Seismic Isolation: History, Application, and Performance—A World View

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Buckle ◽  
Ronald L. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Practical Reality

The concept of seismic or base isolation as a means of earthquake protection seems to be more than 100 years old. However, until very recently, few structures were built using this principle. Today the concept has matured into a practical reality and is taking its place as a viable alternate to conventional (fixed base) seismic resistant construction. This paper reviews some of the history of isolation and restates the basic elements of a modern isolation system. It then proceeds to review current activity, worldwide. Progress in the United States is discussed first followed by that in China, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, New Zealand and the Soviet Union. Directories of isolated structures in the United States, New Zealand and Japan are also included. Finally the performance of a selection of these structures during actual earthquakes is given.

Security Council

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Peace ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Foreign Ministers

The question of the threat to Thailand was discussed by the Security Council at its 673d and 674th meetings. After again explaining the reasons for his government's belief that the condition of tension in the general region in which Thailand was located would, if continued, endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, the Thai representative, Pote Sarasin, again requested that the Peace Observation Commission establish a sub-commission of from three to five members to dispatch observers to Thailand and to visit Thailand itself if it were deemed necessary. The Thai draft differed from earlier Thai proposals, however, in that the original mandate of the sub-commission applie only to the territory of Thailand; if the sub-commission felt that it could not adequately accomplish its mission without observation or visit in states contiguous to Thailand, the Peace Observation Commission or the Security Council could issue the necessary instructions. Representatives of New Zealand, Turkey, Brazil, China, the United Kingdom, the United States, Denmark, Colombia and France spoke in support of the Thai draft. They denied, as had been alleged by the Soviet representative (Tsarapkin) at an earlier meeting, that Council consideration or action on this question would be detrimental to the success of the negotiations between the Foreign Ministers of the United States, United Kingdom, France, Chinese People's Republic, Soviet Union and other states in Geneva. While agreeing that it would be impropitious for the Council to consider directly the situation in Indochina as long as it was being discussed in Geneva, they argued that the question raised by Thailand was quite separate and that the Council had a duty to comply with the Thai request.

The Influence of Isolator Hysteresis on Equipment Performance in Seismic Isolated Buildings

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Yang ◽  
Dimitrios Konstantinidis ◽  
James M. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Displacements ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Seismic Input ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Isolation Systems

The seismic isolation code which must be used for all seismic isolated buildings in the United States is conservative in many of its provisions. While seismic isolation is flourishing in other countries, it is underused in the United States. For static analysis and for the selection of time histories, the spectrum is constant-velocity for periods of one second and longer, leading to large displacements for long period systems and forcing the designer to use added damping to reduce these displacements. The damping systems used are hysteretic with the characteristic that damping decreases with increasing displacement. To achieve the damping needed to reduce these large displacements, expected from very rare seismic input, means that at smaller displacements, caused by realistic levels of seismic input, the damping will be very much higher, and there may be stiffening of the isolation system, meaning that the building may not act as isolated and there may be an impact on sensitive internal equipment. This paper shows how highly damped isolation systems are counterproductive to isolation and suggests an alternative approach that will conform to code requirements but ensure that, at moderate earthquake inputs, the equipment remains protected, and the large code-mandated displacements are kept to acceptable levels.

Alexander Motyl: The Demise of Soviet Language

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
May Day

It was more than evident last year that the ideology of the Brezhnev period—that coherent world view, that set of concepts that structured Soviet reality—was on its last legs. Significantly, that particular ideology is now quite dead. It is no longer on its last legs; it is no longer dying; it has been eliminated from political discourse within the Soviet Union. One may go so far as to say that Marxism-Leninism is virtually absent from Soviet discourse as well. One example is this year's May Day slogans. They could have been found at any peace demonstration in the United States. They have nothing to do with that which we knew as communism in the Soviet Union.

Impediments to the Implementation of Seismic Isolation

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Mayes ◽  
Lindsay R. Jones ◽  
Ian G. Buckle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
The Status

There are over 125 civil engineering structures worldwide that have been constructed using the principles of seismic isolation and 15 of these are in the United States. Although use of the technology is increasing in the United States it is significantly less than that seen in Japan and New Zealand. Some of the impediments that have been encountered, such as design codes, economics and government leadership are discussed and the paper provides a summary of the status of some of the solutions required for its more widespread use in the United States. A comparison with the Japanese implementation process is also provided.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Utopias of One

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Kotin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Soviet Union

This book is a new account of utopian writing. It examines how eight writers—Henry David Thoreau, W. E. B. Du Bois, Osip and Nadezhda Mandel'shtam, Anna Akhmatova, Wallace Stevens, Ezra Pound, and J. H. Prynne—construct utopias of one within and against modernity's two large-scale attempts to harmonize individual and collective interests: liberalism and communism. The book begins in the United States between the buildup to the Civil War and the end of Jim Crow; continues in the Soviet Union between Stalinism and the late Soviet period; and concludes in England and the United States between World War I and the end of the Cold War. In this way it captures how writers from disparate geopolitical contexts resist state and normative power to construct perfect worlds—for themselves alone. The book contributes to debates about literature and politics, presenting innovative arguments about aesthetic difficulty, personal autonomy, and complicity and dissent. It models a new approach to transnational and comparative scholarship, combining original research in English and Russian to illuminate more than a century and a half of literary and political history.

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