The Contingent Negative Variation in Antisocial Behaviour: a Pilot Study of Broadmoor Patients

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Fenton ◽  
P. B. C. Fenwick ◽  
W. Ferguson ◽  
C. T. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mmpi Profile ◽  
Age And Sex

Using a classical click/flash paradigm, the CNV was recorded from the following three groups of subjects at Broadmoor Hospital: (1) 14 ‘psychopathic’ patients selected by use of the 4/9 MMPI profile and confirmed by independent clinical diagnosis; (2) 15 ‘non psychopathic’ patients, all psychotic and mainly schizophrenic; (3) 14 healthy staff control subjects. All three groups were matched for age and sex; the two patients groups were also matched for length of stay. Two series of 32 paired stimuli were used, separated by an interval of 30 minutes. The mean CNV voltage was significantly lower in the ‘non-psychopathic’ patients. The amplitude of the ‘psychopath's' CNV response did not differ significantly from that of the staff controls, but the response variability between the first and second series of trials was much greater in the ‘psychopathic’ patients than in the other two subject groups. The ‘psychopathic’ subjects tended to show more rapid initial development of the CNV.

scholarly journals Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during wave 1 and wave 2 of the current pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fluck ◽  
Suzanne Rankin ◽  
Andrea Lewis ◽  
Jonathan Robin ◽  
Jacqui Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractIn this study of patients admitted with COVID-19, we examined differences between the two waves in patient characteristics and outcomes. Data were collected from the first COVID-19 admission to the end of study (01/03/2020–31/03/2021). Data were adjusted for age and sex and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 12,471 admissions, 1452 (11.6%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. On admission, the mean (± SD) age of patients with other causes was 68.3 years (± 19.8) and those with COVID-19 in wave 1 was 69.4 years (± 18.0) and wave 2 was 66.2 years (± 18.4). Corresponding ages at discharge were 67.5 years (± 19.7), 63.9 years (± 18.0) and 62.4 years (± 18.0). The highest proportion of total admissions was among the oldest group (≥ 80 years) in wave 1 (35.0%). When compared with patients admitted with other causes, those admitted with COVID-19 in wave 1 and in wave 2 were more frequent in the 40–59 year band: 20.8, 24.6 and 30.0%; consisted of more male patients: 47.5, 57.6 and 58.8%; and a high LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity and Emergency department visits) index (score ≥ 10): 39.4, 61.3 and 50.3%. Compared to wave-2 patients, those admitted in wave 1 had greater risk of death in hospital: OR = 1.58 (1.18–2.12) and within 30 days of discharge: OR = 2.91 (1.40–6.04). Survivors of COVID-19 in wave 1 stayed longer in hospital (median = 6.5 days; interquartile range = 2.9–12.0) as compared to survivors from wave 2 (4.5 days; interquartile range = 1.9–8.7). Patient characteristics differed significantly between the two waves of COVID-19 pandemic. There was an improvement in outcomes in wave 2, including shorter length of stay in hospital and reduction of mortality.

scholarly journals Determinants of Prolonged Length of Stay among Patients with Road Traffic Injury at the Philippine General Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinky Leilanie Lu ◽  
Teodoro J. Herbosa ◽  
Sophia Francesca D. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prolonged Length ◽  
Traffic Injury ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of preventable death, claiming around 7000 lives every year. Furthermore, road traffic can injure or disable thousands more every year in the Philippines. Objectives. This study determined the hospital length-of-stay patterns and risk factors for a prolonged length of stay in a tertiary hospital after road traffic injury. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the determinants of the length of stay in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) among road traffic injury victims for the year 2016. Length of stay was recorded according to the median. The other variables were cross-tabulated against the length of stay, and each of their crude odds ratios along with corresponding p-values were presented. Continuous variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U-test. The predictor model for the determinants of prolonged length of stay in the hospital was built using forward selection. Likelihood-ratio test was used to compare the model with and without the exposure variable. Results. A total of 427 road traffic injury victims were admitted to the Philippine General Hospital in 2016. The mean age of the patients was 31.55 years (±14.97) with a median age of 29 years. The majority of patients were males (82.4%) and single (60.8%). Most patients were riding a motorcycle during the time of the accident (64.2%) while 20% were pedestrians. The majority of the victims were intoxicated (74.3%) and were not using helmets (57.1%) at the time of the accident. Most of the victims received first aid (69.2%) and the mean time of admission was 3.03 (±13.31) days while the median time to admission was 12 hours. Receiving first aid (p<0.01), availed services (p<0.01), and married civil status (p=0.04) were found to be strongly associated with length of hospital stay. Without controlling for any confounders, pay patients (OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.3, -9.87), elective patients (OR = 7.88, 95% CI: 2.64, 31.61), and those in non-trauma wards (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.36) had higher odds for longer hospitalization stay. On the other hand, those who did not receive first aid (OR = 0.55, CI:0.35, 0.85) had lower odds for prolonged hospitalization. Those who suffered face injury and did not suffer external injuries had a higher mean rank, suggesting a longer length of hospital stay. On the other hand, upon controlling variables found to be associated with previous studies, those with low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores were 2.77 times (95% CI: 1.13, 6.91) more likely to stay longer in the hospital. Conclusion. The type of victim, mortality status, age, and sex were found to be important determinants of prolonged hospitalization. To lessen the number of fatalities and road trauma injuries, laws on road safety should be strictly and properly implemented. Shared responsibility of all road users is also important in improving the safe usage of roads.

