are exerted by nicotine but further studies are needed. Due to overall negative effects of smoking, IBD patients should not smoke. It seems, however, reasonable to give individual advice in patients with ulcerative colitis who have experienced a beneficial effect of ·making considering both current health status and life situation.

scholarly journals Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2700
Author(s):  
Marie Bak ◽  
Tine Jess ◽  
Esben Meulengracht Flachs ◽  
Ann-Dorthe Zwisler ◽  
Knud Juel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

An association between hematological cancers and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has previously been suggested, but the risk of IBD in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is unknown. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using Danish registries, to estimate the risk of IBD in individuals diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis or unclassifiable MPN during 1994–2013. MPN patients were matched 1:10 with sex- and age-matched comparisons. Everyone was followed until a diagnosis of IBD, death/emigration, or 31 December 2013. The risk of IBD overall and according to MPN subtype was calculated using Cox regression and presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 8207 MPN patients followed for 45,232 person-years, 80 were diagnosed with IBD (61 ulcerative colitis, 19 Crohn’s disease). The rate of IBD per 1000 person-years was 1.8 (95% CI:1.4–2.2) in patients vs. 0.8 (95% CI:0.7–0.8) in comparisons, and the absolute 10-year risk of IBD was 0.8% (95% CI:0.6–1.0) in patients vs. 0.4% (95% CI:0.4–0.5) in comparisons. The HR of IBD was 2.4 (95% CI:2.1–2.9) with similar HRs for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. MPN subtype risks varied from 2.1 (95% CI:1.6–2.7) to 2.8 (95% CI:2.1–3.7). Our unselected cohort study showed a more than 2-fold increased risk of IBD in MPN patients.

scholarly journals Thiopurine monotherapy is effective in ulcerative colitis but significantly less so in Crohn’s disease: long-term outcomes for 11 928 patients in the UK inflammatory bowel disease bioresource

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2019-320185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Stournaras ◽  
Wendi Qian ◽  
Apostolos Pappas ◽  
You Yi Hong ◽  
Rasha Shawky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveThiopurines are widely used as maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the evidence base for their use is sparse and their role increasingly questioned. Using the largest series reported to date, we assessed the long-term effectiveness of thiopurines in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), including their impact on need for surgery.DesignOutcomes were assessed in 11 928 patients (4968 UC, 6960 CD) in the UK IBD BioResource initiated on thiopurine monotherapy with the intention of maintaining medically induced remission. Effectiveness was assessed retrospectively using patient-level data and a definition that required avoidance of escalation to biological therapy or surgery while on thiopurines. Analyses included overall effectiveness, time-to-event analysis for treatment escalation and comparison of surgery rates in patients tolerant or intolerant of thiopurines.ResultsUsing 68 132 patient-years of exposure, thiopurine monotherapy appeared effective for the duration of treatment in 2617/4968 (52.7%) patients with UC compared with 2378/6960 (34.2%) patients with CD (p<0.0001). This difference was corroborated in a multivariable analysis: after adjusting for variables including treatment era, thiopurine monotherapy was less effective in CD than UC (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.51, p<0.0001). Thiopurine intolerance was associated with increased risk of surgery in UC (HR 2.44, p<0.0001); with a more modest impact on need for surgery in CD (HR=1.23, p=0.0015).ConclusionThiopurine monotherapy is an effective long-term treatment for UC but significantly less effective in CD.

scholarly journals Symptoms of anxiety/depression is associated with more aggressive inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Gao ◽  
Yu Tang ◽  
Na Lei ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
Pingrun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStudies have demonstrated that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at an increased risk of developing anxiety and/or depression. IBD patients with depression/anxiety have higher rates of hospitalization and increased disease severity than those without. So far, there is a paucity of data concerning the impact of anxiety/depression on Chinese IBD patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety/depression in Chinese IBD population and its impact on IBD-related features. This is a cross-sectional study from the southwest China IBD referral center. Eligible participants were divided into those with symptoms of anxiety/depression and those without based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Demographic data and disease duration, IBD-related surgery, tobacco use, extra-intestinal manifestations, disease activity scores, endoscopic evaluation, laboratory data and current medication use were compared between two groups. A total of 341 IBD patients [221 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 120 ulcerative colitis (UC)] were included. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety/depression in IBD was 33.1%. CD patients with symptoms of anxiety/depression tended to have higher scores of simple endoscopic scores for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) (p = 0.0005). UC patients with symptoms of anxiety/depression had a significantly higher Mayo score (p = 0.0017) and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) (p < 0.0001) than their non-anxiety/depression counterparts. CD-related surgery (p = 0.012) and Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) (p < 0.0001) were identified as independent risk factors for symptoms of anxiety/depression in CD, while corticosteroid use (p = 0.036) as an independent risk factor for symptoms of anxiety/depression in UC. This study helps our understanding of the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety/depression in IBD patients and its impact on IBD course and reminds us to pay more attention on IBD management with anxiety/depression.

