Geohazard characterization using remote sensing to model flash floods of the Southeast Sinai, Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Livinus Obiegbu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Workflow Model ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Risk Areas

Flash floods have led to disruptions of human activities and the destruction of properties particularly in the Nuweiba region of Southeast Sinai. Despite the arid nature of Sinai, flash floods still pose a great hazard to the region. Using remote sensing characterization, geohazard models were developed to identify flash flood areas, delineate and discriminate morphological features, active channels areas and soil physiography with a view to categorize risk areas exposed to flash floods hazards in a hazard map and proffer measures for mitigation. The characterization was achieved using a workflow model developed from spatial datasets of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) and the red-green-blue (RGB) composites from Landsat bands 7 ETM+. The data was used to investigate and assess flash flood areas for morphological attributes, watershed basin characterization, generation of false color composite from Landsat 7 ETM+ 7, 4 and 2 RGB bands and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) band from composite of 742 RGB. Multivariate analysis of generated raster layer attributes provided enhancements and attribute discrimination for delineating areas of active flood channels, upslope zones and soil physiography discrimination from their spectral reflectance. The results are presented in an integrated approach of remote sensing with geographic information systems (GIS) and indicates that the soil types and geological units contribute greatly towards activation of these flash floods which is triggered by intense rainstorms. Components of generated map attributes of SRTM DEM, gradient of DEM and Landsat 7 ETM+ composite of 742 bands in GIS were used to generate a hazard map using spatial analysis to depict the nature and scale of issues identified. Due to flash floods vulnerabilities, the study area was classified into stable/low, moderate and high-risk areas. Mitigation measures to control flash floods were proposed to enable adequate preparations to mitigate impending flash flood disasters.

scholarly journals Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa A. Megahed ◽  
Mohammed A. El Bastawesy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Greater Cairo

Abstract Background This paper discusses the hydrological problems assessment of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater in selected urban areas of Greater Cairo using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The integration of hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses with the fieldwork of drainage basins (Wadi Degla) hosting these urban areas endeavors to provide the optimum mitigation measures that can be feasibly taken to achieve sustainability of the urban areas and water resources available. Results Landsat 5 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were obtained shortly before and after flash flood events and were downloaded and analyzed to define the active channels, urban interference, storage areas, and the natural depressions response. The quantitative flash flood estimates include total GSMap meteorological data sets, parameters of rainfall depths from remote sensing data, active channel area from satellite images, and storage areas that flooded. In GIS, digital elevation model was used to estimate the hydrographic parameters: flow direction within the catchment, flow accumulation, time zone of the catchment, and estimating of the water volume in the largely inundated depressions. Conclusions Based on the results obtained from the study of available satellite images, it has been shown that there are two significant hydrological problems, including the lack of flash flood mitigation measures for urban areas, as the wastewater depressions and sanitary facilities are dotting in the downstream areas.

scholarly journals Modeling Flash Floods and Induced Recharge into Alluvial Aquifers Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10204
Author(s):  
Omnia El-Saadawy ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
Abdullah Othman ◽  
Abotalib Z. Abotalib ◽  
Mohammed El Bastawesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Alluvium Aquifer

Flash flood hazard assessments, mitigation measures, and water harvesting efforts in desert environments are often challenged by data scarcity on the basin scale. The present study, using the Wadi Atfeh catchment as a test site, integrates remote sensing datasets with field and geoelectrical measurements to assess flash flood hazards, suggest mitigation measures, and to examine the recharge to the alluvium aquifer. The estimated peak discharge of the 13 March 2020 flood event was 97 m3/h, which exceeded the capacity of the culverts beneath the Eastern Military Highway (64 m3/h), and a new dam was suggested, where 75% of the catchment could be controlled. The monitoring of water infiltration into the alluvium aquifer using time-lapse electrical resistivity measurements along a fixed profile showed a limited connection between the wetted surficial sediments and the water table. Throughflow is probably the main source of recharge to the aquifer rather than vertical infiltration at the basin outlet. The findings suggest further measures to avoid the negative impacts of flash floods at the Wadi Atfeh catchment and similar basins in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Furthermore, future hydrological studies in desert environments should take into consideration the major role of the throughflow in alluvium aquifer recharge.

