scholarly journals Family history of psychiatric disorders and age at first contact in schizophrenia: An epidemiological study

2002 ◽  
Vol 181 (S43) ◽  
pp. s19-s25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majella Byrne ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
Preben Bo Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe risk for schizophrenia has been associated with a family history of this and other psychiatric disorders. The relationship between age at first contact and family history of psychiatric illness is not certain.AimsTo estimate the risks for schizophrenia associated with a range of psychiatric diagnoses in family members and to investigate the relationship between these risks and age at first contact for schizophrenia.MethodA nested case–control study design was employed. Psychiatric admission data and socio-economic data were available for 7704 cases admitted between 1981 and 1998 in Denmark, 192 590 gender- and age-matched controls, and for the parents and siblings of all subjects.ResultsControlling for socio-economic factors, risk for schizophrenia was associated with a family history of all psychiatric disorders except substance misuse and independently with a family history of suicide. The risk for schizophrenia associated with a family history of psychiatric disorders decreased as age at first contact increased.ConclusionsRisk for schizophrenia is associated with a range of psychiatric disorders in family members and these risks are not constant across the risk period.

632 Family History of Children Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A248-A248
Author(s):  
Kristi Porterfield-Pruss ◽  
Denise Willis ◽  
Beverly Spray ◽  
Supriya Jambhekar
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Biological Father ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Familial Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Limited evidence suggests a familial association of OSA. It is not known how often children who require positive airway pressure (PAP) devices have a family member with OSA or that requires PAP. It is felt that PAP adherence in children is affected by PAP adherence in parents. We wanted to explore the relationship of OSA in children requiring PAP to OSA in immediate family members as well as the association of obesity and adherence between children and family members. Methods Caregivers of children who utilize PAP devices at home were invited to complete an electronic questionnaire regarding family history of OSA. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize results. Results The study was completed by 75 participants. The majority of children were male (64%, 48/75), black (47%, 35/75) and non-Hispanic (88%, 66/75). The mean age was 11.8 years (median 13) and mean BMI was 32.8 (median 29.8). The mean AHI on the diagnostic polysomnogram was 28.4 events per hour (median 15.3). Mean adherence to PAP > 4 hours per night was 56.5 (Median 68.2). Most, 87% (65/75), have other underlying medical problems. Twenty-four percent (18/75) have a biological father with OSA of whom 61% (11/18) are considered moderately/extremely obese. Of mothers, 13% (10/75) have OSA and 70% (7/10) are obese. Overall, 29% (22/75) had either a paternal (11%, 8/75) or maternal (19%, 14/75) grandfather with OSA of which 36% (8/22) are obese. For grandmothers, 31% (23/75) have OSA and 22% (5/23) are obese with more being paternal (19%, 14/75) compared to maternal (12%, 9/75). Of the 73 total family members reported to have OSA, 86% (63/73) use PAP and most (65%, 41/63) use it for > 4 hours every night. Few participants had siblings with OSA. Conclusion There were more fathers with OSA than mothers, but mothers were reported to be obese more often. Grandparents were reported to have OSA but were reported to be obese less often than parents. Maternal grandparents with OSA were reported to be obese more than paternal grandparents. The majority of family members with OSA who use CPAP report nightly use. Support (if any):

Dependency in Africa: Stages of African Political Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amechi Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper traces the history of the relationship between Africa and the West since their first contact brought about by the outward thrust of the West, under the impetus of rising capitalism, in search of cheap labour and cheap raw material for its industries and expanding markets for its industrial products, both of which could be better ensured through domination and exploitation. The paper identifies five successive stages that African political economy has passed through under the impact of this relationship, each phase qualitatively different from the other but all having the common characteristic of domination-dependence syndrome, and each phase having been dictated by the dynamics of capitalism in different eras and by the dominant forces in the changing international system. Its finding is that the way to the latest stage, the dependency phase, was paved by the progressive proletarianization of the African peoples and the maintenance of an international peonage system. It ends by indicating the direction in which Africa can make a beginning to break out of dependency and achieve liberation.

scholarly journals Risk of Dysglycemia in Pregnancy amongst Kenyan Women with HIV Infection: A Nested Case-Control Analysis from the STRiDE Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sonak D. Pastakia ◽  
Wycliffe K. Kosgei ◽  
Astrid Christoffersen-Deb ◽  
Benson Kiragu ◽  
John N. Hector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women With Hiv ◽  
Nested Case Control

