A systematic review of the effects of nicotine replacement therapy on agitation among nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients

AimsThis systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) on measures of agitation amongst nicotine-dependent adult psychiatric inpatients.BackgroundSince the introduction of the smoke-free policy for all psychiatric facilities, a psychiatric admission is likely to upset a nicotine-dependent individual's normal routine of nicotine consumption. In addition to the physiological effects of nicotine withdrawal (NW), the interpersonal dynamic which nurse-led guardianship of nicotine products constructs presents stressors to the nicotine dependent patient.Several systematic reviews evaluating changes in objective measures of agitation amongst smoking patients in medical critical care units have found varied results, with some demonstrating worsening agitation with NRT use. We therefore believe that there is sufficient equipoise in the use of NRT to prompt a review of studies amongst psychiatric inpatients.MethodThis review identified English language studies through developed search strategies in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PyschINFO, PSYCHLit, Cochrane databases, and Google scholar. The bibliographies of notable papers were explored. Hand searches of five major psychiatric journals were conducted. Peer reviewed studies of any study design were included if they reported primary data of adult psychiatric inpatients. Studies were extracted from 1990 – present, this was felt appropriate as nicotine replacement patches became available in 1992.Search strategies were informed by MeSH search terms and included multiple conceptions of “agitation”, including variations on; agitation, irritability, and arousal to capture the concept from broad academic constructions. The quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochrane Collaboration tools.This review follows PRISMA guidelines, and an application for PROSPERO registration has been submitted pending acceptance.ResultTwo studies were identified which matched inclusion criteria. A double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial of 40 nicotine-dependent inpatients from Allen et al. reported a significant 23% reduction in Agitated Behaviour Scores at 24 hours following NRT administration on admission compared to their matched placebo controls. Yet a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from Okoli using scores for NW identified more severe withdrawal symptoms including “restlessness” and “anger/irritability” than nicotine-dependent patients not provided with NRT.ConclusionDespite considerable commentary within literature there is presently only one study providing moderate evidence of a positive benefit to measures of agitated behaviour from the use of NRT amongst nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients. There is currently very low evidence whether NRT improves or exacerbates the agitation associated with NW amongst nicotine-dependent psychiatric inpatients.

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User involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018800 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e018800

Author(s):

Petter Viksveen ◽

Stig Erlend Bjønness ◽

Siv Hilde Berg ◽

Nicole Elizabeth Cardenas ◽

Julia Rose Game ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Research Evidence ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

User Involvement ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Research Literature ◽

Primary Data ◽

Evaluation Approach

IntroductionUser involvement has become a growing importance in healthcare. The United Nations state that adolescents have a right to be heard, and user involvement in healthcare is a legal right in many countries. Some research provides an insight into the field of user involvement in somatic and mental healthcare for adults, but little is known about user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare, and no overview of the existing research evidence exists.Methods and analysisThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of existing research reporting on experiences with and the effectiveness and safety issues associated with user involvement for adolescents’ mental healthcare at the individual and organisational level. A systematic literature search and assessment of published research in the field of user involvement in adolescents’ mental healthcare will be carried out. Established guidelines will be used for data extraction (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)), critical appraisal (Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary) and reporting of results (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and CASP). Confidence in the research evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Adolescents are included as coresearchers for the planning and carrying out of this systematic review. This systematic review will provide an overview of the existing research literature and thereby fill a knowledge gap. It may provide various stakeholders, including decision-makers, professionals, individuals and their families, with an overview of existing knowledge in an underexplored field of research.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review as we are not collecting primary data. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with stakeholder groups.

