scholarly journals Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality

2001 ◽  
Vol 179 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Joukamaa ◽  
Markku HeliöVaara ◽  
Paul Knekt ◽  
Arpo Aromaa ◽  
Raimo Raitasalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundThe impact of clinically diagnosed mental disorders on mortality in the general population has not been established.AimsTo examine mental disorders for their prediction of cause-specific mortality.MethodMental disorders were determined using the 36-item version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Present State Examination in a nationally representative sample of 8000 adult Finns.ResultsDuring the 17-year follow-up period 1597 deaths occurred. The presence of a mental disorder detected at baseline was associated with an elevated mortality rate. The relative risk in men was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3–1.8) and in women, 1.4 (95% Cl 1.2–1.6). In men and women with schizophrenia the relative risks of death during the follow-up period were 3.3 (95% Cl 2.3–4.9) and 2.3 (95% Cl 1.3–3.8) respectively, compared with the rest of the sample. In both men and women with schizophrenia the risk of dying of respiratory disease was increased, but the risk of dying of cardiovascular disease was increased only in men with neurotic depression.ConclusionsSchizophrenia and depression are associated with an elevated risk of natural and unnatural deaths.

scholarly journals Association between common mental disorder and obesity over the adult life course

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
G. David Batty ◽  
Archana Singh-Manoux ◽  
Hermann Nabi ◽  
Séverine Sabia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundProspective data on the association between common mental disorders and obesity are scarce, and the impact of ageing on this association is poorly understood.AimsTo examine the association between common mental disorders and obesity (body mass index 30 kg/m2) across the adult life course.MethodThe participants, 6820 men and 3346 women, aged 35–55 were screened four times during a 19-year follow-up (the Whitehall II study). Each screening included measurements of mental disorders (the General Health Questionnaire), weight and height.ResultsThe excess risk of obesity in the presence of mental disorders increased with age (P = 0.004). The estimated proportion of people who were obese was 5.7% at age 40 both in the presence and absence of mental disorders, but the corresponding figures were 34.6% and 27.1% at age 70. The excess risk did not vary by gender or according to ethnic group or socioeconomic position.ConclusionsThe association between common mental disorders and obesity becomes stronger at older ages.

Shifts in Fear of Success in Men and Women from 1968 to 1987

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darhl M. Pedersen ◽  
Tracy Conlin
Keyword(s):  
Women's Liberation ◽  
Fear Of Success ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Women’S Liberation ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Impact

A follow-up study on feat of success was completed 19 years after Horner collected her data in 1968. It was hypothesized that cultural changes relating to women's liberation would result in fewer women and more men exhibiting fear of success compared to Horner's findings. 25 men and 25 women were tested using Horner's procedures to facilitate comparisons. A higher percentage of men exhibited fear of success than Horner reported; however, the percentage of women remained about the same. Apparently, the impact of societal changes on men has been greater than on women.

Social roles and the gender difference in rates of the common mental disorders in Britain: a 7-year, population-based cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. WEICH ◽  
A. SLOGGETT ◽  
G. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Men And Women

Background. It is not known why the most common mental disorders (CMD), anxiety and depression, are more prevalent among women. This gradient has not been explained by differences in the number or type of social roles occupied by men and women. Given the dearth of longitudinal studies, these negative findings could reflect reverse causality, if men with CMD relinquish social roles more readily than women.Methods. Cohort study using data from the first seven (annual) waves of the British Household Panel Survey. The prevalence of CMD was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), 12 months after ascertaining occupancy of five social roles. Of 12379 participants aged 16–70, 9947 completed the GHQ on at least two consecutive occasions, resulting in 44139 paired observations. Random effects models adjusted for the correlation of repeated measures and for baseline GHQ score.Results. The odds ratio for the gender difference in the future prevalence of CMD (adjusted for baseline GHQ score) was 1·92 (95% CI 1·75–2·10). Neither the number or type of social roles occupied, nor socio-economic status explained the gender difference in these conditions (adjusted OR 1·82, 95% CI 1·66–1·99). While CMD at baseline was associated with a subsequent reduction in social role occupancy, this did not vary between men and women.Conclusions. Gender differences in CMD were not explained by differences in the number or type of social roles occupied by men and women, or by reverse causality. Future studies should consider characteristics of social roles, such as demand, control and reward.