Introduction. Gestational diabetes is a common complication, whose incidence is growing globally. There is a pressing need to obtain more data on GDM in low- and middle-income countries, especially amongst high-risk populations, as most of the data on GDM comes from high-income countries. With the growing awareness of the role HIV plays in the progression of noncommunicable diseases and the disproportionate HIV burden African countries like Kenya face, investigating the potential role HIV plays in increasing dysglycemia amongst pregnant women with HIV is an important area of study. Methods. The STRiDE study is one of the largest ever conducted studies of GDM in Kenya. This study enrolled pregnant women aged between 16 and 50 who were receiving care from public and private sector facilities in Eldoret, Kenya. Within this study, women received venous testing for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose between 8- and 20-week gestational age. At their 24-32-week visit, they received a venous 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Because of the pressing need to assess the burden of GDM within the population of pregnant women with HIV, a nested case-control study design was used. Pregnant women with HIV within the larger STRiDE cohort were matched to non-HIV-infected women within the STRiDE cohort at a 1 : 3 ratio based on body mass index, parity, family history of GDM, gestational age, and family history of hypertension. The measurements of glucose from the initial visit (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and follow-up visit (OGTT) were compared between the two groups of HIV+ cases and matched HIV- controls. Results. A total of 83 pregnant women with HIV were well matched to 249 non-HIV-infected women from the STRiDE cohort with marital status being the only characteristic that was statistically significantly different between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were not observed in the proportion of women who developed GDM, the fasting glucose values, the HbA1c, or OGTT measurements between the two groups. Discussion. Significant associations were not seen between the different measures of glycemic status between pregnant women with and without HIV. While significant differences were not seen in this cohort, additional investigation is needed to better describe the association of dysglycemia with HIV, especially in Kenyan populations with a higher prevalence of GDM.

scholarly journals The relationship between serum hepatitis B core-related antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiguo Xu ◽  
Lian Jia ◽  
Anjing Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pugh Class ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aims. The relationship between hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA has already been adequately researched in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, but there are only a few researches yet on the correlations between HBcrAg and HBV DNA in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Here we explore the correlation between HBcrAg and HBV DNA in this population. Methods. Available data and samples of 98 untreated patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis between October 2018 and October 2019 were analysed. Statistical analyses included baseline characteristics, univariate analysis, stratification analysis, three different analytical models, and a generalized additive model. Results. After adjusting for all recorded confounders (sex, age, diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma, total bilirubin（TBIL）, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg), Child–Pugh class, family history of HBV infection, family history of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and diabetes mellitus), a linear relationship was detected between HBcrAg and HBV DNA (β=0.59, 95%CI=0.34–0.84, P<0.0001). The variational trend of HBcrAg and HBV DNA in each stratified variable (sex, age, HBeAg, family history of HBV infection, family history of HCC, diabetes mellitus, diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma, Child–Pugh class, and ALD) were consistent. Conclusion. There was a linear and positive correlation between HBcrAg and HBV DNA in treatment-naïve patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Adiposity Measures and Plasma Adipokines in Females with Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa DeClercq ◽  
Yunsong Cui ◽  
Cynthia Forbes ◽  
Scott A. Grandy ◽  
Melanie Keats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Case Control Analysis ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plasma Markers

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between adipokines and adiposity in individuals with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis in the Atlantic PATH cohort. Using a nested case-control analysis, participants in the Atlantic PATH cohort with rheumatoid or osteoarthritis were matched for measures of adiposity with participants without a history of arthritis. Both measured and self-reported data were used to examine disease status, adiposity, and lifestyle factors. Immunoassays were used to measure plasma markers. BMI was positively correlated with percentage body fat, fat mass index (FMI), and a change in BMI from 18 years of age in all 3 groups. There were no statistical differences between levels of plasma adipokines; adiponectin levels were 6.6, 7.9, and 8.2 μg/ml, leptin levels were 10.3, 13.7, and 11.5 ng/ml, and resistin levels were 10.0, 12.1, and 10.8 ng/ml in participants without arthritis, with rheumatoid arthritis, and with osteoarthritis, respectively. Those with higher levels of adiponectin were more likely to have osteoarthritis (but not rheumatoid arthritis). No association was found between arthritis types and leptin or resistin. This study demonstrates differences in measures of adiposity and adipokines in specific types of arthritis and highlights the need for more research targeting specific adipokines during arthritic disease progression.

scholarly journals Diet, Lifestyles, Family History, and Prostate Cancer Incidence in an East Algerian Patient Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Cláudia M. Deus ◽  
Nuno Lourenço ◽  
Abderrezak Dahdouh ◽  
Albert A. Rizvanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Prostate cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of death in Algeria. To examine the relationship between lifestyle factors, including diet, and family history and PC risk, a case-control study was performed in an eastern Algerian population, comprising 90 patients with histologically confirmed PC and 190 controls. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the different variables. The data showed that consumption of lamb and beef meat and high intake of animal fat and dairy products increased PC risk. Seven to thirteen vegetables servings per week and fourteen or more servings decreased PC risk by 62% and 96%, respectively. Seven to fourteen fruit servings per week decrease PC risk by 98%. Green tea consumption reduced the risk of PC but the results were statistically borderline. Increased risk was observed for individuals with family history of PC in first and in second degree. A positive strong association was also found for alcohol and smoking intake and a dose-response relationship existed for quantity and history of smoking. This study suggests that dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and family history have influence on the development of PC in Algerian population.

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