A Danish Twin Study of Manic-Depressive Disorders

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bertelsen ◽  
B. Harvald ◽  
M. Hauge
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Danish Twin

SummaryThe existence of a nation-wide twin register and central psychiatric register has made possible a catamnestic investigation of an unselected and representative sample of twins with manic-depressive disorders.From a total population of 11,288 same-sexed twin pairs born 1870–1920 in Denmark 126 probands from no pairs were ascertained. Among the co-twins of 69 monozygotic probands there were found 46 with manic-depressive disorders, and a further 14 had presented other psychoses or marked affective personality disorders or had committed suicide, yielding a proband rate of strict concordance, C1 = 0·67 and of broad, partial concordance, C2 = 0·87. The corresponding direct pairwise concordance rates were 32/55 = 0·58 and 46/55 = 0·84 respectively. For the dizygotic twins the proband concordance rate of C1 was 11/54 = 0·20 and of C2 20/54 = 0·37, and the direct pairwise rates were 9/52 = 0·17 and 18/52 = 0·35 respectively. The differences between the pairwise rates for the monozygotic and dizygotic twins are significant (P < 0·001 at χ2 analysis). This finding is in accordance with previous twin studies of manic-depressive disorders and confirms the evidence of a strong genetic factor. The concordance with respect to unipolar and bipolar forms was not in contradiction to recent evidence of a genetic difference between the bipolar and unipolar form, the latter probably related to the female sex.

Concurrent Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis in Monozygous Twins Suffering from CNS Disorder

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (571) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert West
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monozygous Twins

Twin studies and investigations into the relationship between schizophrenia-like psychosis and cerebral dysfunction are of considerable interest. Refinement in twin studies has led to less emphasis being placed upon the genetic factor, but the pitfalls surrounding twin techniques, especially with regard to monozygous pairs and the similarity of their environment, have led Penrose (1971) to the opinion that twin study ‘is especially useful, not for genetical researches but in assessing the effects of environmental influences which lead to discordance in identical twin pairs'.

Evidence of a genetic factor in migraine with aura: A population-based Danish twin study

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Ulrich ◽  
Morten Gervil ◽  
Kirsten O. Kyvik ◽  
Jes Olesen ◽  
Michael B. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Danish Twin

Current Twin Studies in Germany: Report on CoSMoS, SOEP, and ChronoS

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
Juliana Gottschling ◽  
Frank M. Spinath
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Status ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Combined Data

This article summarizes the status of three recent German twin studies: CoSMoS, SOEP, and ChronoS. The German twin study on Cognitive Ability, Self-Reported Motivation, and School Achievement (CoSMoS) is a three-wave longitudinal study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together, and aims to investigate predictors of and influences on school performance. In the first wave of the data collection in 2005, 408 pairs of twins aged between 7 and 11 as well as their parents participated in CoSMoS. The SOEP twin study is an extended twin study, which has combined data from monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together with additional data from full sibling pairs, mother–child, and grandparent–child dyads who participated in the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) study. The SOEP twin project comprises about 350 twin and 950 non-twin pairs aged between 17 and 70. Data were collected between 2009 and 2010, with a focus on personality traits, wellbeing, education, employment, income, living situation, life-satisfaction, and several attitudes. The aim of the Chronotype twin study (ChronoS) was to examine genetic and environmental influences on chronotype (morningness and eveningness), coping strategies, and several aspects of the previous SOEP twin project in a sample of 301 twin pairs aged between 19 and 76 years, recruited in 2010 and 2011. Part of the ChronoS twin sample also participated in the earlier SOEP twin study, representing a second wave of assessments. We briefly describe the design and contents of these three studies as well as selected recent findings.

The First ‘Classical’ Twin Study? Analysis of Refractive Error Using Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins Published in 1922

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiao Hui M. Liew ◽  
Hanno Elsner ◽  
Tim D. Spector ◽  
Christopher J. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Human Eyes

AbstractThe first classical twin studies, recognizing the potential of comparing findings in identical twins, have previously been reported to be those by Siemens and by Merriman, both published in 1924. However, we would like to bring to attention a study performed by Walter Jablonski, 2 years earlier (1922), investigating the contribution of heredity to refraction in human eyes. Jablonski examined the eyes of 52 twin pairs and by comparing the size of within-pair differences between identical and non- identical twins was able to infer the heritability of a trait. Therefore, this is likely to be the first reported classical twin study.

Cytogenetic Investigation in Twins with Manic-Depressive Disorders (22 Monozygotic and 27 Dizygotic Twin Pairs)

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Aksel Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Cytogenetic Investigation ◽  
Made In

SummaryChromosome examination was made in 22 monozygotic and 27 dizygotic twin pairs of whom one or both of each pair suffered or had suffered from manic-depressive disorder. We found a significantly higher frequency of chromosome variations among dizygotic twin pairs than was expected from population studies, but not in monozygotic pairs. There was no association between the chromosome variations and manic-depressive disorders. We found no greater intra-pair correlation in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins as regards hypodiploidy, hyperdiploidy and unstable chromosome aberrations, which indicates that the aetiology of such aberrations is mainly of exogenic nature.

A census study of mental illness in Samsø

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Achton Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisCensus data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957–74; the proportion varied from 85 % for patients with psychoses (100 % for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43 % with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24 %, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.

Managing Manic Depressive Disorders, by Ed Ved Varma

BMJ ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 314 (7098) ◽  
pp. 1916-1916
Author(s):  
D. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Manic Depressive

Epigenetics and twin studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Jenny van Dongen ◽  
Dorret I Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dna Sequence Variants ◽  
The Brain

Throughout life, human traits are characterized by variability: they show variation between people and within persons over a time period. Such variation between and within persons can be related to genotype or environment and can be examined in studies of mono- and dizygotic twins. Increasingly, twins are also studied to examine variation at the molecular level, including variation in epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. These mechanisms regulate how the DNA code is used in cells and are increasingly recognized as important contributors to phenotypic differences. In the brain, epigenetic mechanisms are crucial to development and synaptic plasticity, and are probably at the molecular basis of processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms represent a biological path through which environment and DNA-sequence variants may exert their effects on complex traits. When studying epigenetic mechanisms in human traits and understanding the sources of epigenetic variation twin-based research offers exceptional opportunities. This chapter describes epigenetic mechanisms and the value of twin research, with a focus on DNA methylation and traits related to cognitive and mental health.

Behavior and Molecular Genetics of Personality Disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 142-165
Author(s):  
Susan C. South ◽  
Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud ◽  
Nicholas R. Eaton ◽  
Robert F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the behavior and molecular genetics of personality disorder. We begin with a thorough review of findings from the field of behavior genetics of personality pathology, including univariate twin studies, multivariate twin studies, and new models of gene–environment interplay. We then discuss the molecular genetics of personality pathology, including a consideration of candidate gene analysis, linkage analysis, and genome-wide association studies. We focus in particular on research concerning antisocial personality disorder (including antisociality and aggression), borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, Cluster B and C personality disorders, and normal personality traits. We then provide a discussion of challenges and future directions with respect to behavior and molecular genetic research. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the implications of this research for the forthcoming fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic manual.

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