scholarly journals A Survey of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Applications for Flash Floods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Lisha Ding ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Longguo Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Naiwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Gis Technologies

Flash floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters. As climate change and urbanization advance, an increasing number of people are at risk of flash floods. The application of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies in the study of flash floods has increased significantly over the last 20 years. In this paper, more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years are summarized and analyzed. First, a visualization analysis of the literature is performed, including a keyword co-occurrence analysis, time zone chart analysis, keyword burst analysis, and literature co-citation analysis. Then, the application of remote sensing and GIS technologies to flash flood disasters is analyzed in terms of aspects such as flash flood forecasting, flash flood disaster impact assessments, flash flood susceptibility analyses, flash flood risk assessments, and the identification of flash flood disaster risk areas. Finally, the current research status is summarized, and the orientation of future research is also discussed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Force Analysis of Flash Floods in Fujian Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnan Xiong ◽  
Quan Pang ◽  
Chunkun Fan ◽  
Weiming Cheng ◽  
Chongchong Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Middle Mountains ◽  
Driving Force Analysis ◽  
Economic Development Model ◽  
The Impact

Flash floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. The comprehensive identification of the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of a flash flood is the basis for the scientific understanding of the formation mechanism and the distribution characteristics of flash floods. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal patterns of flash floods in Fujian Province from 1951 to 2015. Then, we analyzed the driving forces of flash floods in geomorphic regions with three different grades based on three methods, namely, geographical detector, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regression. Finally, the sensitivity of flash floods to the gross domestic product, village point density, annual maximum one-day precipitation (Rx1day), and annual total precipitation from days > 95th percentile (R95p) was analyzed. The analytical results indicated that (1) The counts of flash floods rose sharply from 1988, and the spatial distribution of flash floods mainly extended from the coastal low mountains, hills, and plain regions of Fujian (IIA2) to the low-middle mountains, hills, and valley regions in the Wuyi mountains (IIA4) from 1951 to 2015. (2) From IIA2 to IIA4, the impact of human activities on flash floods was gradually weakened, while the contribution of precipitation indicators gradually strengthened. (3) The sensitivity analysis results revealed that the hazard factors of flash floods in different periods and regions had significant differences in Fujian Province. Based on the above results, it is necessary to accurately forecast extreme precipitation and improve the economic development model of the IIA2 region.

scholarly journals Integrated Strategies for the Management of Wadi Flash Floods in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Arid Zones: The ISFF Project

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Sameh A. Kantoush ◽  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Mohammed Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Tetsuya Sumi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
High Flood

AbstractSustainable management of wadi flash flood (WFF) risks is desperately needed to secure development in wadi systems. Due to rapid flow generation with sudden high flood peaks, spatiotemporal variability of rainfall occurrence, and poorly sited rapid development, most Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have no comprehensive proper protection from WFFs. In arid regions, single mitigation measures, including storage dams, recharge dams, artificial lakes and embankments, are implemented, although soft mitigation measures are not dominant, such as early warning systems. The single management strategy under climate change impacts is not adequate to reduce flash flood risks; an integrated strategy is required. The objective of the international symposium on flash floods (ISFF) project has been to develop scientific understanding of WFFs in wadi systems; monitor, model, and mitigate; issue warnings; and plan urban development by discussing and networking the strategies in the MENA region. To achieve this goal, the project defines priorities for future research challenges and potential projects for WFFs. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art scientific basis in terms of integrated flash flood management. Further, priorities are defined for the main research gaps, and the emerging research methodologies can contribute to guide the management of WFFs in such regions.