Platelet Dysfunction in Migraine: Effect of Self-Medication with Aspirin

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunanda V. Deshmukh ◽  
John Stirling Meyer ◽  
Richard J. Mouche
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Platelet Inhibitors ◽  
Platelet Dysfunction ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryCirculating microembolic index (CMI) was determined by drawing one blood sample into EDTA-formalin and the other into DTA alone in patients with migraine and compared with matched normal controls. Platelet aggregates, if any, are fixed in EDTA-formalin but dis- aggregated by EDTA. Ratios of these two counts approximate “unity” in normals and are proportionately less than unity, depending on the number of platelet aggregates. 26 untreated migraineurs and 19 migraineurs with history of self-medication with aspirin taken within 72 hours of the test, were studied in headache-free intervals. Results were compared with those from 20 healthy, age and sex matched volunteers, without migraine, who were medication- free for at least one week. Mean CMI in untreated migraineurs (0.77±0.03 SEM) was significantly lower than the mean in normal controls (0.94±0.02, p. <0.002). Migraineurs with selfadministration of aspirin had mean CMI of 0.88±0.02, differing significantly from untreated migraineurs (p <0.01) but not from normal controls (0.1<p<0.2). Results suggest excessive platelet aggregation in migraineurs which tends to be corrected by treatment with platelet inhibitors such as aspirin.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of autologous lipoinjection into the hand to improve function in patients with scleroderma: pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Espinosa-Torres ◽  
Pedro Grajeda-López ◽  
María Del Pilar Cruz-Domínguez ◽  
Luis Rodrigo Carazo-Quiroz ◽  
Edgar Ramírez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Functional Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Background: Scleroderma is a rare disease of the tissues that is characterized for being inflammatory and developing fibrosis in the skin. Typically, this disease affects middle-aged women.Methods: A study was conducted in which 10 patients with scleroderma with involvement in the sclerotic stage were included. One of the hands was chosen randomly for treatment with fatty graft processed by Coleman technique and the other hand, physiological solution was placed. Patients were evaluated at 45 and 90 days after the procedure using the Cochin Hand Functional Scale (CHFS) questionnaire, modified Rodnan scale for the skin (mRSS), grip strength with dynamometer and measurement of fingertip to palm of hand in flexion.Results: The average of CHFS before treatment was 42.30 and 25.70 at 90 days p=0.007. The average strength in the experimental hand before treatment was 11.67 and 14.58 at 90 days p=0.007, in the control hand p=0.873. The mean finger-palm tip distance before treatment was 44.80 and from 36.00 to 90 days p=0.019, in the control hand p=0.149. There is a significant difference in the degree of severity at 90 days of the mRSS of the back of the hands p=0.011 and phalanges p=0.000 between the patients with lipoinjection and physiological solution.Conclusion: Significant improvement was observed in patients with scleroderma treated with autologous lipoinjection.

Spinal dumbbell tumors: an analysis of a series of 118 cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ozawa ◽  
Shoichi Kokubun ◽  
Toshimi Aizawa ◽  
Takeshi Hoshikawa ◽  
Chikashi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumors ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

Object The authors analyzed a series of 118 cases of spinal dumbbell tumors to elucidate the feature of the tumors. Methods Of 674 cases of spinal cord tumors, the incidence of dumbbell tumors was studied. The tumors were analyzed, and the authors focus on the distribution of age and sex, the pathological diagnoses, their locations, Eden classification, and the surgical methods used. Results The incidence of dumbbell tumors was 18%. The mean patient age was 43 years, which was younger than that for all spinal cord tumors (mean 50 years). There were 11 patients younger than 10 years of age. The rate of dumbbell tumors in the cervical spine was significantly higher than that of all spinal cord tumors. Fifteen (18%) of the 81 schwannomas were observed in the C-2 nerve root, thus having a higher incidence than those in the other nerve roots. In 99 cases (84%), the tumors were removed through a hemilaminectomy with or without a facetectomy and posterior fusion. Of 118 cases, 69% of the tumors were schwannomas, and malignant tumors were found in 10 cases (8.5%). Seven (64%) of 11 patients younger than 10 years of age had malignant tumors. Three patients older than 10 years of age had malignant tumors, thus accounting for 2.8% of the 107 older patients. Conclusions The incidence of dumbbell tumors was 18%, and they are not uncommon. Malignant dumbbell tumors were more common in children younger than 10 years of age than in older patients.