scholarly journals Consumption of Total Olive Oil and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferre ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Objectives The association between olive oil intake and the risk of mortality has not been evaluated before in the US population. Our objective was to examine whether olive oil intake is associated with total and cause-specific mortality in two prospective cohorts of US men and women. We hypothesize that higher olive oil consumption is associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. Methods We followed 61,096 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1990–2016) and 31,936 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1990–2016) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed by a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and then every 4 years. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 26 years of follow-up, 32,868 deaths occurred. Compared with those participants who never consumed olive oil, those with higher olive oil intake (>1/2 tablespoon/d or >8g/d) had 15% lower risk of total mortality [pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.85 (0.81, 0.88)] after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher olive oil intake was associated with 15% lower risk of CVD death [0.85 (0.78, 0.92)], 38% lower risk of neurodegenerative disease death [0.62 (0.54, 0.71)], and 12% lower risk of respiratory death [0.88 (0.77, 1.00)]. Replacing 10 g of margarine, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with 7–20% lower risk of total mortality, and death from CVD, cancer, neurodegenerative, and respiratory diseases. No significant associations were observed when olive oil was replacing other vegetable oils combined (corn, safflower, soybean and canola oil). Conclusions We observed that higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of total mortality and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. The substitution of margarine, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with olive oil was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals The Impact of NAFLD and Waist Circumference Changes on Diabetes Development in Prediabetes Subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Yun Kyung Cho ◽  
Yu Mi Kang ◽  
Hwi Seung Kim ◽  
Chang Hee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diabetes Development ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with diabetes and the impact of waist circumference (WC) changes in subjects with prediabetes. We enrolled 6240 subjects with prediabetes who underwent health check-ups in 2007 and revisited our hospital at least once for a follow-up examination between 2008 and 2013. Subjects were stratified by WC changes into three groups. The relative risks (RRs) for diabetes according to the NAFLD status and WC change were evaluated. The prevalence of NAFLD was 45.4% (2830/6240). During follow-up, the incidence of diabetes was 8.1% (505/6240). Subjects with NAFLD had a higher incidence of diabetes and the adjusted RRs were 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47 to 2.21), after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The adjusted RRs were related to WC changes. The adjusted RRs for diabetes according to tertiles of WC change (first, second, and third tertile) were 1.64 (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.49), 1.73 (95% CI, 1.28 to 2.34), and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.42 to 2.93), respectively. NAFLD has significantly increased risk of incident diabetes in subjects with prediabetes. The risk for diabetes is gradually increased with tertiles of WC change.

Long-term Psychosocial Sequelae of Chronic Physical Disorders in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Pless ◽  
Christine Power ◽  
Catherine S. Peckham
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risks ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
Psychosocial Sequelae ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Objective. This study was designed to examine the long-term psychosocial sequelae of chronic physical disorders that begin during childhood. Design. We analyzed data from a national birth cohort. 12 537 children were followed until age 23 years—76% of all born in Britain during one week in 1958. Of these, 1667 had a chronic disorder before age 16 and 1279 were included in the 23-year follow-up. Measures. Outcome measures included self-reported psychological disturbances between ages 16 and 23, scores on the Malaise Inventory, social class, educational qualifications, unemployment, and social activities. Results. The total cumulative incidence rate before 16 years was 109.5 per 1000. Demographic comparisons showed that the group with chronic physical disorders was similar to those free of chronic disorders in all respects except the sex ratio. Men with chronic physical disorders had significantly higher relative risks for abnormal scores on the Malaise Inventory (1.52, confidence interval [C]]1.13, 2.05); specialist psychological care (1.43, CI 1.00, 2.03); poor educational qualifications (1.26, CI 1.08, 1.47); periods of unemployment (1.20, CI 1.03, 1.41); and less social drinking (1.36, CI 1.15, 1.60). In contrast, women only had a significantly elevated risk for having seen a mental health specialist (1.32, CI 1.02, 1.71). Among the men some of the risks were further elevated for those in specific diagnostic groups. These findings are examined in the light of postulates about the impact of chronic physical disorders as a whole and in an attempt to explain the striking sex differences. For clinicians they provide further reason to justify concern about the psychosocial aspects of care for children with chronic disorders.

Unemployment and Mental Well-Being: Elaboration of the Relationship

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Lahelma
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between unemployment and mental well-being was studied in 703 Finnish women and men who were originally employed in industry (manufacturing). A population survey with a follow-up measurement was carried out in 1983 and 1984. Mental well-being was measured by a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. The association between unemployment and mental ill-health proved to be a strong one. Cross-sectional analyses and analyses on the improvement of mental well-being were made. The impact of employment status on mental ill-health, as well as its improvement, was controlled for by means of logistic regression analysis (GUM). Several variables included in the design did not alter the main result, apart from the fact that the impact of unemployment was stronger among men than among women. The impact of unemployment proved to be independent and direct. The author compares these results with other studies that have used a similar approach, and discusses the significance of paid work in developed capitalist societies in an understanding of the adverse impacts of unemployment.

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