Right-handedness and Left-handedness. (Journ. Anth. Inst., July—Dec., 1902.) Cunningham, D. J.

1903 ◽  
Vol 49 (206) ◽  
pp. 547-547
Author(s):  
Havelock Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
The Brain

This subject was chosen by Professor Cunningham for the third Huxley Memorial Lecture of the Anthropological Institute. He deals with it in a thorough manner and with wide knowledge of the extensive literature. He regards right-handedness as an organic acquirement of early man, due to natural selection. There is no good reason to show that monkeys are right-handed, and evidence obtained from Dr. Taylor, at the Darenth Asylum, showed that microcephalic idiots tend to be ambidextrous (five right-handed, four ambidextrous, one left-handed) The functional pre-eminence of the brain is the cause, and not the result, of right-handedness. Left-handedness may be regarded as due “probably to a transposition of the two cerebral hemispheres in the same way that transposition, either partial or complete, of the thoracic and abdominal viscera occurs.” It is noteworthy that there is a large proportion of left-handedness in those showing transposition of the viscera.

scholarly journals Generation of a Simplified Brain Geometry for the Calculation of Local Cerebral Temperature using a 1D Hemodynamic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-532
Author(s):  
Rosa Daschner ◽  
Lorena Krames ◽  
Yannick Lutz ◽  
Axel Loewe ◽  
Olaf Dössel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature Calculation ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Hemodynamic Model ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn Western countries, stroke is the third-most cause of death; 35- 55% of the survivors experience permanent disability. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH) showed neuroprotective effect in patients returning from cardiac arrest and is therefore assumed to decrease stroke induced cerebral damage. Recently, an intracarotid cooling sheath was developed to induce local TH in the penumbra using the cooling effect of cerebral blood flow via collaterals. Computational modeling provides unique opportunities to predict the resulting cerebral temperature without invasive procedures. In this work, we generated a simplified brain model to establish a cerebral temperature calculation using Pennes’ bio-heat equation and a 1D hemodynamics model of the cranial artery tree. In this context, we performed an extensive literature research to assign the terminal segments of the latter to the corresponding perfused tissue. Using the intracarotid cooling method, we simulated the treatment with TH for different degrees of stenosis in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and analyzed the resulting temperature spatialtemporal distributions of the brain and the systemic body considering the influence of the collaterals on the effect of cooling.

scholarly journals DNA methylation in peripheral tissues and Left-handedness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Odintsova ◽  
Matthew Sudermann ◽  
Fiona Hagenbeek ◽  
Doretta Caramaschi ◽  
Jouke-Jan Hottenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Left Handedness ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Correlation Range

Abstract Handedness has low heritability and epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as an etiological mechanism. To examine this hypothesis, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of left-handedness. In a meta-analysis of 3,914 adults of whole-blood DNA methylation, we observed that CpG sites located in proximity of handedness-associated genetic variants were more strongly associated with left-handedness than other CpG sites (P = 0.04), but did not identify any differentially methylated positions. We identified differentially methylated regions at 20q11.23 (P = 0.00004) and 2p25.1 (P = 0.03), which were less methylated in left-handed adults. In longitudinal analyses of DNA methylation in peripheral blood and buccal cells from children (N = 1,737), we observed moderately stable associations across age (correlation range [0.355–0.578]) but inconsistent across tissues (correlation range [-0.384-0.318]). We conclude that DNA methylation in peripheral tissues captures little of the variance in handedness. Future investigations should consider other more targeted sources of tissue, such as the brain.

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
R. Emberland ◽  
E. Glück ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pituitary Lesion ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

RAS in the Central Nervous System: Potential Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3333-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva ◽  
Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues Prestes ◽  
Victor Feracin ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors. However, another arm of the RAS formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and the Mas receptor has been a matter of investigation due to its important physiological roles, usually counterbalancing the classical effects exerted by Ang II. Objective: We aim to provide an overview of effects elicited by the RAS, especially Ang-(1-7), in the brain. We also aim to discuss the therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders for the modulation of RAS. Method: We carried out an extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results: Within the brain, Ang-(1-7) contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by acting at regions that control cardiovascular functions. In contrast with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and plays an inhibitory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1-7) not only exerts effects related to blood pressure regulation, but also acts as a neuroprotective component of the RAS, for instance, by reducing cerebral infarct size, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Pre-clinical evidence supports a relevant role for ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including stress-related and mood disorders, cerebrovascular ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few data are available regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in human CNS.

The Meditations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ott
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Developmental Reading ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Brain Image ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Sensible Qualities ◽  
The Brain

Despite its difference in aspiration, the Meditations preserves the basic structure of perceptual experience outlined in Descartes’s earliest works. The chapter explores Descartes’s notion of an idea and uses a developmental reading to clear up the mystery surrounding material falsity. In the third Meditation, our protagonist does not yet know enough about extension in order to be able to tell whether her idea of cold is an idea of a real feature of bodies or merely the idea of a sensation. By the time she reaches the end of her reflections, she has learned that sensible qualities are at most sensations. As in his earliest stages, Descartes believes that the real work of perceiving the geometrical qualities of bodies is done by the brain image, which he persists in calling an ‘idea,’ at least when it is the object of mental awareness.

The effect of hypophysectomy on physiological color change in Fundulus heteroclitus

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Abbott ◽  
M. B. Favreau
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Color Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Brain

Thirty-eight Fundulus heteroclitus were tested for ability to adapt to white and black backgrounds. They were then hypophysectomized and distributed individually to white and black containers. Their ability to adapt to background was determined for periods up to 2 weeks. Sixteen operated fish retained their preoperative ability to adapt; 8 became dark temporarily; 14 became persistently dark. Histological examination confirmed the result of the operation. In the third group of fish the persistent darkness was not associated with damage to specific areas of the brain although damage was more widespread in this group. It is concluded that hypophysectomy does not interfere with physiological color change in F. heteroclitus. The location of the central relays in the melanophore system could not be determined.

A Case of Rare Monstrosity in a Calf

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dozsa
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Heifer Calf

The literature on congenital anomalies of calves is reviewed, and the author describes a case of malformation in a purebred Hereford heifer calf. This animal, which lived for 3 days, had two muzzles and two sets of rudimentary teeth and lower lips. There were four cerebral hemispheres but no duplication of the other parts of the brain. On the basis of the organs which were duplicated, the monster was termed a disprosopus, distomus, diotus, triophthalmos, ditelencephalus and monometencephalus.

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