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Associations of Sedentary Time with Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8508

Author(s):

Abdullah Bandar Alansare ◽

Lauren C. Bates ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Christopher E. Kline ◽

Elizabeth Nagle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Heart Rate ◽

English Language ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Observational Design ◽

Substantial Heterogeneity

Purpose: To evaluate if sedentary time (ST) is associated with heart rate (HR) and variability (HRV) in adults. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Google Scholar through June 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational design, humans, adults, English language, ST as the exposure, resting HR/HRV as the outcome, and (meta-analysis only) availability of the quantitative association with variability. After qualitative synthesis, meta-analysis used inverse variance heterogeneity models to estimate pooled associations. Results: Thirteen and eight articles met the criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All studies were cross-sectional and few used gold standard ST or HRV assessment methodology. The qualitative synthesis suggested no associations between ST and HR/HRV. The meta-analysis found a significant association between ST and HR (β = 0.24 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.10, 0.37) that was stronger in males (β = 0.36 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.19, 0.53). Pooled associations between ST and HRV indices were non-significant (p > 0.05). Substantial heterogeneity was detected. Conclusions: The limited available evidence suggests an unfavorable but not clinically meaningful association between ST and HR, but no association with HRV. Future longitudinal studies assessing ST with thigh-based monitoring and HRV with electrocardiogram are needed.

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The effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-926978/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pathmanathan Cinthuja ◽

Nidhya Krishnamoorthy ◽

Gamalendira Shivapatham

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Lower Limb ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Booster Sessions

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that severely effects work life balance impacting psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. Physiotherapy exercise is one of the intervention methods for the management of OA. Adherence to the exercise by patients is essential for the effective management of OA. Objectives: To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis and to report the effective method to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Design: Systematic review Methods: PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The date of data extraction was 04 September 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature search, assessed eligibility, extracted data, conducted methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and conducted risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented; preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review was used to report the review. The study protocol was registered in the Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653). Results: The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for the short term (less than six months or 12 months). There were no significant differences, long-term adherence with different methods, reported. The results indicate that booster sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for the exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness, function, show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences reported. Conclusion: The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis. However, a number of high-quality studies are inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with osteoarthritis. Key terms: Osteoarthritis, Long term, Exercise adherence

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What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 807-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Charlie Foster ◽

Paul Kelly ◽

Hamish A B Reid ◽

Nia Roberts ◽

Elaine M Murtagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mass Media ◽

English Language ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Population Level ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Community Initiatives ◽

School Based ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveInterventions to promote walking have focused on individual or group-based approaches, often via the randomised controlled trial design. Walking can also be promoted using population health approaches. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of population approaches to promote walking among individuals and populations.DesignA systematic review.Data sources10 electronic databases searched from January 1990 to March 2017.Eligibility criteriaEligibility criteria include pre-experimental and postexperimental studies of the effects of population interventions to change walking, and the effects must have been compared with a ‘no intervention’, or comparison group/area/population, or variation in exposure; duration of ≥12 months of follow up; participants in free-living populations; and English-language articles.Results12 studies were identified from mostly urban high-income countries (one focusing on using tax, incentivising the loss of parking spaces; and one using policy only, permitting off-leash dogs in city parks). Five studies used mass media with either environment (n=2) or community (n=3) approaches. Four studies used environmental changes that were combined with policies. One study had scaled up school-based approaches to promote safe routes to schools. We found mass media, community initiatives and environmental change approaches increased walking (range from 9 to 75 min/week).

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Do Electronic Medical Records Improve Advance Directive Documentation? A Systematic Review

American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® ◽

10.1177/1049909118796191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher Lemon ◽

Michael De Ridder ◽

Mohamed Khadra

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Electronic Medical Records ◽

Medical Records ◽

Planning Process ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Decision Aids ◽

Automatic Identification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Identification Software

Background: Documentation rates of advance directives (ADs) remain low. Using electronic medical records (EMRs) could help, but a synthesis of evidence is currently lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the evidence for using EMRs in documenting ADs and its implications for overcoming challenges associated with their use. Design: Systematic review of articles in English, published from inception of databases to December 2017. Data Sources: PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Methods/Measurements: Four databases were searched from inception to December 2017. Randomized and nonrandomized quantitative studies examining the effects of EMRs on creation, storage, or use of ADs were included. All featured an advance care planning process. Evidence was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk assessment tool. Results: Fifteen studies were included: 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 randomized pilot, 4 pre–post studies, 4 cross-sectional studies, 1 retrospective cohort study, 1 historical control study, 1 retrospective observational study, 1 retrospective review, and 1 evaluation of an EMR feature. Seven studies showed that EMR-based reminders, AD templates, and decision aids can improve AD documentation rates. Three demonstrated that EMR search functions, decision aids, and automatic identification software can help identify patients who have or need ADs according to certain criteria. Five showed EMRs can create documentation challenges, including locating ADs, and making some patients more likely than others to have an AD. Most studies had an unclear or high risk of bias. Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests EMRs could be used to help address AD documentation challenges but may also create additional problems. Stronger evidence is needed to more conclusively determine how EMR may assist in population approaches to improving AD documentation.