Facial Muscle Activity Patterns in Clarinet Players: A Key to Understanding Facial Muscle Physiology and Dysfunction in Musicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087
Author(s):  
Leonardo Franz ◽  
Luciana Travan ◽  
Miriam Isola ◽  
Gino Marioni ◽  
Renzo Pozzo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Wind Instrument ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Facial muscle activity is crucial to controlling musical performance in wind instrument playing. Facial muscle dysfunctions are common in wind instrument players, dramatically affecting their professional musical activity and potentially leading to disabling symptoms. The aim of this pilot study on a cohort of healthy clarinetists was to use surface electromyography to identify the facial muscle activity patterns involved in stabilizing the mouthpiece, controlling emission and articulation during musical tasks in physiological conditions, also comparing muscle activity between less and more experienced clarinetists (students vs postgraduates/professionals). Methods: Surface electromyographic measures of the sternocleidomastoid, masseter, mentalis, mylohyoid and buccinator muscles were obtained from eight healthy clarinet players (four students and four postgraduates/professionals) performing two standardized musical tasks. Results: Overall, mean IEMG activity was significantly lower for the sternocleidomastoid than for the other muscles ( P = .000), and for the mouthpiece-stabilizing muscles (masseter and mentalis) than for those directly involved in controlling emission and articulation (buccinator and mylohyoid muscles) ( P = .000). Regardless of the musical task, the mean IEMG values were significantly higher in the students for the masseter ( P = .0007), buccinator ( P = .0001) and mylohyoid (0.000), while they were significantly higher in the postgraduates/professionals for the mentalis ( P = .000). No significant differences emerged between the two groups for the sternocleidomastoid ( P = .207). Conclusions: These preliminary data reflect a significantly higher overall facial muscle activity in the less-experienced group, potentially resulting in an overload, whereas the more expert players had more optimized muscle activity patterns.

scholarly journals Paediatric outcomes and timing of admission

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Ramsden ◽  
Martin Patrick McColgan ◽  
Thomas Rossor ◽  
Anne Greenough ◽  
Simon J Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weekend Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Large N ◽  
The Mean

Studies of adult patients have demonstrated that weekend admissions compared with weekday admissions had a significantly higher hospital mortality rate. We have reviewed the literature to determine if the timing of admission, for example, weekend or weekday, influenced mortality and morbidity in children. Seventeen studies reported the effect of timing of admission on mortality, and only four studies demonstrated an increase in those admitted at the weekend. Meta-analysis of the results of 15 of the studies demonstrated there was no significant weekend effect. There was, however, considerable heterogeneity in the studies. There were two large UK studies: one reported an increased mortality only for planned weekend admissions likely explained by planned admissions for complex conditions and the other showed no significant weekend effect. Two studies, one of which was large (n=2913), reported more surgical complications in infants undergoing weekend oesophageal atresia and trachea-oesophageal repair. Medication errors have also been reported to be more common at weekends. Five studies reported the effect of length of stay, meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly increased length of stay following a weekend admission, the mean difference was approximately 1 day. Those data, however, should be interpreted with the caveat that there was no adjustment in all of the studies for differences in disease severity. We conclude that weekend admission overall does not increase mortality but may be associated with a longer length of stay and, in certain conditions, with greater morbidity.

Aktivitätskonzentration der vom Personal einer Radiojodtherapiestation eingeatmeten Luft

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fill ◽  
M. Oberladstätter ◽  
J. W. Krzesniak
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Activity ◽  
External Radiation ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
The Mean

The mean activity concentration of1311 during inhalation by the nuclear medicine personnel was measured at therapeutic activity applications of 22 GBq (600 mCi) per week. The activity concentration reached its maximum in the exhaled air of the patients 2.5 to 4 hours after oral application. The normalized maximum was between 2 • 10−5 and 2 • 10−3 Bq-m−3 per administered Bq. The mean activity concentration of1311 inhaled by the personnel was 28 to 1300 Bq-m−3 (0.8 to 35 nCi-rrf−3). From this the1311 uptake per year was estimated to be 30 to 400 kBq/a (x̄ = 250, SD = 50%). The maximum permitted uptake from air per year is, according to the German and Austrian radiation protection ordinances 22/21 µiCi/a (= 8 • 105 Bq/a). At maximum 50% and, on the average, 30% of this threshold value are reached. The length of stay of the personnel in the patient rooms is already now limited to such an extent that 10% of the maximum permissible whole-body dose for external radiation is not exceeded. Therefore, increased attention should be paid also to radiation exposure by inhalation.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

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