Negative Symptoms, Tardive Dyskinesia and Depression in Chronic Schizophrenia

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S7) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R.E. Barnes ◽  
Peter F. Liddle ◽  
David A. Curson ◽  
Meena Patel
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

The existence of a definable and distinct negative syndrome within schizophrenia remains to be established (Barnes & Liddle, 1989). Addressing this issue, Sommers (1985) discusses three stages required to demonstrate validity for a syndrome. These are first, that the signs and symptoms must be shown to occur together. Second, operational definitions must be developed which will reliably identify and rate and features, and third, the relationships between the syndrome and other variables must be shown to be predictable. With respect to the second and third stages, this paper reports briefly on two recent studies which explored the relationship between negative features and other clinical features, specifically depressive symptoms and drug-induced movement disorder. The results of such studies (see also McKenna et al; and Lindenmayer & Kay, this volume) allow some assessment of the ability of the rating methods used to discriminate between negative symptoms and features such as drug-related bradykinesia and depressive features.

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia and some clinical correlates

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Brown ◽  
T. White
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Facial Movements ◽  
Components Analysis

SynopsisSyndromes of dyskinetic movements in subjects (N = 70) with chronic schizophrenia were investigated, using principal components analysis of AIMS ratings. Consonant with previous research, three discrete groupings were found, namely dyskinetic movements of lips-jaw-tongue, limb-truncal and facial movements. These were then related to demographic, psychological and movement disorder variables. The limb-truncal, but neither the lips-jaw-tongue nor facial movements components, were associated with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Increased plasma leptin as a novel predictor for psychopathological depressive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. e100018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Xu ◽  
Yumei Jiao ◽  
Mengjuan Xing ◽  
Yezhe Lin ◽  
Yousong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are often seen in schizophrenia. The overlap in presentation makes it difficult to distinguish depressive symptoms from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The adipokine leptin was found to be altered in both depression and schizophrenia. There are few studies focusing on the prediction of leptin in diagnosis and evaluation of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.ObjectiveAimsTo assess the plasma leptin level in patients with schizophrenia and its relationships with depressive symptoms.MethodsCross-sectional studies were applied to (1) compare the levels of plasma leptin between schizophrenia (n=74) and healthy controls (n=50); and (2) investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and depressive subscores.Results(1) Plasma leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. (2) Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between leptin levels and the depressed factor scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). (3) Stepwise multiple regression analyses identified leptin as an influencing factor for depressed factor score on PANSS.ConclusionLeptin may serve as a predictor for the depressive symptoms of chronic schizophrenia.

Panic Attacks in Chronic Schizophrenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Argyle
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Of 20 patients attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, seven had regular panic attacks, and these were often associated with agoraphobia and social phobia. Similar fears and avoidance in other cases were associated with paranoid ideas and negative symptoms. The relationship of panic to psychotic symptoms varied greatly. In two patients neuroleptics were associated with an increase in panic attacks.

Akathisia: Prevalence and Associated Dysphoria in an In-patient Population with Chronic Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Halstead ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes ◽  
Jeremy C. Speller
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depot Antipsychotic ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Dysphoric Mood

In a sample of 120 long-stay in-patients who fulfilled DSM–III–R criteria for schizophrenia, chronic akathisia and pseudoakathisia were relatively common, with prevalence figures of 24% and 18%, respectively. Compared with patients without evidence of chronic akathisia, those patients with the condition were significantly younger, were receiving significantly higher doses of antipsychotic medication, and were more likely to be receiving a depot antipsychotic. Patients who experienced the characteristic inner restlessness and compulsion to move of akathisia also reported marked symptoms of dysphoria, namely tension, panic, irritability and impatience. The findings support the suggestion that dysphoric mood is an important feature of akathisia. Male patients appeared to be at an increased risk of pseudoakathisia. No significant relation was found between chronic akathisia and tardive dyskinesia, although there was a trend for trunk and limb dyskinesia to be commonest in patients with chronic akathisia while orofacial dyskinesia was most frequently observed in those with pseudoakathisia. Akathisia may mask the movements of tardive dyskinesia in the lower limb. There was no evidence that akathisia was associated with positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia nor with depression.

Incidence and risk factors for severe tardive dyskinesia in older patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Caligiuri ◽  
Jonathan P. Lacro ◽  
Enid Rockwell ◽  
Lou Ann McAdams ◽  
Dilip V. Jeste
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Year

BackgroundSevere tardive dyskinesia (TD) represents a serious and potentially disabling movement disorder, yet relatively little is known about the incidence of and risk factors for severeTD.MethodWe report the results of a longitudinal prospective incidence study of severeTD in 378 middle-aged and elderly neuropsychiatric patients. Psychiatric, neuropsychological, pharmacological and motor variables were obtained at intake and at regular intervals for 36 months.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of severeTD was 2.5% after one year, 12.1% after two years, and 22.9% after three years. Individual univariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify demographic, psychiatric, motor and pharmacological predictors of severeTD. Results indicated that higher daily doses of neuroleptics at study entry, greater cumulative amounts of prescribed neuroleptic, and greater severity of worsening negative symptoms were predictive of severeTD Conclusions These findings suggest that conventional neuroleptics may be prescribed to older patients only when necessary and at the lowest effective dosage. Additional caution is recommended in patients exhibiting negative symptoms.

