Passive Control of Building Response Using Energy Dissipating Cladding Connections

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Pinelli ◽  
James I. Craig ◽  
Barry J. Goodno ◽  
Cheng-Chieh Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
System A ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Ductile cladding connections take advantage of the cladding-structure interaction during an earthquake to dissipate energy. An experimental test program studied the behavior of the different components of a connection system. Analytical models of the connection were incorporated into a 2D model of a six story building with cladding. Time histories of the energy demand and supply to the building, both with and without cladding, trace the response of the structure to earthquake excitations. Results show that properly designed energy dissipative connector elements can be responsible for the total hysteretic energy dissipated in the structural system. A design criterion for the connection that is formulated in terms of energy provides the optimal balance of stiffness and strength to be added to the structure by the dissipators. It results in maximum energy dissipation in the connectors, no plastification in the structural members, and reduced structural response. This approach could be applicable to both new and retrofitted buildings.

scholarly journals A Boom Energy Regeneration System of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavator Using Energy Conversion Components

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tri Cuong Do ◽  
Duc Giap Nguyen ◽  
Tri Dung Dang ◽  
Kyoung Kwan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Regeneration ◽  
System A ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Novel Design

In this paper, a novel design of an energy regeneration system was proposed for recovering as well as reusing potential energy in a boom cylinder. The proposed system included a hydraulic pump/motor and an electrical motor/generator. When the boom moved down, the energy regeneration components converted the hydraulic energy to electrical energy and stored in a battery. Then, the regenerated energy was reused at subsequent cycles. In addition, an energy management strategy has been designed based on discrete time-optimal control to guarantee position tracking performance and ensure component safety during the operation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, a co-simulation (using MATLAB and AMESim) was carried out. Through the simulation results, the maximum energy regeneration efficiency could achieve up to 44%. Besides, the velocity and position of the boom cylinder achieved good performance with the proposed control strategy.

scholarly journals Optimising the Operation of Tidal Range Schemes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Xue ◽  
Reza Ahmadian ◽  
Roger Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Similar Operation ◽  
Swansea Bay ◽  
The Uk

Marine renewable energy, including tidal renewable energy, is one of the less exploited sources of energy that could contribute to energy demand, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Amongst several proposals to build tidal range structure (TRS), a tidal lagoon has been proposed for construction in Swansea Bay, in the South West of the UK, but this scheme was recently rejected by the UK government due to the high electricity costs. This decision makes the optimisation of such schemes more important for the future. This study proposes various novel approaches by breaking the operation into small components to optimise the operation of TRS using a widely used 0-D modelling methodology. The approach results in a minimum 10% increase in energy output, without the inclusion of pumping, in comparison to the maximum energy output using a similar operation for all tides. This increase in energy will be approximately 25% more when pumping is included. The optimised operation schemes are used to simulate the lagoon operation using a 2-D model and the differences between the results are highlighted.

Passive Control of Structural Vibration in Base-Isolated Shear Structures

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Passive Control ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Shear Structures ◽  
Oscillating Systems ◽  
Analytic Models

Abstract This paper presents three analytic models for predictions or structural response of oscillating systems with Coulomb and viscous friction. Numeric results were obtained from the models and compared to demonstrate the effects of friction on vibration amplification.

scholarly journals Study of Mechanical Energy Dissipation by Normal and Decalcified Animals Bones

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Syed Ismail Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy Dissipation ◽  
Energy Dissipated

The energy dissipated properties of normal and decalcified femur, rib and scapula bones of animals ox and camel have been studied by uniform bending technique. A hysteresis curve has been observed between the elevation in bone and load applied. It is observed that the energy dissipated as calculated from the hysteresis loop for rib is more than that of femur and scapula of ox and camel. It has been observed that the dissipation of energy in normal bone is less than that of decalcified bone under the same condition of applied load. The highest energy dissipation was observed in case of rib bone of camel compared to that of any other bone, rib of camel and scapula of ox dissipates maximum energy than femur bones. The study suggests that this technique is simple, elegant and inexpensive besides accurate in determining viscoelastic properties of bone.