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Global epidemiology ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaein infertile populations: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025808 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e025808 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiam Chemaitelly ◽

Manale Harfouche ◽

Karel Blondeel ◽

Thabo Christopher Matsaseng ◽

James Kiarie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Random Effect ◽

Health Sector ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Primary Data ◽

Free Text ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Global Epidemiology ◽

Scientific Meetings ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionA key target of the WHO’s ‘Global Health Sector Strategy on sexually transmitted infections, 2016–2021’ is achieving 90% reduction inNeisseria gonorrhoeae(gonorrhoea for short) incidence globally by 2030. Though untreated, gonorrhoea has been linked to infertility, the epidemiology of this infection in infertile populations remains poorly understood and somewhat a neglected area of reproductive health. Our proposed systematic review aims to fill this gap by characterising comprehensively gonorrhoea infection in infertile populations globally.Methods and analysisAll available studies of gonorrhoea infection in infertile populations, including infertility clinic attendees, will be systematically reviewed informed by Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Findings will be reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data sources will be searched using broad index terms exploded to cover all subheadings and free text terms with no language or year restriction. Any epidemiological measure in infertile populations based on primary data will be eligible for inclusion. Measures based on different assay types will be extracted as separate studies for different analyses. Only one biospecimen type per assay type will be considered based on a predefined priority order. Samples including fewer than 10 participants or assessing infection in the upper genital tract will be excluded. Quality assessments will be conducted for all measures included in the review. Meta-analyses will be implemented using DerSimonian-Laird random effect models to estimate the mean prevalence of gonorrhoea in infertile populations globally, and stratified by WHO region, assay type, sex, infertility type, infertility diagnosis, among other factors. Detailed heterogeneity assessment will be performed, and potential sources of between-study heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression. Review will be conducted from 26 March 2018 to 28 July 2019.Ethics and disseminationAn institutional review board clearance is not required as all data are publicly available. The findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and international scientific meetings/workshops with key stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018102934

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Built to last? The sustainability of health system improvements, interventions and change strategies: a study protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018568 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e018568 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeffrey Braithwaite ◽

Luke Testa ◽

Gina Lamprell ◽

Jessica Herkes ◽

Kristiana Ludlow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health System ◽

Health Systems ◽

Full Text ◽

English Language ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Change Strategies ◽

Screening Process ◽

Sustainable Health

IntroductionThe sustainability of healthcare interventions and change programmes is of increasing importance to researchers and healthcare stakeholders interested in creating sustainable health systems to cope with mounting stressors. The aim of this protocol is to extend earlier work and describe a systematic review to identify, synthesise and draw meaning from studies published within the last 5 years that measure the sustainability of interventions, improvement efforts and change strategies in the health system.Methods and analysisThe protocol outlines a method by which to execute a rigorous systematic review. The design includes applying primary and secondary data collection techniques, consisting of a comprehensive database search complemented by contact with experts, and searching secondary databases and reference lists, using snowballing techniques. The review and analysis process will occur via an abstract review followed by a full-text screening process. The inclusion criteria include English-language, peer-reviewed, primary, empirical research articles published after 2011 in scholarly journals, for which the full text is available. No restrictions on location will be applied. The review that results from this protocol will synthesise and compare characteristics of the included studies. Ultimately, it is intended that this will help make it easier to identify and design sustainable interventions, improvement efforts and change strategies.Ethics and disseminationAs no primary data were collected, ethical approval was not required. Results will be disseminated in conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and among policymaker bodies interested in creating sustainable health systems.