scholarly journals APPLICATION GIS AND REMOTE SENSINGTO ESTABLISH FLASH FLOOD HAZARD MAP IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Văn Trần Đức
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Flood Hazard Map ◽  
Hazard Level

Tuyen Quang is one of the provinces at high risk of flash floods in the Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam. In the rainy season, like other localities in the region, Tuyen Quang has a long, concentrated rainfall combined with steep hills and mountains, large divisions, many rivers, and streams; In addition, the thinning of the vegetation cover due to excessive exploitation of the forest by the local people causes flash floods to appear more and more. Applying GIS and remote sensing to establish a map of flash flood risk is a quantitative approach and high reliability. This article has established a flash flood hazard map at a scale of 1/100,000 in Tuyen Quang province. In the map database, districts with a high risk of flash flood were identified, including Na Hang, Chiem Hoa, Ham Yen, and Lam Binh, the average flash flood hazard level included districts: Yen Son, Son Duong; Tuyen Quang city has a low risk of flash floods.

scholarly journals Flash Flood Modeling and Mitigation in Arid and Semiarid Basins: Case Studies from Oman and Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-381
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Sameh A. Kantoush ◽  
Mohammed Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Tetsuya Sumi ◽  
Jose Andres Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

AbstractThe behaviors and impacts of flash floods (FF) are different based on the climatic regions. To understand such difference, two case studies were selected for the analysis: Wadi Uday, Oman and Sume Basin, Paraiba, Brazil. The rainfall-runoff inundation model (RRI) was used to simulate the discharge and flood inundation of the recent flood events to understand the severity and frequency of flash floods to better assess the current mitigation measures. The current FF situations in arid and semiarid basins were analyzed, and the hazards associated with flood phenomenon were assessed for various calculated rainfall return periods using RRI model. To this end, a flash flood index (average water depth per total basin area) was calculated as a basis to understand the impact of flash floods. A coupling of this index with the FF histories was included to provide a comprehensive overview of the FF vulnerability of arid and semiarid basins. We concluded that FFs tend to be more severe and extreme in arid regions than in semiarid regions, despite the lower frequency of FFs and the water scarcity in arid regions. Distributed dams also proved to be more effective in preventing FFs in arid regions than in semiarid regions.

scholarly journals A New Modeling Approach for Spatial Prediction of Flash Flood with Biogeography Optimized CHAID Tree Ensemble and Remote Sensing Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Peyman Yariyan ◽  
Mahdis Amiri ◽  
An Dang Tran ◽  
Tien Dat Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Random Subspace ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Inventory Map ◽  
Sar Imagery

Flash floods induced by torrential rainfalls are considered one of the most dangerous natural hazards, due to their sudden occurrence and high magnitudes, which may cause huge damage to people and properties. This study proposed a novel modeling approach for spatial prediction of flash floods based on the tree intelligence-based CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector)random subspace, optimized by biogeography-based optimization (the CHAID-RS-BBO model), using remote sensing and geospatial data. In this proposed approach, a forest of tree intelligence was constructed through the random subspace ensemble, and, then, the swarm intelligence was employed to train and optimize the model. The Luc Yen district, located in the northwest mountainous area of Vietnam, was selected as a case study. For this circumstance, a flood inventory map with 1866 polygons for the district was prepared based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and field surveys with handheld GPS. Then, a geospatial database with ten influencing variables (land use/land cover, soil type, lithology, river density, rainfall, topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, curvature, and aspect) was prepared. Using the inventory map and the ten explanatory variables, the CHAID-RS-BBO model was trained and verified. Various statistical metrics were used to assess the prediction capability of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed CHAID-RS-BBO model yielded the highest predictive performance, with an overall accuracy of 90% in predicting flash floods, and outperformed benchmarks (i.e., the CHAID, the J48-DT, the logistic regression, and the multilayer perception neural network (MLP-NN) models). We conclude that the proposed method can accurately estimate the spatial prediction of flash floods in tropical storm areas.

