Undifferentiated dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Age- and gender-related incidence in Liverpool

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Copeland ◽  
Cherie McCracken ◽  
M. E. Dewey ◽  
K. C. M. Wilson ◽  
Mark Doran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research Criteria

BackgroundDoes incidence of dementia follow the age pattern of prevalence? Is gender a risk factor? Do patterns of incidence differ between dementias?AimsTo assess age-specific incidence rates of undifferentiated dementias, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.Method5222 individuals aged $65 years, were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State/History and Aetiology Schedule. The AGECAT package was used to identify cases at three interviewing waves at two-year intervals. Diagnoses were made using ICD −10 Research Criteria and validated against neurological and psychological examination, with imaging and neuropathology on unselected subsamples.ResultsIncidence rates of the dementias increase with age. Age patterns are similar between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Gender appears influential in Alzheimer's disease. In England and Wales, 39 437 new cases of Alzheimer's disease (4.9/1000 person-years at risk); 20 513 of vascular dementia (2.6/1000 person-years) and 155 169 of undifferentiated dementia (19/1000 person-years) can be expected each year.ConclusionsIncidence rates for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia appear to behave differently with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease for women compared to vascular dementia.

scholarly journals Mid- and Late-Life Migraine Is Associated with an Increased Risk of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, but Not Vascular Dementia: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Hyunjae Yu ◽  
Son Gil Myeong ◽  
Kijoon Park ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Migraine Group ◽  
Prospective Association

We used a nationwide cohort sample of data from 2002 to 2013, representing approximately 1 million patients to investigate the prospective association between migraine and dementia. The migraine group (n = 1472) included patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2004, aged over 55 years; the comparison group was selected using propensity score matching (n = 5888). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs). The incidence of dementia was 13.5 per 1000 person-years in the migraine group. Following adjustment for sociodemographic and comorbidities variables, patients with migraine developed dementia more frequently than those in the comparison group (adjusted HR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.61). In the subgroup analysis, we found a higher HR of dementia events in male, the presence of comorbidities, and older age (≥65) patients with migraine, compared to those without migraine. Moreover, patients with migraine had a significantly higher incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.08–1.58), but not vascular dementia, than those without migraine. Therefore, our findings suggest that mid- and late-life migraines may be associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, but not vascular dementia.

scholarly journals Evidence for Reduced Autobiographical Memory Episodic Specificity in Cognitively Normal Middle-Aged and Older Individuals at Increased Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Grilli ◽  
Aubrey A. Wank ◽  
John J. Bercel ◽  
Lee Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typically eludes clinical detection for years, if not decades. The identification of subtle cognitive decline associated with preclinical AD would not only advance understanding of the disease, but also provide clinical targets to assess preventative and early intervention treatments. Disrupted retrieval of detailed episodic autobiographical memories may be a sensitive indicator of subtle cognitive decline, because this type of memory taxes a core neural network affected by preclinical AD neuropathology. Methods: To begin to address this idea, we assessed the episodic specificity of autobiographical memories retrieved by cognitively normal middle-aged and older individuals who are carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele – a population at increased risk for subtle cognitive decline related to neuropathological risk factors for AD. We compared the ε4 carriers to non-carriers of ε4 similar in age, education, and gender. Results: The ε4 carriers did not perform worse than the non-carriers on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. In contrast, as a group, the ε4 carriers generated autobiographical memories that were reduced in “internal” or episodic details relative to non-carriers. Conclusions: These findings support the notion that reduced autobiographical episodic detail generation may be a marker of subtle cognitive decline associated with AD. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1073–1183)

scholarly journals Association between the Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Dementia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Kuan-Chan Chen ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Chieh-Hua Lu ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Chien-Hsing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Class Effect ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Study Objectives: Diabetes mellitus per se and its related therapy have been frequently associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, studies that explored the risk of dementia from the use of the novel oral antidiabetic medication dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) have been limited, especially in Asian populations. The present study aimed to determine the effect of DPP-4i on the subsequent risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Taiwan. Methods: This study utilized data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2008 and 2015. We enrolled 2903 patients aged ≥50 years, who were on DPP-4i for a diagnosis of T2D and had no dementia. A total of 11,612 subjects were included and compared with a propensity score-matched control group who did not use DPP-4i (non-DPP-4i group). Survival analysis was performed to estimate and compare the risk of dementia—including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other dementia types—between the two groups. Results: Both groups had a mean age of 68 years, had a preponderance of women (61.8%), and were followed up for a mean duration of 7 years. The risk of all-cause dementia was significantly lower in the DPP-4i group than in the non-DPP-4i group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.798; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.681–0.883; p < 0.001), with a class effect. This trend was particularly observed for vascular dementia (HR 0.575; 95% CI 0.404–0.681; p < 0.001), but not in Alzheimer’s disease (HR 0.891; 95% CI 0.712–1.265; p = 0.297). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the preventive effect on dementia was positively correlated with the cumulative dose of DPP-4i. Conclusions: DPP-4i decreased the risk of dementia with a class effect, especially vascular dementia, but not in Alzheimer’s disease. Our results provide important information on the drug choice when managing patients with T2D in clinical practice.

Diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment no dementia in the aging, demographics, and memory study (ADAMS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Gould ◽  
Sherry A. Beaudreau ◽  
Huma Salman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

Individuals with diabetes mellitus have a 1.39 times increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, a 2.38 times increased risk of vascular dementia, and a faster rate of cognitive decline compared to individuals without diabetes (Lu et al., 2009). In a study, over a 9-year follow-up diabetes was associated with accelerated progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, but was not associated with progression from no impairment to MCI (Xu et al., 2010). Many previous studies on cognitive impairment and diabetes are limited by the use of cognitive screens to diagnose and assess cognitive impairment. A few studies diagnosing cognitive impairment with comprehensive neuropsychological batteries provide mixed results. For instance, Luchinger et al. (2007) found that diabetes was correlated with the presence of MCI, whereas diabetes was not associated with the presence of dementia versus no dementia in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study ADAMS; (Llewellyn et al., 2010).

scholarly journals Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno S. Diniz ◽  
Meryl A. Butters ◽  
Steven M. Albert ◽  
Mary Amanda Dew ◽  
Charles F. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundLate-life depression may increase the risk of incident dementia, in particular of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.AimsTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in individuals with late-life depression in population-based prospective studies.MethodA total of 23 studies were included in the meta-analysis. We used the generic inverse variance method with a random-effects model to calculate the pooled risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in older adults with late-life depression.ResultsLate-life depression was associated with a significant risk of all-cause dementia (1.85, 95% CI 1.67-2.04, P< 0.001), Alzheimer's disease (1.65, 95% CI 1.42-1.92, P<0.001) and vascular dementia (2.52, 95% CI 1.77-3.59, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis, based on five studies, showed that the risk of vascular dementia was significantly higher than for Alzheimer's disease (P=0.03).ConclusionsLate-life depression is associated with an increased risk for all-cause dementia, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The present results suggest that it will be valuable to design clinical trials to investigate the effect of late-life depression prevention on risk of dementia, in particular vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Incident stroke in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pinho ◽  
Miguel Quintas-Neves ◽  
Imis Dogan ◽  
Kathrin Reetz ◽  
Arno Reich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractVascular mechanisms are increasingly recognized in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but less is known about the occurrence of stroke in AD patients. We aimed to quantify the risk of stroke in patients with AD and compare the incidence rates (IR) of stroke in individuals without AD. Systematic search of Embase and MEDLINE between 1970 and 2020. Inclusion criteria: reports with ≥ 50 patients with non-familial AD, which reported the occurrence of stroke (all types) and/or ischemic stroke and/or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during follow-up. Meta-analyses of pooled data using random-effects model were performed. IR were calculated for each study. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated for studies presenting a control-group without AD. Among 5109 retrieved studies, 29 (0.6%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 61,824 AD patients. In AD patients the IR were 15.4/1000 person-years for stroke (all types), 13.0/1000 person-years for ischemic stroke and 3.4/1000 person-years for ICH. When compared to controls without AD, incidence rate for ICH in AD patients was significantly higher (IRR = 1.67, 95%CI 1.43–1.96), but similar for ischemic stroke. Incident stroke is not a rare event in AD population. AD is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage which warrants further clarification.

scholarly journals Incidence of Epilepsy among elderly Sudanese patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A prospective cohort study on 480 patients, Khartoum, Sudan, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer ◽  
Amira Siddig
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: An increased prevalence of epilepsy had been documented with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy often coexist. Objective: The aim of this study to assess incidence rates of epilepsy among Sudanese patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. We followed 480 patients aged more than 65 years with diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease between May 2006 and May 2019 looking for coexist epilepsy. Results: Regarding Alzheimer’s disease female were affected more than male (60%). 10% of our patients have epilepsy. Generalize epilepsy was the most common type (62%). Epilepsy was more common with late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Abnormal EEG was detected in 20% of our studied group. Abnormal Brain MRI in form of cerebral atrophy was observed in 60 % of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Conclusion: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease have an increased risk of developing epilepsy. There is strong relation between disease duration and development of epilepsy.

