Methodology and application of shale-reservoir natural fracture modeling based on microseismic monitoring data

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. SP167-SP174
Author(s):  
Ziwei Liu ◽  
Jiapeng Wu ◽  
Wenzhong Han ◽  
Yonggui Zhang ◽  
Zhenyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Microseismic Monitoring ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Fracture Model ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Fracture Modeling ◽  
Shale Reservoir

Fracturing is a key factor for shale oil and gas enrichment and high production. An accurate fracture model can effectively guide shale oil and gas exploration and development. The establishment of a natural fracture model must address the challenges of difficult data acquisition and poor representativeness of data points. To solve these problems, we have developed a method of shale-reservoir natural fracture modeling based on microseismic monitoring data. This method includes three steps. First, we establish an initial natural fracture model based on scale classification, vertical stratification, and genetic classification. Second, the shape and density of the hydraulic fractures are interpreted by microseismic monitoring data to calibrate the initial model of the shale reservoir natural fractures. Third, we verify the rationality of the model by assessment of the fracture porosity and permeability values. The results show that it is possible to calibrate the natural fracture density model using the fracture shape and density as determined by microseismic monitoring. And we predict that an ideal hydraulic fracture network can be formed when the body density of the natural fracturing is greater than 0.3 m2/m3. The crude production of wells is negatively correlated with the development of large-scale structural fractures and positively correlated with small-scale structural fractures. The well trajectory should run through small-scale fracture development sections as much as possible, avoiding large-scale, high-angle fracture areas. This method provides a new approach to model natural fractures in shale reservoirs that has wide applicability and can be used for modeling shale oil and gas reservoirs.

Geomechanical and Fracture Network Interpretation of a Devonian Outcrop

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Scott McKean ◽  
Simon Poirier ◽  
Henry Galvis-Portilla ◽  
Marco Venieri ◽  
Jeffrey A. Priest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nugget Effect ◽  
Schmidt Hammer ◽  
Unconventional Reservoir ◽  
Fracture Anisotropy ◽  
Fracture Intensity

Summary The Duvernay Formation is an unconventional reservoir characterized by induced seismicity and fluid migration, with natural fractures likely contributing to both cases. An alpine outcrop of the Perdrix and Flume formations, correlative with the subsurface Duvernay and Waterways formations, was investigated to characterize natural fracture networks. A semiautomated image-segmentation and fracture analysis was applied to orthomosaics generated from a photogrammetric survey to assess small- and large-scale fracture intensity and rock mass heterogeneity. The study also included manual scanlines, fracture windows, and Schmidt hammer measurements. The Perdrix section transitions from brittle fractures to en echelon fractures and shear-damage zones. Multiple scales of fractures were observed, including unconfined, bedbound fractures, and fold-relatedbed-parallel partings (BPPs). Variograms indicate a significant nugget effect along with fracture anisotropy. Schmidt hammer results lack correlation with fracture intensity. The Flume pavements exhibit a regionally extensive perpendicular joint set, tectonically driven fracturing, and multiple fault-damage zones with subvertical fractures dominating. Similar to the Perdrix, variograms show a significant nugget effect, highlighting fracture anisotropy. The results from this study suggest that small-scale fractures are inherently stochastic and that fractures observed at core scale should not be extrapolated to represent large-scale fracture systems; instead, the effects of small-scale fractures are best represented using an effective continuum approach. In contrast, large-scale fractures are more predictable according to structural setting and should be characterized robustly using geological principles. This study is especially applicable for operators and regulators in the Duvernay and similar formations where unconventional reservoir units abut carbonate formations.

