Geomechanical aspects of induced microseismicity during CO2 injection in Illinois Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 823-830
Author(s):  
Nikita Bondarenko ◽  
Sherilyn Williams-Stroud ◽  
Jared Freiburg ◽  
Roman Makhnenko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Illinois Basin ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Geomechanical Characterization ◽  
Fluid Penetration ◽  
Geophysical Log

Carbon sequestration activities are increasing in a global effort to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions on the climate. Injection of wastewater and oil-field fluids is known to induce seismic activity. This makes it important to understand how that risk relates to CO2 injection. Injection of supercritical CO2 into the Cambrian Mt. Simon sandstone in Illinois Basin induced microseismicity that was observed below the reservoir, primarily in the Precambrian crystalline basement. Geomechanical and flow properties of rock samples from the involved formations were measured in the laboratory and compared with geophysical log data and petrographic analysis. The controlling factors for induced microseismicity in the basement seem to be the hydraulic connection between the reservoir and basement rock and reactivation of pre-existing faults or fractures in the basement. Additionally, the presence of a laterally continuous low-permeability layer between reservoir and basement may have prevented downward migration of pore pressure and reactivation of critically stressed planes of weakness in the basement. Results of the geomechanical characterization of this intermediate layer indicate that it may act as an effective barrier for fluid penetration into the basement and that induced microseismicity is likely to be controlled by the pre-existing system of faults. This is because the intact material is not expected to fail under the reservoir stress conditions.

scholarly journals STUDY ON CO2 SOAKING TIME AND �HUFF AND PUFF� INJECTION CYCLE EFFECT IN TIGHT PERMEABILITY RESERVOIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Muslim Abdurrahman ◽  
Fiki H. Ferizal ◽  
Dadan D.S.M. Saputra ◽  
Riri P. Sari
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Injection Cycle

Oil and gas industry is struggling to improve oil production using several methods. CO2 injection is one of the advance proven technology to enhance oil production in numerous oil field in the world. Key parameters during CO2 injection are viscosity reduction and oil swelling which can improve oil production. CO2 injection also has high possibility to be applied in Indonesia's oil fields due to abundant CO2 sources surrounding oil fields. R field is one of reservoir candidates that appropriate for CO2 injection. It has a low pressure and low oil recovery due to low permeability (1-26,2 mD).The CO2 injection technique used in this study was huff and puff that consist of injection, shut in, and production phases. The simulation was conducted using compositional simulator. There were two parameters chosen to be analyzed, which were soaking time and injection cycle. The objective of this study is to know the CO2 huff and puff perfomance for improving oil recovery on low permeability reservoir. The result of the soaking time cases yields optimum condition in 21 days. For the case of injection cycle, the result for optimum condition is in 2 injection cycles. The recovery factor (RF) for both optimum condition reaches 22.96% from the baseline without gas injection (RF 5.82%).

The Application of In-fissure Divert Fracturing Technology in Ultra-low Permeability Oil Field

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyun Song ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Yanpeng Ren ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Weishi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Low Permeability

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Microstructure Analysis for Characterization and Provenance of Ceramic Artifacts from Late Helladic Kastrouli Settlement, Delphi (Central Greece)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vayia Xanthopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Iliopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Liritzis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Local Geology

The present study deals with the characterization of a ceramic assemblage from the Late Mycenaean (Late Helladic III) settlement of Kastrouli, at Desfina near Delphi, Central Greece using various analytical techniques. Kastrouli is located in a strategic position supervising the Mesokampos plateau and the entire peninsula and is related to other nearby coeval settlements. In total 40 ceramic sherds and 8 clay raw materials were analyzed through mineralogical, petrographic and microstructural techniques. Experimental briquettes (DS) made from clayey raw materials collected in the vicinity of Kastrouli, were fired under temperatures (900 and 1050 °C) in oxidizing conditions for comparison with the ancient ceramics. The petrographic analysis performed on thin sections prepared from the sherds has permitted the identification of six main fabric groups and a couple of loners. The aplastic inclusions recognized in all fabric groups but one confirmed the local provenance since they are related to the local geology. Fresh fractures of representative sherds were further examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) helping us to classify them into calcareous (CaO > 6%) and non-calcareous (CaO < 6%) samples (low and high calcium was noted in earlier pXRF data). Here, the ceramic sherds with broad calcium separation are explored on a one-to-one comparison on the basis of detailed mineralogical microstructure. Moreover, their microstructure was studied, aiming to estimate their vitrification stage. The mineralogy of all studied samples was determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), permitting us to test the validity of the firing temperatures revealed by the SEM analysis. The results obtained through the various analytical techniques employed are jointly assessed in order to reveal potters’ technological choices.

