Protection by selenium of lead-acetate-induced alterations on rat submandibular gland function

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdollahi ◽  
N Rahmat-Jirdeh ◽  
K Soltaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Rat Submandibular Gland

Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally by micro polyethylene cannulation of anaesthetized rats using pilocarpine as a secretagogue. Twenty-four days treatment with lead acetate 0.05% in drinking water altered salivary function. Except for flow rate that was (P <0.01) increased by lead acetate, the reminder of parameters, concentrations of total protein and calcium and the activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in submandibular secretions were decreased significantly (P< 0.01) by lead acetate. Selenium (2.5 mg 1-l) in drinking water for 24 days did not induce any significant change in saliva secretory function. Pretreatment by selenium, prevented the lead acetate-induced decrease of NAG activity and concentrations of calcium and protein (P<0.01). The increased flow rate by lead acetate was also affected by selenium pretreatment and reached the level of control. It is concluded that selenium can protect rat submandibular gland function from lead-acetate-induced adverse effects. Properties of selenium as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger and maintenance of cell membrane integrity may be possible mechanisms of its protective effects.

Melatonin reduces high levels of lipid peroxidation induced by potassium iodate in porcine thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Iwan ◽  
Jan Stepniak ◽  
Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

Abstract. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Under normal iodine supply, calculated physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid is approx. 9 mM. Either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3) are used in iodine prophylaxis. KI is confirmed as absolutely safe. KIO3 possesses chemical properties suggesting its potential toxicity. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Study aims: to evaluate potential protective effects of melatonin against oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) induced by KI or KIO3 in porcine thyroid. Homogenates of twenty four (24) thyroids were incubated in presence of either KI or KIO3 without/with melatonin (5 mM). As melatonin was not effective against KI-induced LPO, in the next step only KIO3 was used. Homogenates were incubated in presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25 mM) without/with melatonin or 17ß-estradiol. Five experiments were performed with different concentrations of melatonin (5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 1.0; 0.625 mM) and one with 17ß-estradiol (1.0 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. KIO3 increased LPO with the strongest damaging effect (MDA + 4-HDA level: ≈1.28 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) revealed at concentrations of around 15 mM, thus corresponding to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Melatonin reduced LPO (MDA + 4-HDA levels: from ≈0.97 to ≈0,76 and from ≈0,64 to ≈0,49 nmol/mg protein, p < 0.05) induced by KIO3 at concentrations of 10 mM or 7.5 mM. Conclusion: Melatonin can reduce very strong oxidative damage to membrane lipids caused by KIO3 used in doses resulting in physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid.

scholarly journals Effect of Trigonella Foenum against Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
A I Barakat ◽  
EH Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

Background Nephrotoxicity is a complication due to the effect of some toxic chemicals on kidney. Current study planned to screen the effect of Trigonella foenumaqueous seeds extracts on EDTA induced nephrotoxicity. Trigonella foenum known for its various medicinal properties is also a natural antioxidant and a free radical scavenger with no documented evidence as a nephron-protective agent. Objective To investigate the protective effects of aqueous seed extracts of Trigonella foenum. Material and Methods The present study was used 40 male albino rats (Rattus albinus) with weight of (150 ± 10) g with divided into four groups: control gp; EDTA gp (95 mg/kg); Trigonella foenum gp (500 mg/kg) and EDTA + Trigonella f oenum gp by gastric tube daily for 4 weeks. Blood urea, creatinine, GFR, creatinine clearance, MDA and GPx analyses and microscopic examination of kidney were performed. Results In the present study, Blood samples were taken from all groups and concentration of serum urea, creatinine, GFR, Creatinine clearance, MDA and GPx were determined. Histopathological observations were observed in kidney tissue. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). EDTA induced an increase in urea and creatinine as well as there was a decrease in the concentration of GFR and creatinine clearance. The level of MDA was increase while the concentration of GPx was decrease in the serum of EDTA group. The aqueous extracts of Trigonella seeds significantly prevented renal damage by normalizing increased levels of renal markers. The correction of oxidative stress biomarkers was consistent with amelioration of the histopathological changes induced by EDTA. Hence, it is suggested that ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of Trigonella foenumagainst EDTA induced nephrotoxicity. Conclusion The present data suggest that aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum exhibits reno-protective effect in EDTA induced renal damage.

Alpha-lipoic acid improves acute deltamethrin-induced toxicity in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania H. Abdou ◽  
Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tissue Lipid Peroxidation

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural dithiol compound, with a free radical scavenger and biological antioxidant properties. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of ALA on biochemical alteration and oxidative stress induced by acute deltamethrin intoxication in rats. Markers of liver and kidney injuries in serum of deltamethrin-intoxicated as well as ALA-pretreated rats were analyzed. Moreover, serum and (or) tissue lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde and antioxidant markers, reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. The results showed that all parameters were altered in the intoxicated group, indicating hepatorenal oxidative damage of deltamethrin. Pre-treatment with ALA reversed the changes in most of the studied parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological and biochemical findings were parallel. It can be concluded that ALA may be a promising therapeutic option for prevention and (or) treatment of deltamethin toxicity.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Melatonin Treatment before and after Brain Ischemic Injury in the Inflammatory and Apoptotic Response in Aged Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rancan ◽  
Sergio Paredes ◽  
Cruz García ◽  
Pablo González ◽  
Cruz Rodríguez-Bobada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Brain Ischemic Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Factor Α

Aging is associated with an increase in stroke risk. Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger and broad spectrum antioxidant, has been shown to counteract inflammation and apoptosis in brain injury. However, little is known on the possible protective effects of melatonin in aged individuals affected by brain ischemia. Also, using melatonin before or after an ischemic stroke may result in significantly different molecular outcomes. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of pre-ischemia vs. post-ischemia melatonin administration in an ischemic lesion in the cortex and hippocampus of senescent Wistar rats. An obstruction of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to 18-month-old animals was performed. In general, animals treated with melatonin from 24 h prior to surgery until 7 days after the surgical procedure (PrevT) experienced a significant decrease in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) in both cortex and hippocampus, while hippocampal levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) increased. Treatment of animals with melatonin only after surgery (AT) resulted in similar effects, but to a lesser extent than in the PrevT group. In any case, melatonin acted as a valuable therapeutic agent protecting aged animals from the harmful effects of cerebral infarction.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic and antirecombinagenic activities of noni fruit juice in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO P. FRANCHI ◽  
NILZA N. GUIMARAES ◽  
LAISE R. DE ANDRADE ◽  
HELOISA H.R. DE ANDRADE ◽  
MAURICIO LEHMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Induced Mutant

Noni, a Hawaiian name for the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., is a traditional medicinal plant from Polynesia widely used for the treatment of many diseases including arthritis, diabetes, asthma, hypertension and cancer. Here, a commercial noni juice (TNJ) was evaluated for its protective activities against the lesions induced by mitomycin C (MMC) and doxorrubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day-old larvae, trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers (mwh and flr3 ), were co-treated with TNJ plus MMC or DXR. We have observed a reduction in genotoxic effects of MMC and DXR caused by the juice. TNJ provoked a marked decrease in all kinds of MMC- and DXR-induced mutant spots, mainly due to its antirecombinagenic activity. The TNJ protective effects were concentration-dependent, indicating a dose-response correlation, that can be attributed to a powerful antioxidant and/or free radical scavenger ability of TNJ.

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