Prebiotics and Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Where are we now and where are we going?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliha Naseer ◽  
Shiva Poola ◽  
Syed Ali ◽  
Sami Samiullah ◽  
Veysel Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The incidence, prevalence, and cost of care associated with diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease are on the rise. The role of gut microbiota in the causation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has not been established yet. Nevertheless, several animal models and human studies point towards the association. Targeting intestinal dysbiosis for remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention is an attractive treatment approach with minimal adverse effects. However, the data is still conflicting. The purpose of this article is to provide the most comprehensive and updated review on the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis/pouchitis and their role in the remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention. A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE using the terms “prebiotics AND ulcerative colitis”, “probiotics AND ulcerative colitis”, “prebiotics AND Crohn's disease”, “probiotics AND Crohn's disease”, “probiotics AND acute pouchitis”, “probiotics AND chronic pouchitis” and “prebiotics AND pouchitis”. Observational studies and clinical trials conducted on humans and published in the English language were included. A total of 71 clinical trials evaluating the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease were reviewed and the findings were summarized. Most of these studies on probiotics evaluated lactobacillus, De Simone Formulation or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and there is some evidence supporting these agents for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and prevention of pouchitis relapse with minimal adverse effects. The efficacy of prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides and Plantago ovata seeds in ulcerative colitis are inconclusive and the data regarding the utility of prebiotics in pouchitis is limited. The results of the clinical trials for remission induction and maintenance in active Crohn's disease or post-operative relapse with probiotics and prebiotics are inadequate and not very convincing. Prebiotics and probiotics are safe, effective and have great therapeutic potential. However, better designed clinical trials in the multicenter setting with a large sample and long duration of intervention are needed to identify the specific strain or combination of probiotics and prebiotics which will be more beneficial and effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals The Changing Prognosis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease by Decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton I Korelitz ◽  
Judy Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract We present a bird’s eye view of the prognosis for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease as contained in the database of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease gastroenterologist covering the period from 1950 until the present utilizing the variables of medical therapy, surgical intervention, complications and deaths by decades.

Physiological Basis for Novel Drug Therapies Used to Treat the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases I. Immunology and therapeutic potential of antiadhesion molecule therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. G169-G174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Van Assche ◽  
Paul Rutgeerts
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Adhesion molecules regulate the influx of leukocytes in normal and inflamed gut. They are also involved in local lymphocyte stimulation and antigen presentation within the intestinal mucosa. In intestinal inflammation, many adhesion molecules are upregulated, but α4-integrins most likely hold a key position in directing leukocytes into the inflamed bowel wall. Therapeutic compounds directed against trafficking of leukocytes have been designed and are being developed as a novel class of drugs in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This review deals with the immunological aspects of leukocyte trafficking focused on gut homing of T cells. Second, the changes in adhesion molecules and T cell trafficking during intestinal inflammation are discussed. Finally, we review the clinical data that have been gathered with respect to the therapeutic potential and the safety of antiadhesion molecule treatment. Antegren, or natalizumab, a humanized anti-α4 integrin IgG4 antibody, has been most extensively evaluated and may be close to registration. A more specific humanized α4β7-integrin MLN-02 has shown preliminary clinical efficacy in ulcerative colitis, and both antergren and MLN-02 appear to be very safe. Trials with the anti-ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide ISIS-2302 in steroid refractory Crohn's disease have provided conflicting efficacy data. In the near future, some of these novel biological agents may prove valuable therapeutic tools in the management of refractory inflammatory bowel disease, although it is too early to define the patient population that will benefit most from these agents.

The Incidence of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (03) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Blanchard ◽  
Donald Houston ◽  
Andre Wajda ◽  
Charles Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Summary Background: There is an impression mostly from specialty clinics that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disorders. Our aim was to determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) from a population-based database of IBD patients and, to compare the incidence rates to that of an age, gender and geographically matched population control group. Methods: IBD patients identified from the administrative claims data of the universal provincial insurance plan of Manitoba were matched 1:10 to randomly selected members of the general population without IBD by year, age, gender, and postal area of residence using Manitoba Health’s population registry. The incidence of hospitalization for DVT and PE was calculated from hospital discharge abstracts using ICD-9-CM codes 451.1, 453.x for DVT and 415.1x for PE. Rates were calculated based on person-years of follow-up for 1984-1997. Comparisons to the population cohort yielded age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR). Rates were calculated based on person-years of follow-up (Crohn’s disease = 21,340, ulcerative colitis = 19,665) for 1984-1997. Results: In Crohn’s disease the incidence rate of DVT was 31.4/10,000 person-years and of PE was 10.3/10,000 person-years. In ulcerative colitis the incidence rates were 30.0/10,000 person-years for DVT and 19.8/10,000 person-years for PE. The IRR was 4.7 (95% CI, 3.5-6.3) for DVT and 2.9 (1.8-4.7) for PE in Crohn’s disease and 2.8 (2.1-3.7) for DVT and 3.6 (2.5-5.2) for PE, in ulcerative colitis. There were no gender differences for IRR. The highest rates of DVT and PE were seen among patients over 60 years old; however the highest IRR for these events were among patients less than 40 years. Conclusion: IBD patients have a threefold increased risk of developing DVT or PE.

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