Familial Relationships of Allusive Thinking in University Students and Their Parents

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (514) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McConaghy ◽  
M. Clancy
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Rapaport (1945) was the first worker to advance evidence that at least two types of formal thought disorder contributed to the disturbance of thinking found in schizophrenia; and furthermore that neither of these types of thinking was specific to schizophrenia. Rapaport administered the Bolles Goldstein Object Sorting Test to 217 psychiatric patients and to a control group of 54 patrolmen. He found that schizophrenics showed a tendency to function more at a concrete level and less at an abstract conceptual level, as described first by Vigotsky (1934). This tendency was also shown by depressives and by persons who were not mentally ill but had a poor cultural background.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Type II Schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. B. Davis ◽  
Milind Borde ◽  
L. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Cognitive impairment, negative and positive symptoms, primitive release reflexes, and age/temporal disorientation were assessed in 20 male patients meeting the DSM–III–R criteria for chronic schizophrenia and Schooler & Kane's criteria for TD. The control group comprised 20 age-matched male chronic schizophrenic patients without TD. Significant associations were found between TD, cognitive impairment, some negative symptoms, and formal thought disorder. These associations were independent of other illness and treatment variables. The severity of TD correlated significantly with that of cognitive impairment.

Assessing risk of violence: are only forensic patients aggressive?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 798-798
Author(s):  
S.S. Vladejic ◽  
S.D. Vladejic ◽  
I.N. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Significant Difference

Society has cherished its fear of psychiatrically ill over the ages. This fear is even more present if concerning mentally ill persons which have already shown socially unacceptable behaviour, or committed serious criminal act before, i.e. murder or rape. This kind of criminal acts, regardless of it's every - day presence in all social groups, gets all the media attention. It is a fact that there are no valid data regarding the rate of criminal activity among psychiatric patients and the percentage of that activity compared with «normal» population, nor can we find the information about the rate of recidivism in these two social groups. But, it is also a fact that criminality of mentally ill stays stabile trough the years, as well as that some diagnostic categories are more vulnerable for demonstrating violent behavior.The purpose of this study was to compare aggressiveness between two groups of patients: patients conducting security measures and control group - patients hospitalized because of exacerbation of psychosis. The study included 40 patients on security measures and 40 patients from control group, diagnosed according to ICD 10 diagnostic criteria. Risk of violence was assessed using instruments of clinical assessment: OAS, PCL:SV and HCR - 20 Scale, at the admission of patients. The results of statistical analysis are that there is no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding the violent behavior and risk for violence in the future. Two diagnostic categories are prominent in showing aggressive behavior: paranoid psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia.

Relationship between Severity of Illness and Overinclusive Thinking in Schizophrenia

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Robert J. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Psychotic Reaction ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Meaningful Research ◽  
Reaction Profile

40 chronic schizophrenics were tested on 3 measures of overinclusive thinking, i.e., Epstein's test, proverbs and the Object Sorting Test, and then were rated for severity of illness with the Psychotic Reaction Profile. The results showed that severity of illness can be a significant source of variance in assessing schizophrenic thought disorder. Overinclusive thinking is not merely a trait evinced by schizophrenics irregardless of subject variable or stimulus elements. Failure to consider these factors in research designs may obscure the results of potentially meaningful research.

Shoplifting in the Mentally Ill: The role of bipolar affective disorder and mental retardation

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Y Cheng ◽  
Candy Lin ◽  
Marcella L Y Fok ◽  
Chi-Ming Leung
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Department

This study explores shoplifting behaviour in mentally ill patients, and evaluates the association between shoplifting and different mental illnesses in a local Chinese population. A comparison is made between shoplifting offenders and a matched control group of non-offenders among the psychiatric patients registered at a university department of psychiatry. Major depression, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and mental retardation (MR) are the most common diagnoses among mentally ill shoplifters, while patients with a diagnosis of BAD or MR are at higher risk of committing an offence than patients with other diagnoses. Bipolar affective disorder has not been described as a risk factor for shoplifting behaviour in the psychiatric literature. Such a possibility should be seriously considered in the psychiatric assessment of shoplifting cases.

scholarly journals Formal thought disorder in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsime Demjaha ◽  
Sara Weinstein ◽  
Daniel Stahl ◽  
Fern Day ◽  
Lucia Valmaggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Ultra High Risk

BackgroundFormal thought disorder is a cardinal feature of psychosis. However, the extent to which formal thought disorder is evident in ultra-high-risk individuals and whether it is linked to the progression to psychosis remains unclear.AimsExamine the severity of formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants and its association with future psychosis.MethodThe Thought and Language Index (TLI) was used to assess 24 ultra-high-risk participants, 16 people with first-episode psychosis and 13 healthy controls. Ultra-high-risk individuals were followed up for a mean duration of 7 years (s.d.=1.5) to determine the relationship between formal thought disorder at baseline and transition to psychosis.ResultsTLI scores were significantly greater in the ultra-high-risk group compared with the healthy control group (effect size (ES)=1.2), but lower than in people with first-episode psychosis (ES=0.8). Total and negative TLI scores were higher in ultra-high-risk individuals who developed psychosis, but this was not significant. Combining negative TLI scores with attenuated psychotic symptoms and basic symptoms predicted transition to psychosis (P=0.04; ES=1.04).ConclusionsTLI is beneficial in evaluating formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants, and complements existing instruments for the evaluation of psychopathology in this group.