scholarly journals Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Satellite Images and GIS Tools: A case study of the central High Atlas (Morocco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Fatima El Bchari ◽  
Barbara Theilen-Willige ◽  
Abdellatif Souhel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Central High ◽  
Central High Atlas

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Flash flood is generally defined as a rapid onset of flood with a short duration and a relatively high peak discharge. It occurs rapidly, generally within one hour of rainfall, and sometimes accompanied by landslides, mud flows, bridge collapse, damage to buildings, and fatalities (Hapuarachchi et al., 2011).</p><p> They cause extensive disruptions to a diverse range of living, working, societal, and spatial environments, the raison why they are reported to be one of the deadliest and most expensive natural hazards worldwide.</p><p> Flood damages do not only depend on precipitation amounts but are also a consequence of geomorphological factors and human influences (Maruša et al., 2014) and in this study, the main attention is particularly concentrated on geomorphological factors to flooding. Flash flood events can be characterized by the amount of rain responsible to their occurrences and their duration.</p><p> Leaving aside droughts, floods are one of the most dangerous meteorological hazards in Morocco, followed by wind-/sandstorms, with the largest frequency of occurrence and the largest number of victims (EM-Dat. 2014). Heavy rains often induce floods in Morocco, including flash floods, riverine floods and mud floods during the rainy season (Theilen-Willige, B. 2015). For example, in 2014, The violent storms of 22–30 November 2014, resulted in flash floods and rivers floods in large parts of Southern Morocco. The Guelmim area was the most affected part with at least 32 fatalities and important infrastructure damages. In August 2015 Heavy rain (299m) causes flooding in some area parts of the Geoparc of Mgoun (central High Atlas, Moroco): such as Tllouguit, Zawiat Ahancal,and Ait Bou Guemmez Indeed, this episode affected regional roads, bridges, schools and agricutural infrastractures, water supply and electrical networks and caused several people homeless, 3 deaths and important infrastructure damages.</p><p> The torrential rains caused flooding of Ahancal and Bou Gemmez river and submerging roads and bridges.</p><p> This flooding event rose the question of whether and how remote sensing and GIS tools could be used in an effective manner in order to contribute to a better understanding of the factors leading to this flooding hazard and how to mitigate damage in future by providing maps of areas that have been flooded in the past and areas that are susceptible to flooding due to their morphologic settings during extreme precipitation events.</p><p> The flooding hazard in the High atlas of Azilal region initiated this study in order to investigate the use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) for the detection and identification of areas most likely to be flooded in the future again due to their morphologic properties during similar weather conditions. By combining morphometric analysis of the investigation area involving the quantitative analysis of the landforms based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data (Aster GDEM, SRTM-DEM, ALOS PALSAR-DEM) and visual interpretation based on satellite image. The resulting maps of weighted overlay procedures, aggregating causal, morphometric factors influencing the susceptibility to flooding (lowest height levels, flattest areas), allowed for the distinguishing of areas with higher, medium and lower susceptibility to flooding. Thus, GIS and remote sensing tools contribute to the recognition and mapping of areas and infrastructure prone to flooding in this area.</p><p> Satellite radar data as Sentinel 1, A and B, with acquisition times at or near the flooding events help to identify flooded areas due to the typical mirror-like radar signal reflection of water bodies. Optical satellite data (Sentinel 2, Landsat 8) (often useless during the flooding events because of the cloud cover) taken after flooding events can be used to monitor the traces of flash floods such as sediment accumulation areas or erosional features. Merging this information with infrastructural data in a GIS environment contributes to the detection of flooding hazard prone areas and, thus, to hazard preparedness.</p>

scholarly journals In Pursuit of Flash Flood Data

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Valuable Data

How remote sensing of streams provides valuable data for the characterization, prediction, and warning of impending flash floods.

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