Development Prospect of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 917-921
Author(s):  
De Xun Liu ◽  
Shu Heng Tang ◽  
Hong Yan Wang ◽  
Qun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Unconventional Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

Affected by the constant development of global economy and the imbalance in distribution of conventional oil and gas, oil and gas resources can no longer meet the demand in many countries. Development of unconventional oil and gas has begun to take shape. Shale gas and tight oil become the focus of global attention. Unconventional oil and gas resources are relatively abundant in China. Preliminary results have been achieved in the development of shale gas. Tight oil has been developed in small scale, and the main technologies are maturing gradually. Yet we face many challenges. Low in work degree, resources remain uncertain. Environmental capacity is limited, and large scale batch jobs will confront with difficulties.

Small-Scale FE Modelling for the Analysis of Flexible Risers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rahmati ◽  
G. Alfano ◽  
H. Bahai
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Modelling ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Flexible Risers

Flexible risers which are used for transporting oil and gas between the seabed and surface in ultra-deep waters have a very complex internal structure. Therefore, accurate modeling of their behaviour is a great challenge for the oil and gas industry. Constitutive laws based on beam models which allow the large-scale dynamics of pipes to be related to the behaviour of its internal components can be used for multi-scale analysis of flexible risers. An integral part of these models is the small-scale FE model chosen and the detailed implementation of the boundary conditions. The small scale FE analyses are typically carried out on models of up to a few meters length. The computational requirements of these methods limit their applications for only multi-scale structural analysis based on a sequential approach. For nested multi-scale approaches (i.e. the so called FE2 method) and for multi-scale multi-physic analyses, e.g. fluid structure interaction modeling of flexible risers, more efficient methods are required. The emphasis of the present work is on a highly efficient small-scale modelling method for flexible risers. By applying periodic boundary conditions, only a small fraction of a flexible pipe is used for detailed analysis. The computational model is firstly described. Then, the capability of the method in capturing the detailed nonlinear effects and the great advantage in terms of significant CPU time saving entailed by this method are demonstrated. For proof of concept the approach is applied on a simplified 3-layer pipe made of inner and outer polymer layers and an intermediate armour layer made of 40 steel tendons.

Overview of Accelerator Applications in Energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Garnett ◽  
Richard L. Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Accelerator Technology

An overview of the application of accelerators and accelerator technology in energy is presented. Applications span a broad range of cost, size, and complexity and include large-scale systems requiring high-power or high-energy accelerators to drive subcritical reactors for energy production or waste transmutation, as well as small-scale industrial systems used to improve oil and gas exploration and production. The enabling accelerator technologies will also be reviewed and future directions discussed.

scholarly journals MULTI-FACTORIAL MATHEMATICAL STATISTICAL SIMULATION OF OIL PRODUCTION

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunay Vagifgiz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Statistical Simulation ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Scale Deposits

Oil and gas deposits differ depending on the bed size, geological-physical development conditions, oil quality and geographic location. Including them in the development is connected with various investments to the main constructions; subsistence and current material expenses also differ. Therefore, from the point of view of economic efficiency, oil and gas deposits are not equal. Location of oil and industry leads to the problem of the sequence of putting of various deposits into operation and their development rate. The sizes of oil and gas beds and available oil and gas reserves in them give reason to say which of these beds will be put into operation in the near future. Completion and development of large scale deposits require less investments compared to small scale deposits. Such deposits are usually highly productive, expenses per a production unit in them is small. All these determined importance of the use of reserves in large scale deposits in the first turn.

Vegetation mapping in solving environmental problems

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Belov ◽  
L. P. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Geobotanical Forecasting

This paper presents the stages of cartographic study into vegetation of Baikalian Siberia (the southern part of East Siberia). It highlights the ways toward shaping the principles and methods of the Irkutsk (Siberian) school of mapping vegetation as a component of geosystems, the founder of which was Academician V.B.Sochava. The initial stage in studying vegetation of Baikalian Siberia involved cartographic support of the resolution of ecological problems within national programs of integral development and exploitation of natural resources in the country’s eastern regions. The current stage of cartographic study into vegetation of Baikalian Siberia is determined by changes in the nature management paradigm in circumstances where the market economy is being shaped. This stage is characterized by the transition from general purpose-regional small-scale universal mapping to generation of medium- and large-scale assessment-forecast maps of vegetation for ecological accompaniment of a variety of economic measures, such as development of oil and gas fields in the Prebaikalia, an enhancement and promotion of recreation at Baikal, etc. Presented is the algorithm of geobotanical forecasting as a multistage process of conjugate mapping of vegetation. Using the key areas on the Angara-Lena interfluve and in Northern Priolkhonie as an example, different aspects of anthropogenic and natural stability of vegetation are considered from the perspective of geobotanical forecasting. The economic value of vegetation is determined according to its ecologo-protective and resource potentials. Recommendations are made for nature management optimization on a forecasting-geobotanical basis.

