Reconstruction after Earthquakes: Sustainability and Development

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcira Kreimer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
The One

This paper identifies key sustainability issues arising in earthquake-related projects financed by The World Bank. First, Bank-financed reconstruction activities are briefly described within the background of the Bank's objectives in development. Second, the connections between human activities and development decisions on the one hand and seismic risk and vulnerability on the other are discussed. The multiple nature of earthquake-related losses are identified, including economic (direct and indirect), time-related and institutional losses. Third, resource mobilization efforts following disasters are discussed, including issues related to local and international aid. Fourth, the inclusion of measures geared to preventing losses in Bank-financed reconstruction efforts are explored within the overall context of preserving sustainability and reducing vulnerability. The paper offers the conclusion that the losses from vulnerable development amount to a significant burden to member countries governments, institutions, and populations.

Politische Institutionenökonomik multilateraler Entwicklungshilfe

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Gelbhaar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Aid Policy

AbstractThe article analyses the economic rationality of multilateral arrangements in foreign aid policy. In the centre of attention is a comparison of patterns of valuation taken from the theory of welfare concerning selected forms of international co-operation. Furthermore, the paper discusses patterns of explanation for the coming into being and the function of multilateral organisations from a publicchoice- perspective. The result of politico-economic evaluation is ambivalent: On the one hand those institutions reduce the transparency and the possibility of democratic and parliamentary control of international politics respectively. Thus, the structural efficiency of the aims of political programs could be endangered. Furthermore specific agency-problems aggravate the conditions for the realisation of political aims at minimum cost. On the other hand multilateral organisations open up a special strategic set of action for democratically elected politicians upon which institutions such as the IMF or the World Bank could at least possibly foster economic welfare.

Aid Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Constantine Michalopoulos
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Imf

The collaboration the U4 launched at Utstein covered a wide variety of development issues handled by different international institutions. This involved in the first place coordination of their positions at the World Bank and the IMF, and the UN and its funds, programmes, and agencies. The World/Bank IMF were very important both because of the size and extent of their own programmes but also for helping developing countries manage the overall poverty reduction strategies within which all bilateral aid was supposed to fit. Increasing the effectiveness of bilateral aid could only succeed if it were part of a consistent overarching multilateral effort. This chapter starts with a discussion of U4 efforts to ensure that the poverty reduction strategies developed with the help of the World Bank/IMF in connection with debt relief actually reflected developing country priorities. It then moves on to U4’s efforts to improve the effectiveness of UN programmes which tended to be characterized by fragmentation and inefficiencies. The last part addresses the problem of coherence and collaboration between the IMF and the World Bank—the international financial institutions, on the one hand, and the UN and its agencies, on the other.

scholarly journals Chopping the world into bits: Africa, the World Bank, and the good governance norm

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This article explores norms as idealizations, in an attempt to grasp their significance as projects for international organizations. We can think about norms as ‘standards of proper behaviour’. In this sense they are somehow natural, things to be taken for granted, noticed only really when they are absent. We can also think about norms as ‘understandings about what is good and appropriate’. In this sense, norms embody a stronger sense of virtue and an ability to enable progress or improvement. Norms become ideal when they are able to conflate what is good with what is appropriate, standard, or proper. It is when the good becomes ‘natural’ that a norm appears immanent and non-contestable, and so acquires an idealized form.45Along with the other articles in this special issue, I will attempt to challenge some of the complacency surrounding the apparent naturalness and universality of norms employed in international relations.

Governance, the World Bank and Liberal Theory

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Williams ◽  
Tom Young
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Moral Action ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Moral Theorizing

We examine the recent debates about governance, focusing particularly on the World Bank and identify certain factors which have in recent years moved the Bank's thinking beyond narrowly economic notions of development. Our account is tentative and we suggest further avenues of research. We try to connect the Bank's thinking systematically with key features of liberal discourse and suggest that this can do much to illuminate practice. We illustrate this with a discussion of the growing relationship between the Bank and NGOs, to contribute to forms of analysis which go beyond the ideas vs. interests polarities that still inform so much of contemporary social and political theory. There ought not to be two histories, one of political and moral action and one of political and moral theorizing, because there were not two pasts, one populated only by actions, the other only by theories. Every action is the bearer and expression of more or less theory-laden beliefs and concepts; every piece of theorizing and every expression of belief is a political and moral action. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, p.61

scholarly journals Towards Which Model of Capitalism Are the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe Going to? Comparative Analysis of this Trajectory and Its Post-Transition Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Oriola Musa
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
State Capitalism ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Transition Issues

The end of the Socialist System marked the apparent victory of his adversary: the Capitalist System. Meanwhile the "Recipes" for building the Capitalism in the Countries of the East were Standard and fully complied with the "Washington Consensus" led by the IMF and the World Bank, the reality itself nowadays is facing these Countries with two different challenges. On the one hand, their individual developments during the transition process were very different and their situations quite specific, on the other hand, today they should answer the question towards which model of Capitalism are they going to or privileging: The Anglo-Saxon Model? The German-Scandinavian Model? The French State Capitalism Model, or the Japanese Co-Operative Model?

