Chronic Schizophrenic Patients in the Community

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Cheadle ◽  
H. L. Freeman ◽  
J. Korer
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
State Examination

SummaryA sample of 190 patients, diagnosed as schizophrenic by the same psychiatrist, have been surveyed in an urban community and their clinical and social status assessed. Compared to the local population as a whole, a significantly greater proportion of the men had never married, and although the women had married at approximately the same rate as those in the general population, 25 per cent of them had been divorced by the time of the interview. Assessments of the subjects' clinical condition by the Present State Examination were analysed into four groups of syndromes. Only 27 patients showed schizophrenic or paranoid symptoms, whereas neurotic symptoms were not only prevalent but seemed to cause most of the reported personal problems. Twenty-eight patients were free of symptoms at the time of interview. The great majority of the sample (72 per cent) were being maintained on long-acting neuroleptics. These data will form the baseline to assess a monitoring system, designed to keep the local psychiatric services in touch with schizophrenic patients who might otherwise drop out of treatment.

scholarly journals PMH34 IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLNESS SEVERITY AND FUNCTIONING IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS SWITCHED TO RISPERIDONE LONG-ACTING INJECTION (RLAI)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. A320
Author(s):  
J Peuskens ◽  
M Povey ◽  
J Diels ◽  
J Van der Veken ◽  
A Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Illness Severity ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Predictors of 10-year mortality in a population of community-dwelling Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s360-s369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
Sergio Viana Peixoto ◽  
Divane L. Matos ◽  
Josélia O. A. Firmo ◽  
Elizabeth Uchôa
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Predictors Of Mortality ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Cruzi Infection

We used data on 1,399 participants aged 60 and over from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging to examine predictors of mortality in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. From 1997 to 2007, 599 participants died and 6.2% were lost to follow-up, leading to 12,415 person-years (pyrs) of observation. The death rate was 48.3 per 1,000 pyrs. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40), male gender (HR = 1.80), never married (HR = 1.78) or a widow (HR = 1.26), poor self-rated health (HR = 1.31), inability to perform four or more activities of daily living (HR = 3.29), number of cardiovascular risk factors (HR = 1.51 for two and HR = 1.91 for three or more), Trypanosoma cruzi infection (HR = 1.27), and number of medications (HR = 1.06) were each significantly (p < 0.05) and independently associated with mortality. The Mini-Mental State Examination score showed a protective effect (HR = 0.96). Except T. cruzi infection, other predictors of mortality were highly consistent with those found in more affluent elderly populations.

Psychopathology and global functioning in schizophrenic patients on depot antypsychotics and long-acting injectable risperidone: A six month comparative study

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S116
Author(s):  
A. Intxausti ◽  
A.L. Morera ◽  
C.C. González-Hernández ◽  
D. Alonso-Diaz ◽  
N. González-Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Further evidence of a cumulative effect of social disadvantage on risk of psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Stilo ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
S. Beards ◽  
K. Hubbard ◽  
A. Onyejiaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that indicators of social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, only a few studies have specifically looked at cumulative effects and long-term associations. The aims of this study are: To compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage at, and prior to, first contact with psychiatric services in patients suffering their first episode of psychosis and in a control sample. To explore long-term associations, cumulative effects, and direction of effects.MethodWe collected information on social disadvantage from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Three indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analysed.ResultsAcross all the domains considered, cases were more likely to report social disadvantage than were controls. Compared with controls, cases were approximately two times more likely to have had a parent die and approximately three times more likely to have experienced a long-term separation from one parent before the age of 17 years. Cases were also more likely than controls to report two or more indicators of adult social disadvantage, not only at first contact with psychiatric services [odds ratio (OR) 9.5], but also at onset of psychosis (OR 8.5), 1 year pre-onset (OR 4.5), and 5 years pre-onset (OR 2.9).ConclusionsGreater numbers of indicators of current and long-term exposure are associated with progressively greater odds of psychosis. There is some evidence that social disadvantage tends to cluster and accumulate.

Schizophrenic Patients and their Families a Survey in a Psychiatric service based on a DGH Unit

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gibbons ◽  
S. H. Horn ◽  
J. M. Powell ◽  
J. L. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Social Performance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Private Households ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
One Year

SummaryWe identified the population of schizophrenic patients under 65 in a geographically defined area. The number using psychiatric services based on a new District General Hospital unit in the course of one year was 364, a prevalence of 2.2 per 1000 adult population. Half the patients lived in supportive private households, most often with spouses or mothers. More women than men married and retained supporters. Patients and their primary supporters were interviewed separately. The PSE Catego programme classed 47 per cent of patients as psychotic. Supporters reported disturbed behaviour in 65 per cent of patients, and restricted social performance in 78 per cent. There was evidence of hardship (emotional and physical ill-health, problems with children) in 90 per cent of households. Supporters' subjective distress was directly related to the presence of psychosis and disturbed behaviour and inversely related to the duration of the illness. Drop-out and failure to take medication appeared to be causes of the relatively high prevalence of psychosis.

Theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia: symptomatology, severity and specificity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAHAM J. PICKUP ◽  
CHRISTOPHER D. FRITH
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Low Iq

Background. Several studies have examined the ability of schizophrenic patients to represent mental states (‘theory of mind'; ToM). There is consensus that some patients have impaired ToM, but there is disagreement about the relation between ToM and symptomatology, and about the severity and specificity of the deficit.Methods. Two first-order and one second-order false belief tests of ToM were given to groups of schizophrenic patients and psychiatric and normal controls. The relation between ToM and symptomatology was explored using regression and symptom subgroup analyses. Severity was investigated by using the same task methodology as in autism research, to enable direct comparison with that disorder. Specificity was investigated using matched control tasks which were as difficult as the ToM tasks, but did not require ToM.Results. Symptom subgroup analysis showed that schizophrenic patients with behavioural signs were impaired relative to controls on ToM, and that remitted patients and a single case with passivity symptoms performed as well as controls. Regression analysis showed that ratings of behavioural signs predicted impaired ToM in schizophrenia. There was weak evidence that a subgroup with paranoid symptoms had ToM impairments, although these were associated with low IQ. Schizophrenic patients only showed ToM deficits on the second-order task. No impairments appeared on the matched control tasks which did not require ToM.Conclusions. There is a clear association between ToM impairment and behavioural signs in schizophrenia. Deficits in paranoid patients are harder to detect with current tasks and may be compensated for by IQ-dependent problem-solving skills. ToM impairments in schizophrenia are less severe than in autism, but are specific and not a reflection of general cognitive deficits.

The Expectation of Outcome from Maintenance Therapy in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting

SummaryThe results from a prospective follow-up study of a group of schizophrenic patients suggest that a significant proportion (41 per cent) are likely to relapse during a two-year period despite the prescription of long-acting injectable neuroleptic drugs. Some will relapse because of a failure of the regime, but others (32–37 per cent) because the pharmacological protection of these drugs would appear to be less effective in certain patients. Even with the major advantages of the long-acting injectable neuroleptics over oral medication, the schizophrenic patient population remains a group with a high incidence of psychiatric and social morbidity which continues to require the full resources of both the hospital and community services.

scholarly journals Psychopharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia Over Time in 30 908 Inpatients: Data From the AMSP Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sermin Toto ◽  
Renate Grohmann ◽  
Stefan Bleich ◽  
Helge Frieling ◽  
Hannah B Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Psychotropic drugs are the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, often requiring lifelong treatment. Data on pharmacotherapy in inpatient settings are lacking. Methods Prescription data of schizophrenic inpatients within the time period 2000–2015 were obtained from the database of the Drug Safety Program in Psychiatry (AMSP). Data were collected at 2 index dates per year; the prescription patterns and changes over time were analyzed. Results Among 30 908 inpatients (mean age 41.6 years, 57.8% males), the drug classes administered most often were antipsychotics (94.8%), tranquilizers (32%), antidepressants (16.5%), antiparkinsonians (16%), anticonvulsants (14.1%), hypnotics (8.1%), and lithium (2.1%). The use of second-generation antipsychotics significantly increased from 62.8% in 2000 to 88.9% in 2015 (P < .001), whereas the prescription of first-generation antipsychotics decreased from 46.6% in 2000 to 24.7% in 2015 (P < .001). The administration of long-acting injectable antipsychotics decreased from 15.2% in 2000 to 11.7% in 2015 (P = .006). Clopazine was the most often used antipsychotic, having been used for 21.3% of all patients. Polypharmacy rates (≥5 drugs) increased from 19% in 2000 to 26.5% in 2015. Psychiatric polypharmacy (≥3 psychotropic drugs) was present in 44.7% of patients. Conclusions Combinations of antipsychotics and augmentation therapies with other drug classes are frequently prescribed for schizophrenic patients. Though treatment resistance and unsatisfactory functional outcomes reflect clinical necessity, further prospective studies are needed on real-world prescription patterns in schizophrenia to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this common practice.

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