Estimating Suicide Risk Among Attempted Suicides

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pallis ◽  
J. S. Gibbons ◽  
D. W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Item Scale

SummaryWe predicted that the closer the resemblance of attempted suicide to completed suicide, the greater the risk of patients later killing themselves after an unsuccessful attempt. Using two risk scales, one of 6 and the other of 18 socio-demographic and clinical items, weighted according to their value in discriminating between suicides and attempted suicides, and a rating of intent to die during the index suicide attempt, we followed up 1263 attempted suicides for two years. Ten of the twelve suicidal deaths in the first year occurred in patients scoring in the top quartile on the 6-item scale; and among high-risk scorers there was an excess of those defined as ‘failed suicides' at the index attempt. The 18-item scale was superior to the shorter one, but both scales were improved by taking into account the rating of intent-to-die. The potential value of these findings is discussed in the light of some inherent problems of predicting suicide in the clinical setting.

Suicidal Behavior in Four Ethnic Groups in The Hague, 2002–2004

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Burger ◽  
Albert M. van Hemert ◽  
Willem J. Schudel ◽  
Barend J.C. Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Psychiatric Department

Background: Suicidal behavior is a severe public health problem. Aims: To determine the rates of attempted and completed suicide among ethnic groups in The Hague, The Netherlands (2002–2004). Methods: By analyzing data on attempted and completed suicide (from the psychiatric department of general medical hospitals; the psychiatric emergency service and the municipal coroners). Results: Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years were at highest risk for attempted suicide (age-specific rate 545 / 100,000 and 421 / 100,000 person-years, respectively). Both rates were significantly higher than in the same age group of Dutch females (246 / 100,000 person-years). Turkish (2%) and Surinamese (7%) had lower repeat suicide-attempt rates than did Dutch (16%) females aged 15–24. Significantly lower suicide-attempt rates were found for Surinamese than for Dutch females aged 35–54 years. Differences were not explained by socioeconomic living conditions. The ratio fatal/nonfatal events was 4.5 times higher in males than in females and varied across age, gender, and ethnicity strata. Completed suicide was rare among migrant females. No completed suicides were observed in the Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15–24 years. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a high risk of attempted suicide and a low risk of completed suicide among young Turkish and Surinamese females.

Incidence of Completed and Attempted Suicide in Trabzon, Turkey

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Bilici ◽  
Mehmet Bekaroğlu ◽  
Çiçek Hocaoğlu ◽  
Serhat Gürpınar ◽  
Cengiz Soylu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
State Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Objective: Studies of completed and attempted suicide in Turkey are based on data of State Institute of Statistics (SIS) and emergency clinics of the large hospitals. This study seeks (1) to find, independent of the SIS and hospital data, the annual incidences of completed and attempted suicide in Trabzon, Turkey; (2) to examine the associated factors between the incidence of completed and attempted suicide. Method: The data are derived by using a method specially designed for this study. Data sources include emergency clinics in all hospitals, village clinics, the Forensic Medical Center of Trabzon, the Governorship of Trabzon, “mukhtars” (local village representatives) of neighborhoods, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of Trabzon, the Police Headquarters and Gendarmerie, and the local press organs. Results: The incidences of completed and attempted suicide per 100,000 inhabitants turned out to be 2.60 and 31.5, respectively, whereas the SIS reported the incidence of completed suicide to be 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in Trabzon in 1995. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that SIS data are inadequate for suicide research in Turkey. Our findings show that the risk of completed and attempted suicide is high in young, unmarried, and unemployed persons, and that these groups must be carefully evaluated for suicide risk. The study highlights the need for culture-specific research on suicidal behavior in Turkey.

scholarly journals High Risk of Suicide in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Zucca ◽  
Elisa Rubino ◽  
Alessandro Vacca ◽  
Flora Govone ◽  
Annalisa Gai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
High Level ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), evaluating possible risk factors for suicidality. Methods: Risk of suicide was assessed using the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) in 35 patients with bvFTD and 25 controls. Results: According to SSI, 40% of patients with bvFTD had suicidal ideation in comparison to 8% of controls ( P = .009). Four patients with bvFTD have attempted suicide versus none control ( P = .006). Patients with bvFTD with suicide risk showed higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and hopelessness than patients without suicide risk ( P < .001). Patients who attempted suicide were younger and had a longer disease duration than those with only suicide ideation. Intriguingly, 40% of patients with parkinsonism presented high level of suicide ideation. Conclusions: Our findings show that patients with bvFTD have a high risk of suicide. Additional studies in larger populations are needed to confirm our results.