2 Highlights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichtenstein Natalie
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multilateral Development Banks ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
Set Up

Chapter 2, Highlights, offers a survey of the key features of the AIIB Charter that define AIIB, in close comparison with the Charters of other multilateral development banks (AfDB, AsDB, EBRD, IADB and the World Bank). The highlights of the coming Chapters are summarized, offering answers to the basic questions about AIIB: Why establish AIIB? (Mandate, Chapter 3) What will AIIB do? (Investment Operations, Chapter 4) Who will join AIIB? (Membership, Chapter 5) How will AIIB be funded? (Capital and Finance, Chapter 6) How will AIIB be run? (Governance, Chapter 7) How was AIIB first set up? (Transitions, Chapter 8) How will the organization work? (Institutional Matters, Chapter 9). The Chapter concludes with some observations about heritage and innovation in the AIIB Charter, outlining principal similarities and differences with the other Charters.

Social Indicators: A Comparison Among Selected Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Badar Alam Iqbal ◽  
Mohd Nayyer Rahman ◽  
Munir Hasan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The difference between growth and development is not subtle but substantially huge and the gap is ever increasing. The dividing line is social indicators. Countries witnessing high growth rates for decades are not equal performers in development when social indicators are observed. India is an emerging economy on the one hand and a developing on the other hand but a lower income country as per World Bank statistic. While India holds economic indicators that appears to be promising to the world and investors that is not the case with social indicators. The present study is an attempt to critically review the social indicators for India and to trace the trajectory of fall or growth in such indicators while comparing with selected countries.

Cooperative or Inoperative? Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank’s Inspection Panel

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sovacool
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
International Financial Institution ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One

The World Bank remains the largest international financial institution in the world. This case study examines the effectiveness of the World Bank’s Inspection Panel. The Inspection Panel makes it possible for citizens and communities to challenge World Bank projects through an independently administered accountability process. Between 1994 and 2016, the World Bank Inspection Panel has received 112 requests for inspection across more than 50 countries. This case study analyzes the history, dynamics, benefits, and barriers to the Inspection Panel, including an assessment of World Bank projects spread across Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, Nigeria, Romania, Tibet, Togo, and Uzbekistan. On doing so, this case study highlights how Inspection Panels like the one operating at the World Bank can improve and enhance governance outcomes and result in more equitable decision-making processes. Yet there are also limits to what such independent accountability mechanisms can accomplish.

Measuring Entrepreneurship: Do Established Metrics Capture Schumpeterian Entrepreneurship?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Henrekson ◽  
Tino Sanandaji
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Start Ups

We compile four hand-collected measures of high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship (venture capital-funded IPOs, self-made billionaire entrepreneurs, unicorn start-ups, and young top global firms founded by individual entrepreneurs) and six measures dominated by small business activity as well as institutional and economic variables for 64 countries. Factor analysis reveals that a great deal of the variation is accounted for by two distinct factors: one relating to high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship and the other relating to small business activity. Except for the World Bank measure of firm registration of limited liability companies, quantity-based measures tend to be inappropriate proxies for high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship.

NGOs, Donors, and the State in Bangladesh

1997 ◽  
Vol 554 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
World Bank Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Case Study

This article examines nongovernmental organization (NGO) partnership issues in the light of a 1996 World Bank report that seeks to promote a greater level of partnership between government and NGOs. The first part of the article briefly reviews Bangladesh's now well-known NGO sector. The continuing status of independent Bangladesh as a major recipient of international aid has created an environment in which the growth of most private voluntary development agencies is directly linked with the provision of external resources. While the World Bank report urges closer cooperation between NGOs and government, it ignores the fact that many existing partnerships are often of a dependent character. The second part of this article presents a recent case study of NGO-government linkages in aquaculture. The purpose is to examine the realities of the current rhetoric of NGO-government partnership that are found to be driven primarily by resource priorities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document