Obtaining Informed Consent for Research: A Model for Use with Participants Who Are Mentally Ill

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman G. Poythress
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The One ◽  
Ongoing Concern

An issue of ongoing concern to clinical investigators, medical ethicists, and institutional review board (IRB) members is the problem of obtaining informed consent in research that involves people with mental illness as research participants. Although the presence of a mental disorder per se does not render a person incapable of giving informed consent, some individuals afflicted with significant cognitive impairment, formal thought disorder, substantial anxiety or depression, or a variety of other symptoms may be impaired in their capacity to comprehend consent disclosures and therefore to exercise consent to research participation in a competent manner.The stakes surrounding this informed consent issue are significant. On the one hand, the inclusion in research of participants who are not capable of giving informed consent may result in their exposure to unwarranted risks and significant harm. These concerns may be exacerbated in certain clinical trials in which patients are required to discontinue their medications during “washout periods” at the onset of a study, or are randomly assigned to a placebo treatment and remain off medication for (potentially) extended periods.

scholarly journals Language Use of Patients With Schizophrenia: An Analysis of Sentential Negation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Vural ◽  
Gülmira Kuruoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Thought Disorders ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
First Descriptions

Since the first descriptions of schizophrenia, language disturbances have been referred to as formal thought disorder (Boer et. al, 2020). Within this context in this study we analyzed sentential negation in the speech of the patients with schizophrenia to find out whether psychopathology and thought disorders of the patients affect the language use. 50 patients with schizophrenia and 50 healthy subjects were included into the study. The results showed negative and affirmative sentences used by the patients were significantly different from the control group. We hypothesized that psychopathology of the patients with schizophrenia plays a central role in language use. At the end of the study patients were concluded to reflect their negative thoughts in thier speech and use more negative sentences.

Dichotic listening and allusive thinking

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
M. S. Armstrong ◽  
A. P. Blaszczynski ◽  
N. McConaghy
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Dichotic Stimulation ◽  
Attentional Process ◽  
Central Inhibition ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

SynopsisPrevious work suggests that allusive thinkers have a broader attentional process associated with weak central inhibition. The method of dichotic stimulation was used to investigate this concept. Sixty-three university students completed a battery of tests including 2 dichotic listening tasks. The Object Sorting Test was used as a measure of allusive thinking.Allusive thinkers showed a trend towards impaired shadowing performance. Mislabelling of shadow as distractor words andvice versa, on recall and recognition tasks, showed the strongest correlation with allusive thinking. Such mislabelling was considered to reflect impaired discrimination learning, and provides further support for a hypothesis relating allusive thinking to weak Pavlovian central inhibition.

Allusive thinking, the Word Halo and verbosity

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Armstrong ◽  
N. McConaghy
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

SynopsisThe concept of allusive thinking is briefly reviewed and a Pavlovian model of thinking advanced. It is hypothesized that allusive, as compared with non-allusive thinkers, have a broader but less intense attention process associated with weaker inhibition. From this model it was predicted that on word tests which require judgements of similarity of meaning, allusive thinkers would tend to choose more remote or unusual words as similar in meaning.The Word Halo Test and the Word Sorting Test were administered to 63 university students using the Object Sorting Test as a measure of allusive thinking. The prediction that allusive thinkers would choose more unusual words as similar in meaning was supported. A tendency for allusive thinkers to be more verbose than non-allusive thinkers was also noted.

scholarly journals Thought Disorder on Object Sorting Test Is Associated with Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762094119
Author(s):  
BR Sahithya ◽  
Shweta Rai ◽  
Rishikesh V. Behere
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Object Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Background: Thought disorder is considered to be central to the core disturbances in schizophrenia and was described by Goldstein as aberrant “concept formation.” Executive dysfunction is another core deficit in schizophrenia. With a greater emphasis on psychopathology in nosological systems, the classical thought disorder receives less prominence. The present study aimed to understand the association between classical thought disorder (aberrant concept formation and concrete abstraction) and executive dysfunction. Methods: Thirty patients with schizophrenia and thirty healthy subjects, matched on age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status, were screened using MINI 5.0, following which they were assessed on object sorting test (OST) and selected tests for executive functions (EFs). Results: Individuals with schizophrenia were found to have significantly decreased performance on all domains of EFs and OST. Total peculiar scores on OST were significantly associated with mental speed, focused attention, and divided attention. Total impoverished scores on OST was significantly associated with focused attention, sustained attention, planning, set shifting, perseveration, and concept formation. Conclusion: Several correlations, among performance on OST and neuropsychological tests, suggest that patterns of responses on OST can point to underlying executive dysfunction. Both thought disorder and executive dysfunction mirror similar constructs. This similarity represents a conceptual bridge between the classical and contemporary descriptions of the core deficits in schizophrenia.

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