Tardive Dyskinesia and Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Yuen ◽  
Michael P. Caligiuri ◽  
Richard Williams ◽  
Ruth A. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

BackgroundControversy surrounds the relationship between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and symptoms of schizophrenia. While some studies reported that negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be a risk factor for TD, others reported a relationship between TD and positive symptoms.MethodEighty-four patients were studied, of whom 47 met criteria for TD. Clinical and instrumental procedures were used to increase the sensitivity of our assessments of the presence and severity of TD. Stepwise logistic and linear regression procedures were used to identify demographic variables, psychopathology, and motor parameters associated with the presence and severity of TD.ResultsA 3-factor model consisting of age, clinical tremor, and negative symptoms explained 25% of the variance in clinical TD severity. A 6-factor model consisting of female gender, instrumental and clinical measures of parkinsonism, positive, and negative symptoms explained 49% of the variance in severity of instrumentally derived dyskinesia.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the presence of TD may be associated with positive symptoms; that the severity of TD may be related to negative symptoms; and that the relationship between negative symptoms and TD severity may be influenced by the presence of parkinsonism.

Concomitant Rash and Blood Dyscrasias in Geriatric Psychiatry Patients Treated with Carbamazepine

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 884-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Cates ◽  
Richard Powers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Carbamazepine Therapy ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Rashes and blood dyscrasias are disconcerting adverse effects associated with carbamazepine therapy. Rashes are quite common, as are mild blood dyscrasias, such as mild leukopenias. Fortunately, severe rashes and blood dyscrasias are rare. There are few reports on the relationship between carbamazepine-induced rashes and blood dyscrasias, including a prospective study in which rash appeared concomitantly with leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia in 10 patients, two case reports in which simultaneous rash and agranulocytosis occurred, and two case reports in which rashes served as harbingers of fatal aplastic anemia. CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of concomitant rashes and blood dyscrasias in geriatric psychiatry patients receiving carbamazepine therapy for bipolar disorder. One patient was found to have a severe leukopenia within several days after rash onset. The other patient was discovered to have a severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia within about a month after rash onset. DISCUSSION: Current hematologic monitoring guidelines for carbamazepine rely heavily on the recognition of signs and symptoms of blood dyscrasias by clinicians and patients. We believe that our cases support the suggestion that patients who develop rashes receive more vigilant monitoring of the complete blood count, should carbamazepine therapy be continued. Given the currently available case reports and the fact that the incidence of drug-induced blood dyscrasias increases with advanced age, this recommendation may be particularly relevant for geriatric patients. CONCLUSIONS: Further study is required to establish whether carbamazepine-induced concomitant rashes and blood dyscrasias are valid associations insofar as monitoring is concerned.

Amendment of traditional assessment measures for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Farreny ◽  
Judith Usall ◽  
Jorge Cuevas-Esteban ◽  
Susana Ochoa ◽  
Gildas Brébion
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSchizophrenia research based on traditional assessment measures for negative symptoms appears to be, to some extent, unreliable. The limitations of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) have been extensively acknowledged and should be taken into account. The aim of this study is to show how the PANSS and the SANS conflate negative symptoms and cognition and to offer alternatives for the limitations found.MethodsA sample of 117 participants with schizophrenia from two independent studies was retrospectively investigated. Linear regression models were computed to explore the effect of negative symptoms and illness duration as predictors of cognitive performance.ResultsFor the PANSS, the item “abstract thinking” accounted for the association between negative symptoms and cognition. For the SANS, the “attention” subscale predicted the performance in verbal memory, but illness duration emerged as a stronger predictor than negative symptoms for outcomes of processing speed, verbal and working memory.ConclusionUtilizing alternative models to the traditional PANSS and SANS formats, and accounting for illness duration, provide more precise evidence on the relationship between negative symptoms and cognition. Since these measures are still extensively utilized, we recommend adopting more rigorous approaches to avoid misleading results.

Delayed and Often Persistent

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Tardive Dystonia

Tardive syndromes are drug-induced hyperkinetic movement disorders that occur as a consequence of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism/blockade. There are several types, including classical tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, tardive tics, tardive myoclonus, and tardive tremor, and it is important to the management of these disorders that the type of movement disorder induced is identified. Tardive syndromes can occur with all antipsychotic drugs, including so-called atypical drugs. Patients taking these drugs should be evaluated frequently for side effects. Evaluating the nature of the movement (i.e., chorea or dystonia) is important because treatment options can differ according to the type of dyskinesia present.

The Psychological Consequences of Tardive Dyskinesia the Effect of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism and the Topography of the Dyskinetic Movements

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Brown ◽  
Thomas White
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Anticholinergic Medication ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Drug Induced

The effect of drug-induced Parkinsonism and of the topography of the dyskinetic movements on the psychological consequences of tardive dyskinesia was assessed in 20 schizophrenic subjects and 20 non-dyskinetic schizophrenic controls matched for age, sex, the presence of anticholinergic medication, and the presence and severity of drug-induced Parkinsonism. Limb–truncal subscale scores but not orofacial scores had a significant correlation with cognitive impairment and with negative symptoms. Drug-induced Parkinsonism was found to be a powerful confounding variable.

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