Clinical Change as a Function of Brief Admission to Hospital in a Controlled Study Using the Present State Examination

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Knights ◽  
S. R. Hirsch ◽  
S. D. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
State Examination

SummaryA randomized controlled trial of brief hospital admission failed to show any difference on clinical measures when compared with standard admission for all psychiatric patients admitted from a catchment area over one year. Psychotic and neurotic symptoms were examined separately and together, using the Present State Examination (PSE) a week after admission and three months later. Clinical outcome was not related to length of stay in hospital or psychiatric diagnosis. This study shows how the PSE can be used to measure change in clinical state for a heterogenous group of psychiatric patients.

A Controlled Trial of Home-Based Acute Psychiatric Services

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Alan Beadsmoore ◽  
Ashok V. Bhat ◽  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Carola Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

While research has shown community-based psychiatric care to be as good as, or better than, hospital-based care, generalisation to clinical practice has been difficult. This prospective, randomised controlled study examined a community-based approach feasible within NHS conditions. Ninety-four patients were randomly allocated to experimental and 78 to control treatments and followed for one year. The groups were well matched apart from an excess of psychotic control patients. No differences in clinical or social functioning outcome were found. Both groups improved substantially on clinical measures in the first six weeks, with some slow consolidation thereafter. There were three suicides in the control group and one in the experimental group. Access to care was better in the experimental group (93% attended assessment) than in the control group (75% attended assessment).

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

Befriending as an intervention for chronic depression among women in an inner city

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirril Harris ◽  
George W. Brown ◽  
Ruth Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Depression ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundEarlier work on the protective role of social support in onset and course of depressive disorder suggested that its provision might be relevant for outcome.AimsTo evaluate volunteer befriending as an intervention among women with chronic depression in inner London.MethodA randomised controlled trial, with awaiting list control design, with outcome measured as Present State Examination (PSE)-based full or partial remission after one year.ResultsA statistically significant effect upon remission was found for befriending. Other treatments monitored naturalistically did not relate to remission, nor did initial duration of chronic episode or comorbidity, but there was an association with initial PSE score. The findings are discussed in relation to standard drug-trial results and to another befriending intervention with the elderly.ConclusionsThe results are not unpromising. Additional trials with less restricted intake conditions, and in more naturalistic general practice settings, might confirm volunteer befriending as a useful adjunct to current treatments.

The Present State Examination Change Rating Scale

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Tress ◽  
C. Bellenis ◽  
J. M. Brownlow ◽  
G. Livingston ◽  
J. P. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
State Examination

The development and use of a new psychiatric symptom change scale based on the Present State Examination (PSE) - the PSE Change Rating Scale - is described. The advantages of the PSE are retained (the extensive glossary, the diagnostic facility and the standardised interview technique) while improving its sensitivity to change and decreasing its administration time. The scale has been designed to prevent feedback of results and ‘halo’ effects: it has proved highly reliable in use across raters with different backgrounds and experience. The scale has been used to monitor drug effects on clinical state across a variety of diagnoses and examples of its use are given.

The TAPS Project. 13: Clinical and Social Outcomes of Long-Stay Psychiatric Patients After One Year in the Community

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (S19) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Anderson ◽  
David Dayson ◽  
Walter Wills ◽  
Chris Gooch ◽  
Olga Margolius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prospective Controlled Study

The first prospective, controlled study of a large, long-stay, in-patient population as their hospital services were reprovided in the community is reported. Two-hundred-and-seventy-eight patients were matched individually with similar patients who remained in hospital. Clinical and social outcomes over a one-year follow-up are presented for the first three years of the reprovision process. Compared with matches, the leavers at follow-up had more diverse social networks that contained a higher proportion of contacts named as friends. The care facilities in the community allowed more opportunities for patient autonomy than the hospitals across all aspects of the environments measured. At follow-up, more leavers than matches wanted to remain in their current placement, while fewer leavers than matches said there was nothing they liked about their current placement. More leavers than matches found their medication helpful.