Pipeline Unburial Behaviour in Loose Sand

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schupp ◽  
B. W. Byrne ◽  
N. Eacott ◽  
C. M. Martin ◽  
J. Oliphant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plane Strain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soil Response

Small diameter pipelines are routinely used to transport oil and gas between offshore production plants and the mainland, or between remote subsea well-heads and a centralised production facility. The pipelines may be placed on the soil surface but it is more usual that they are placed into trenches, which are subsequently backfilled. For the buried pipelines a well established problem has been that of upheaval buckling. This occurs because the fluid is usually pumped through the pipes at elevated temperatures causing the pipeline to experience thermal expansion which, if restrained, leads to an increase in the axial stress in the pipeline possibly resulting in a buckling failure. A secondary phenomenon that has also been identified, particularly in loose silty sands and silts, involves floatation of pipelines through the backfill material, usually shortly after burial. At the University of Oxford a project sponsored by EPSRC and Technip Offshore UK Ltd has commenced to investigate in detail the buckling and floatation problems. The main aim of the research programme is to investigate three-dimensional effects on the buckling behaviour. The initial experiments involve the more typical plane strain pipeline unburial tests to explore the relationship between depth of cover, uplift rate, pipeline diameter and pullout resistance under drained and undrained conditions. The second and main phase of experiments involves inducing a buckle in a model pipeline under laboratory conditions and making observations of the pipe/soil response. This paper will describe the initial findings from the research including a) plane strain pipe unburial tests in loose dry sand, and, b) initial small scale three-dimensional buckling tests. The paper will then describe the proposed large scale three-dimensional testing programme that will be taking place during 2006 and 2007.

Microseismic monitoring for reliable CO2 injection and storage — Geophysical modeling challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Verliac ◽  
Joel Le Calvez
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Microseismic Monitoring ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Time Data ◽  
And Storage

Recently, the oil and gas industry started to experience a major evolution that could impact the geophysical community for decades. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more renewable energy and less fossil fuel consumption. In parallel, the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) business is expected to develop rapidly. However, reliably injecting massive amounts of CO2 underground is more challenging than producing hydrocarbons from a known reservoir. Site integrity monitoring and CO2 leak detection are among the biggest challenges. Capabilities to address these challenges will be requested by regulators and the public for acceptance. This surveillance requires technologies such as microseismic monitoring either from the surface or borehole. Each CCUS project will need a preinjection feasibility study in order to design the best sensor network architecture and to set performance expectancies. Acquisition will be performed over long periods of time. Data harvesting and processing will be performed permanently in automated workflows. For these objectives, site operators must demonstrate their expertise through permanent benchmarks based on a common modeling and simulating platform. Microseismic monitoring is not fully mature and presents additional unsolved challenges for large-scale projects such as CCUS. Using a common and public geologic model to generate synthetic data is a solution to gain more credibility. Limitations can be mitigated after analyzing and quantifying gaps such as localization uncertainties. The model is complex due to the nature of CO2 injection and will evolve over time. A public consortium, such as the SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) Corporation, that gathers expertise to generate a common model and synthetic data sets will give the credibility and openness necessary to progress in scientific knowledge. It will also provide the necessary transparency for regulatory approval and public acceptance. A new common CCUS modeling platform offers opportunities to work more efficiently within different disciplines.

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