Risk of suicide after attempted suicide in the population of Slovenia from 1970 to 1996

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavko Ziherl ◽  
Bojan Zalar
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Commit Suicide

AbstractObjective:All suicide attempts cannot predict suicide, therefore we examined those characteristics of suicide attempt which could most accurately predict completed suicide.Subject and methods:Subjects were all individuals registered as committed suicides (N = 16,522) or attempted suicides (N = 15,057) in the register of suicides of the Republic of Slovenia between 1970 and 1996. Log linear analysis of a frequency table was used to uncover relationship between categorical variables.Results:The model we found fit between variables: mode, number of repetitions and type, then between number of repetitions, type and gender, and between mode, type and gender.Discussion:The risk of suicide in those who previously attempted suicide is approximately 773 times higher than the risk of suicide without a previous suicide attempt. Those who attempt suicide by hanging (hanging being in Slovenia the most frequent mode of completed suicide) are at even greater risk to commit suicide.Conclusion:Our data suggests that clinicians should heighten their awareness that any suicide attempt can in some 20% predict suicide. Someone who has attempted suicide by hanging is at the highest risk of suicide.

Suicide Risk Factors

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Group

Fifty cases of attempted suicide were compared with 50 cases of completed suicide on variables reported to measure suicide risk: the seriousness of the attempt, and the circumstances in which the act occurred discriminated best. Depressive symptoms were more frequent in the suicide group and in the serious attempters' group than in the nonserious attempters' group.

Mortality and Further Suicidal Behaviour After an Index Suicide Attempt: a 10-Year Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheree J. Gibb ◽  
Annette L. Beautrais ◽  
David M. Fergusson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Christchurch Hospital ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Ongoing Support

Objective: To examine further suicide attempts and mortality in the 10 years after a suicide attempt requiring hospital admission. Method: Participants were a consecutive series of 3690 individuals admitted to Christchurch Hospital for attempted suicide during the 10-year period 1993–2002. Data were obtained on admissions to Christchurch Hospital for attempted suicide during the study period. Mortality subsequent to the index suicide attempt was established from the National Mortality Database. The influence of age, gender and method of index suicide attempt on mortality and further suicide attempts requiring hospitalization were examined. Results: Within 10 years, 28.1% of those who had been admitted for an index suicide attempt were readmitted for a further non-fatal suicide attempt, and 4.6% died by suicide. Risks and rates of readmission were higher in: females; those under 55; and those whose index attempt involved a method of low lethality. Risks and rates of suicide were higher in: males; those aged 25 and over; and those using an index suicide attempt method of high lethality. Risks and rates of readmission and mortality from suicide were highest in the first 2 years after the index attempt, although deaths and readmissions occurred throughout the 10 years study period. Conclusions: Those making suicide attempts requiring hospital admission are at high risk of further hospitalization for suicide attempt and of death from suicide. These findings suggest a need for ongoing support and monitoring, and for enhanced treatment and management of all those making suicide attempts which require hospital admission in an effort to reduce risks of further suicidal behaviour.

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation and subsequent completed suicide in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations: a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. M. Hubers ◽  
S. Moaddine ◽  
S. H. M. Peersmann ◽  
T. Stijnen ◽  
E. van Duijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Risk Ratios

Aims.Several authors claimed that expression of suicidal ideation is one of the most important predictors of completed suicide. However, the strength of the association between suicidal ideation and subsequent completed suicide has not been firmly established in different populations. Furthermore, the absolute suicide risk after expression of suicidal ideation is unknown. In this meta-analysis, we examined whether the expression of suicidal ideation predicted subsequent completed suicide in various populations, including both psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations.Methods.A meta-analysis of cohort and case–control studies that assessed suicidal ideation as determinant for completed suicide in adults. Two independent reviewers screened 5726 articles for eligibility and extracted data of the 81 included studies. Pooled risk ratios were estimated in a random effects model stratified for different populations. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine suicide risk during the first year of follow-up.Results.The risk for completed suicide was clearly higher in people who had expressed suicidal ideation compared with people who had not, with substantial variation between the different populations: risk ratio ranging from 2.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–3.87) in affective disorder populations to 8.00 (95% CI 5.46–11.7) in non-psychiatric populations. In contrast, the suicide risk after expression of suicidal ideation in the first year of follow-up was higher in psychiatric patients (risk 1.40%, 95% CI 0.74–2.64) than in non-psychiatric participants (risk 0.23%, 95% CI 0.10–0.54). Past suicide attempt-adjusted risk ratios were not pooled due to large underreporting.Conclusions.Assessment of suicidal ideation is of priority in psychiatric patients. Expression of suicidal ideation in psychiatric patients should prompt secondary prevention strategies to reduce their substantial increased risk of suicide.

scholarly journals VARTOJANČIŲJŲ PSICHOAKTYVIAS MEDŽIAGAS MĖGINIMŲ NUSIŽUDYTI TIPAI

Psichologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Jurgita Rimkevičienė ◽  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Suicidologijoje stokojama duomenų apie psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo vaidmenį savižudybės procese bei impulsyvių ir neimpulsyvių mėginimų nusižudyti skirtumus. Šiame tyrime atlikta 15 vartojančių alkoholį arba narkotikus asmenų, per paskutinius metus mėginusių nusižudyti, kokybinių interviu teminė analizė. Tyrimas leido išskirti ne du, kaip aprašoma literatūroje, o tris mėginimų nusižudyti tipus, būdingus vartojantiems psichoaktyvias medžiagas: planuoti, neplanuoti ir mėginimai nusižudyti „aptemus sąmonei“, ir aprašyti visiems jiems būdingus bruožus. Nepaisant kai kurių ribotumų, šis tyrimas gali pasiūlyti vertingų įžvalgų vertinant vartojančių psichoaktyvias medžiagas asmenų suicidinę riziką.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: mėginimas nusižudyti, savižudybės procesas, psichoaktyvios medžiagos, alkoholis, narkotikai.THE TYPES OF SUICIDE PROCESS AMONG PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USERS Jurgita Rimkevičienė, Danutė Gailienė Summary Research regarding the role of psychoactive substance use in the process of suicide is lacking in current sui­cidology. In addition to this, evidence shows that im­pulsive suicide attempts are common among substance users. However there is no clear understanding of the impulsive suicide process. That makes it difficult to combine results of different studies and create clear guidelines for impulsive suicide risk evaluation. The purpose of this research is to depict the impulsive and non-impulsive process of suicide among psychoactive substance users. The participants of the study were 15 psycho­active substance (10 – alcohol, 5 – drug) users, who had attempted suicide during the last year. 8 of them attempted once, 4 – two or three times, other 3 – more than 5 times. All participants – 4 women and 11 men were patients from Vilnius Centre for Addictive Disorders and Vilnius Mental Health Centre. Quali­tative interviews based on Suicide Intent Scale were conducted about the suicide attempt or attempts. A thematic analysis of the interviews was used to depict the process of suicide. This study led to distinguishing 3 different types of attempted suicide – planned, unplanned and suicide attempts during a “blackout” – which are typical for psychoactive substance users. Both unplanned suicide attempts and suicide attempts during a “blackout” can be called impulsive, though the latter diverged by their hastiness, aggressiveness, inability to control one’s behaviour, intensive feeling of anger, serious danger caused to health and wellbeing, as well as a follo­wing amnesia of a major part of the suicide attempt. Intensive emotions, especially anger and stressors in interpersonal relationships, had a major impact for the respondents in the process of suicide. According to the participants of the survey, substance use had intensified their suicidal crisis having a clear effect on their emotional, relationship and other difficulties. In addition, alcohol and drug use was considered as one of the suicide methods. Despite several restrictions of the research, the study results provide some valuable insight in the suicide risk evaluation among psycho­active substance users. Key words: suicide attempt, suicide process, psychoactive substances, alcohol, drugs.

Reports of Attempted Suicide among Brazilian Addicts

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartiu Xavier Da Silveira ◽  
Miguel Roberto Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Clinic Program

Both substance dependence and depressive mood seem to be associated with increased suicide risk. Clinical information on suicide attempts and depressive symptoms were obtained from a sample of 211 psychoactive substance dependents attending a university clinic program for addicts in Brazil. 49 subjects (23.4%) had attempted suicide at least once, and the frequency of reporting attempts was 4.32 times greater among women than among men. Male addicts also tended to engage in potentially more dangerous attempt methods than women. Depressive male addicts were 2.17 times more likely to have attempted suicide than nondepressive addicted men. Among women, no association could be established between having attempted suicide and the presence of depression. Substance addicts have a relatively high risk of attempting suicide and the co-occurrence of depression seems to increase prevalence of suicidal behavior among men.

scholarly journals A Naturalistic, European Multi-Center Clinical Study of Electrodermal Reactivity and Suicide Risk Among Patients With Depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Carli ◽  
Gergo Hadlaczky ◽  
Nuhamin Gebrewold Petros ◽  
Miriam Iosue ◽  
Patrizia Zeppegno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Reactivity Test

Background: Electrodermal hyporeactivity has been proposed as a marker of suicidal risk. The EUDOR-A study investigated the prevalence of electrodermal hyporeactivity among patients with depression and its association with attempted and completed suicide.Methods: Between August 2014 and March 2016, 1,573 in- and outpatients with a primary diagnosis of depression (active or remission phase) were recruited at 15 European psychiatric centers. Each patient was followed-up for 1 year. Electrodermal activity was assessed at baseline with the ElectroDermal Orienting Reactivity Test. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and treatment of the subjects were also collected. The severity of the depressive symptoms was assessed through the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Information regarding number, time, and method of suicide attempts was gathered at baseline and at the end of the 1-year follow-up. The same data were collected in case of completed suicide.Results: Hyporeactive patients were shown to be significantly more at risk of suicide attempt compared to reactive patients, both at baseline and follow-up. A sensitivity of 29.86% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.77% were found for attempted suicide at baseline, while a sensitivity of 35.36% and a PPV of 8.92% were found for attempted suicide at follow-up. The sensitivity and PPV for completed suicide were 25.00 and 0.61%, respectively. However, when controlled for suicide attempt at baseline, the association between hyporeactivity and follow-up suicide attempt was no longer significant. The low number of completed suicides did not allow any analysis.

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