Incidence and comorbidity of personality disorders among first ever admitted psychiatric patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Mors ◽  
LV Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
State Examination

SummaryDuring a period of one year, 157 first ever admitted psychiatric patients in the age group 18-49 years from a catchment area of 217,649 persons were interviewed with the Present State Examination 10th edition, development version and the Personality Disorder Examination, 1988 version. Of the sample, 23% received at least one DSM III-R personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. Rates avoidant PD, very few borderline PDs were found. Almost all patients with PDs also had major psychiatric disorders and the sample was biased towards younger individuals with more severe Axis I symptomatology compared with first ever admitted psychiatric patients aged 18-49 years in Denmark. Cluster A was associated with schizophrenia, cluster B with alcohol or other substance use disorders, and cluster C with anxiety disorders. Within Axis II, schizotypal PD was associated with avoidant and dependent PD, and paranoid with antisocial and dependent PD.

Use of Hospital Services by Chronic Schizophrenics in the Community

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Freeman ◽  
A. J. Cheadle ◽  
J. R. Korer
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Present State ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination

SummaryA sample of chronic schizophrenic patients from an urban community, living outside hospital, were reassessed on the Present State Examination one year after a first examination. During this time their use of psychiatric hospital services was recorded. One hundred and two patients had satisfactory interviews on both occasions. These could be divided into Heavy, Medium and Light users of services, the numbers being 8, 14 and 63 respectively, while 17 only saw their general practitioners or had no treatment. A ranking of the sample in terms of severity showed no correlation with use of these services; second PSE scores were not significantly different from the first. Heavy and Medium users of hospital services were in contact with Social Services to a significantly greater extent than other patients.

The Present State Examination: Experiences with Xhosa-speaking Psychiatric Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Gillis ◽  
O. Ben-Arie ◽  
R. Elk ◽  
A. Teggin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
State Examination

SummaryLanguage, conceptual, and cultural factors are discussed in relation to a Xhosa translation of the Present State Examination which was administered to a series of 120 consecutive new admissions to a psychiatric hospital.The experiential events of psychiatric disturbance as defined by the PSE exist in Xhosa-speaking patients and it is a valid instrument.

Assessment of Outcome after Psychosurgery using The Present State Examination

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Curson ◽  
T. Trauer ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
P. K. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Preoperative Symptom ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Symptomatic Outcome ◽  
One Year ◽  
State Examination

SummaryThe aim of the study was to explore the way psychiatric symptoms might influence independent psychiatric assessment of outcome one year after stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy. In a sample of 34 patients consecutively accepted for psychosurgery the results showed that both ‘good’ and ‘poor’ outcome groups improved overall. No patients were significantly worse and the symptoms which improved most were nervous tension, depressed mood and somatic anxiety. It was not possible to identify symptomatic predictors of outcome because the preoperative symptom profiles of both groups were so similar. The reason why symptomatic outcome is so variable despite a basically identical psychosurgical technique is discussed.

Further studies on interviewer training and inter-rater reliability of the Present State Examination (PSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
J. R. M. Copeland ◽  
G. W. Brown ◽  
T. Harris ◽  
A. J. Gourlay
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Interviewer Training ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
8Th Edition

SynopsisThe Present State Examination (PSE) is discussed with regard to its use in surveys of subjects who are not psychiatric patients. Although the PSE was originally developed for use by psychiatrists with patients with obvious mental illness, the interview also contains sections dealing in considerable detail with the commoner and less severe complaints and symptoms that are found in a significant proportion of ‘normal subjects’. A shortened version of the PSE (8th edition) is described, limited to these sections, which has been used in population surveys, by interviewers who are not psychiatrists. The training of such interviewers is described, and information on a reliability and repeatability study is presented. This shows that with proper training, non-psychiatric interviewers can achieve standards of inter-rater reliability that are comparable to those previously reported between psychiatrists.

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