Measurements of real non-Newtonian response for liquid lubricants under moderate pressures

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bair
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Power Law Fluid ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

A thorough characterization of all viscous flow properties relevant to steady simple shear was carried out for five liquid lubricants of current interest to tribology. Shear stresses were generated to values significant to concentrated contact lubrication. Two types of non-Newtonian response were observed: shear-thinning as a power-law fluid and near rate-independence. Functions and parameters were obtained for the temperature and pressure dependence of the viscosity and of the time constant for the Carreau-Yasuda equation. Results are consistent with free volume and kinetic theory, but directly contradict many assumptions currently utilized for numerical simulation and for extracting rheological properties from contact measurements.

scholarly journals Surface and Underground Geomechanical Characterization of an Area Affected by Instability Phenomena in Zaruma Mining Zone (Ecuador)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Paúl Carrión-Mero ◽  
Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar ◽  
Fernando Morante-Carballo ◽  
María José Domínguez-Cuesta ◽  
Cristhian Sánchez-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Action Measures ◽  
Geomechanical Characterization ◽  
The City

In the last decade, in the mining district of Zaruma-Portovelo, there has been significant land subsidence related to uncontrolled mining activity. The purpose of this work was to carry out a surface and underground geomechanical characterization of a mining sector north of the city of Zaruma that allows the definition of potentially unstable areas susceptible to the mass movement. The methodology used consists of the following stages: (i) compilation of previous studies; (ii) surface and underground characterization of rocky material to establish its susceptibility to mass movement; (iii) interpretation of results; and (iv) proposal of action measures. Among the most relevant results, it stands out that 26.1% of the 23 stations characterized on the surface present conditions that vary from potentially unstable to unstable. In underground galleries, the studied mean values of the 17 stations indicate that the rock has a medium to good quality, representing a medium susceptibility to gallery destabilization. The results obtained for the surface areas (depths up to 50 m, where altered materials predominate) and the underground areas (depths > 50 m, where the alterations are specific) can be used to identify the areas with a more significant potential for instability. For both cases, it has been possible to define specific monitoring, control, and planning actions for sensitive areas.

Characterization of Chitosan Obtained from Snail Shell (Achatina fulica) and its Excipient Potentials in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro ◽  
Aishat Oyinkansola Salisu ◽  
Ese Mary Iyere ◽  
Olatundun Atoyegbe ◽  
Olutayo Ademola Adeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Tablet Formulations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of the work was to characterize chitosan extracted from snail shell and evaluate its use as a disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan (SC). The mechanical properties were assessed using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The extracted chitosan (EC) was crystalline in nature and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polygonal particles with rough surface. The moisture and swelling capacity was 1.80% and 15.00%, respectively. The densities and flow properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the SC. As a binder, the crushing strength of formulations containing EC was higher than SC, but both formulation failed friability test. There was significant difference between the disintegration times of the metronidazole formulations containing EC and SC as a disintegrant. The result showed that EC is more effective as a binder in tablet formulations. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 31-39, 2021 (June)

2D quantitative analysis of fractures from high-resolution photos for the geomechanical characterization of rock masses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wyser ◽  
Lidia Loiotine ◽  
Charlotte Wolff ◽  
Gioacchino Francesco Andriani ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Discontinuity Sets ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Geomechanical Characterization

&lt;p&gt;The identification of discontinuity sets and their properties is among the key factors for the geomechanical characterization of rock masses, which is fundamental for performing stability analyses, and for planning prevention and mitigation measures as well.&lt;br&gt;In practice, discontinuity data are collected throughout difficult and time-consuming field surveys, especially when dealing with areas of wide extension, difficult accessibility, covered by dense vegetation, or with adverse weather conditions. Consequently, even experienced operators may introduce sampling errors or misinterpretations, leading to biased geomechanical models for the investigated rock mass.&lt;br&gt;In the last decades, new remote techniques such as photogrammetry,&lt;em&gt; Light Detection and Ranging&lt;/em&gt; (LiDAR), &lt;em&gt;Unmanned Aerial Vehicle&lt;/em&gt; (UAV) and &lt;em&gt;InfraRed Thermography &lt;/em&gt;(IRT) have been introduced to overcome the limits of conventional surveys. We propose here a new tool for extracting information on the fracture pattern in rock masses, based on &lt;em&gt;remote sensing &lt;/em&gt;methods, with particular reference to the analysis of high-resolution georeferenced photos. The first step consists in applying the &lt;em&gt;Structure from Motion&lt;/em&gt; (SfM) technique on photos acquired by means of digital cameras and UAV techniques. Once aligned and georeferenced, the orthophotos are exported in a GIS software, to draw the fracture traces at an appropriate scale. We developed a MATLAB routine to extract information on the geostructural setting of rock masses by performing a quantitative 2D analysis of the fracture traces, based on formulas reported in the literature. The code was written by testing few experimental and simple traces and was successively validated on an orthophoto from a real case study.&lt;br&gt;Currently, the script plots the fracture traces as polylines and calculates their orientation (strike) and length. Subsequently, it detects the main discontinuity sets by fitting an experimental composite Gaussian curve on histograms showing the number of discontinuities according to their orientation, and splitting the curve in simpler Gaussian curves, with peaks corresponding to the main discontinuity sets.&lt;br&gt;Then, for each set, a linear scanline intersecting the highest number of traces is plotted, and the apparent and real spacing are calculated. In a second step, a grid of circular scanlines covering the whole area where the traces are located is plotted, and the mean trace intensity, trace density and trace length estimators are calculated.&lt;br&gt;It is expected to test the presented tools on other case studies, in order to optimize them and calculate additional metrics, such as persistence and block sizes, useful to the geomechanical characterization of rock masses.&lt;br&gt;As a future perspective, a similar approach could be investigated for 3D analyses from point clouds.&lt;/p&gt;

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