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Surge Capacity of Hospitals in Emergencies and Disasters With a Preparedness Approach: A Systematic Review

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2016.178 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 612-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri ◽

Ahmad Reza Raeisi ◽

Mahmood Nekoei-moghadam ◽

Fatemeh Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Disaster Preparedness ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Basic Element ◽

Main Concern ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surge Capacity ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Hospital Preparedness

AbstractObjectiveSurge capacity is one of the most important components of hospital preparedness for responding to emergencies and disasters. The ability to provide health and medical care during a sudden increase in the number of patients or victims of disasters is a main concern of hospitals. We aimed to perform a systematic review of hospital surge capacity in emergencies and disasters with a preparedness approach.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words “surge,” “surge capacity,” “preparedness,” “hospital emergency department,” “hospital,” “surge capability,” “emergency,” “hazard,” “disaster,” “catastrophe,” “crisis,” and “tragedy” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. The Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Pro Quest, and Wiley databases were searched.ResultsA total of 1008 articles were extracted and 17 articles were selected for final review of surge capacity based on the objective of the study. Seventeen studies (1 randomized controlled trial, 2 qualitative studies, and 14 cross-sectional studies) investigated the surge capacity of hospitals in emergencies and disasters to evaluate the best evidence to date. The results of selected articles indicated that there are various ways to increase the capacity of hospitals in 4 domains: staff, stuff, structure, and system.ConclusionSurge capacity is a basic element of disaster preparedness programs. Results of the current study could help health field managers in hospitals to prepare for capacity-building based on surge capacity components to improve and promote hospital preparedness programs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:612–620)

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Binge drinking in young people: protocol for a systematic review of neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023629 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e023629 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Briana Lees ◽

Louise Mewton ◽

Lexine Stapinski ◽

Lindsay M Squeglia ◽

Caroline Rae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young People ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

IntroductionBinge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol use among young people in Western countries. Adolescence and young adulthood is a vulnerable developmental period and binge drinking during this time has a higher potential for neurotoxicity and interference with ongoing neural and cognitive development. The purpose of this systematic review will be to assess and integrate evidence of the impact of binge drinking on cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10–24 years. Cross-sectional studies will synthesise the aberrations associated with binge drinking, while longitudinal studies will distinguish the cognitive and neural antecedents from the cognitive and neural effects that are a consequence of binge drinking.Methods and analysisA total of five peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO, ProQuest) will be systematically searched and the search period will include all studies published prior to 1 April 2018. The search terms will be a combination of MeSH keywords that are based on previous relevant reviews. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and study quality will be assessed using The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All studies will be screened against eligibility criteria designed to synthesise studies that examined a young binge drinking sample and used neuropsychological, neurophysiological or neuroimaging assessment techniques. Studies will be excluded if participants were significantly involved in other substances or if they had been clinically diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder, or any psychiatric, neurological or pharmacological condition. If available data permits, a meta-analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and social media.Trial registration numberInternational Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number: CRD42018086856.

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Influence of Parental Mindful Eating Practices on Child Emotional Eating: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 396-396

Author(s):

Caroline Brantley ◽

Linda Knol ◽

Joy Douglas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

English Language ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Quality Data ◽

Mindful Eating ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eating Practices

Abstract Objectives Parents and caregivers shape the social and environmental factors that influence a child's intake and eating behaviors. Parental feeding practices may lead to recurring emotional eating in the child. Mindful eating practices may decrease emotional eating behaviors in adults and adolescents. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of parental mindful eating on emotional eating behaviors of their children and adolescents. A second purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether parental or child participation in a mindful eating intervention improves emotional eating among children. Methods This review (PROSPERO 168,265) was conducted utilizing EBSCOhost to search five databases. The search was limited to full-text, peer-reviewed studies in the English language from 2014–2020. Studies included must have evaluated parental mindful eating and child emotion- or stress-related eating. Studies were excluded if parents were not involved and mindful eating/feeding/or parenting and child emotional eating were not measured. Authors used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. The process identified seven studies. Results Among the four cross-sectional studies, parental mindful eating/feeding/parenting skills were either directly or indirectly related to decreased emotional eating in the child or adolescent. However, the effect was unclear among the experimental studies. Most of these studies were pilot feasibility studies. Measures of mindful and emotional eating differed across studies. Conclusions Parental mindful eating may improve emotional eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate parent mindful eating interventions on child and adolescent eating behaviors. Future trials need to use similar validated measures to ensure consistent quality data collection and allow for comparison of findings across studies. Funding Sources N/A.

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