Diabetes Mellitus Is a Risk Factor for Vascular Dementia, but Not for Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study of the Oldest Old

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Hassing ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Sven E. Nilsson ◽  
Stig Berg ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia in very old age, specifically for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: We evaluated the risk of dementia in relation to Type 2 diabetes using a population-based sample of 702 individuals aged 80 years and older (mean age 83 years). A total of 187 persons received a dementia diagnosis. Thirty-one individuals had a diabetes diagnosis prior to onset of the dementia. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses, adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking habits, and circulatory diseases, indicated an elevated risk to develop VaD (relative risk = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.35–4.78) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. No association was found between diabetes and AD. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia. There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold risk of VaD in persons with diabetes.

scholarly journals Type-2 diabetes and risk of dementia: observational and Mendelian randomisation studies in 1 million individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Qvist Thomassen ◽  
Janne Schurmann Tolstrup ◽  
Marianne Benn ◽  
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Causal Nature

Abstract Aims In observational studies, type-2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of dementia; however, the causal nature of this association remains unanswered. In an unselected nationwide study of all Danes, we wanted to test whether type-2 diabetes is associated with dementia subtypes, and to test whether potential associations are of a causal nature. Methods In the current study of nationwide observational registry data in all Danes above the age of 65 years (n = 784 434) combined with genetic consortia data on 213 370 individuals, we investigated the associations between type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, unspecified dementia and all-cause dementia, and whether observational associations were of a causal nature by applying a two-sample Mendelian randomisation strategy. We addressed key biases inherent in Mendelian randomisation approaches. Results Important confounders (age, ethnicity, size of community, region, civil status and education level) were captured on all 784 434 individuals and adjusted for in the models. Multifactorial adjusted hazard ratios were 1.13 (1.06–1.21) for Alzheimer's disease, 1.98 (1.83–2.14) for vascular dementia, 1.53 (1.48–1.59) for unspecified dementia and 1.48 (1.44–1.53) for all-cause dementia in persons with type-2 diabetes v. without. Results were similar for men and women. The two-sample Mendelian randomisation estimate for the association between the genetic instrument and Alzheimer's disease was 1.04 (0.98–1.10), consistent with sensitivity estimates, addressing pleiotropy, measurement bias and weak instrument bias. Conclusions In a nationwide study of all Danes above the age of 65 years, we show that type-2 diabetes is associated with major subtypes of dementia – with particularly strong associations for vascular dementia and unspecified dementia – the two types of dementia with the most obvious vascular pathologies. Although the present two-sample Mendelian randomisation approach using genetic consortia data suggests that type-2 diabetes is not a direct cause of Alzheimer's disease, we were unable to test the causal nature of type-2 diabetes for vascular dementia and unspecified dementia, because no publicly available genetic consortia data yet exist for these dementia endpoints. The causal nature of type-2 diabetes for dementia with vascular pathologies is pivotal questions to solve for future public health recommendations and therapeutic advice.

N-Terminal Prosomatostatin and Risk of Vascular Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Holm ◽  
Katarina Nägga ◽  
Erik D. Nilsson ◽  
Fabrizio Ricci ◽  
Eduardo Cinosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Increased somatostatin plasma concentration has been found in patients with vascular dementia. However, it is unknown whether or not somatostatin levels may predict dementia development in the general population. To this end, we sought to assess the association of circulating N-terminal prosomatostatin (NT-proSST) with incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In the prospective population-based Malmö Preventive Project, 5,347 study participants (mean age: 69 ± 6years; 70% men) provided plasma for the determination of NT-proSST concentration. Of these, 373 participants (7%) were diagnosed with dementia (120 Alzheimer's disease, 83 vascular, 102 mixed, and 68 other aetiology) during a follow-up period of 4.6 ± 1.3 years. The association of NT-proSST with the risk of dementia and its subtypes was studied using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, diabetes, lipid levels and prevalent stroke. Results: Higher levels of NT-proSST were significantly associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD: 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.59; p = 0.016), whereas no association was observed with Alzheimer's disease (HR per 1 SD: 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.20; p = 0.91), all-cause dementia (HR per 1 SD: 1.04; 95% CI 0.94-1.16; p = 0.44), and mixed dementia (HR per 1 SD: 0.98; 95% CI 0.79-1.21; p = 0.84). Levels of NT-proSST above 563 pmol/L (highest quartile) conferred distinctly increased risk of vascular dementia (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.05-2.63; p = 0.029) compared with lower values. Conclusions: Higher levels of circulating N-terminal-prosomatostatin are associated with increased incidence of vascular dementia. Our findings might be of importance for the understanding of dementia development in older adults.

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