Effects of Nonlinear Riser-Soil Interaction Model on Fatigue Design of Steel Catenary Riser Under Random Waves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Kimiaei
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Steel Catenary Riser ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Main Components

Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) are one of the main components in development of oil and gas fields in deep waters. Fatigue design of SCRs in touch down zone (TDZ) is one of the main engineering challenges in design of riser systems. Nonlinear riser-soil interaction models have recently been introduced and used widely in advanced structural analysis of SCRs. Due to hysteretic nonlinear behavior of the soil, SCR system will show different structural response under different loading time histories. This paper investigates the effects of nonlinear riser-soil interaction in the TDZ on fatigue performance of an example SCR subjected to randomly generated waves. Sensitivity of fatigue life of the system, location of the critical node and the maximum stress range to different wave realizations and different soil types are discussed in detail.

Periodic Optimal Control of Dampers

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash S. Kasturi ◽  
Pierre E. Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Singular Control ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Periodic Forcing ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Alternate Control ◽  
Energy Dissipated

Abstract Optimal control of dampers has been proposed to mitigate vibration effects in mechanical systems. In many cases, systems are subject to periodic forcing and the goal is to maximize the energy dissipated by the damper. In contrast to prior work utilizing instantaneous or infinite-time-horizon optimization, this paper employs periodic optimal control to maximize the energy dissipated per cycle. For single degree of freedom systems in which the maximum allowable control effort is of the same order as the forcing magnitude, a state-dependent singular control law is shown to deliver maximum energy dissipation. Alternate control laws are proposed for situations when rattlespace requirements dictate damper displacements other than that of the singular solution.

Urban shared energy systems and behaviour change − simulating a common pooled resource problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Alexander Burton ◽  
Christopher Ryan ◽  
Behzad Rismanchi ◽  
Seona Candy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System A ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Future Supply

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test a new methodology for simulating shared electricity generation among small groups of neighbours with Ostrom’s (1994) principles of common pool resource (CPR) (human behaviour-based) efficiencies. The approach does not anticipate exclusive off-grid communities but instead, diverse energy users taking advantage of the averaging effects of aggregation, the social benefits of a CPR and direct action on emissions. Design/methodology/approach The study tested three groups of five adjacent − or same-building − neighbours for three months to measure how electricity demand (import) is affected by an in-home display issuing nudges and sanctions by the group around a simulated (limited capacity) shared solar and battery system. A control group of six homes’ energy data was obtained for the same period. Findings Two groups reduced their energy demand with weak but significant correlation between stimulus and reduced energy demand and one group increased demand. There were no significant effects in time-of-use behaviours. Research limitations/implications The study shows that the interaction between consumers and energy systems can in this instance be simulated with inexpensive equipment. Studying dynamic interactions between people and systems provides new data where supply simulations have been one-sided. There is support in this work that the energy supply can be presented as a rivalrous commons system. Practical implications Urban adjacent neighbours (and apartment occupants in the same building or campus) exhibit emergent group behaviours around electricity use conservation and time-of-use. Managing energy demand is very difficult but very important for making consumer behaviour “fit” the future supply of energy which may be unreliable and limited. Social implications There are likely social benefits and other overflow benefits when neighbours can share a critical resource. There are other critical services that may be managed according to the Ostrom commons principles. The sharing group will be more resilient in terms of electricity but also in terms of social capital. Originality/value The work builds on the work of Rachel Coxcoon and others who have identified that groups perform better at certain challenges than individuals do. This aligns with scale and operational efficiencies in shared renewable energy infrastructure. Shaping behaviour and the generation systems together for optimal outcomes is new work.

Parametric Study on Economic Feasibility of Microturbine Cogeneration Systems by an Optimization Approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Gamou ◽  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Equation Problem ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Cogeneration System

Economic feasibility of microturbine cogeneration systems is investigated by analyzing relationships between the optimal number of microturbine units and the maximum energy demands under various conditions. For this purpose, a method to obtain the maximum energy demand at which the optimal number changes is proposed by combining a nonlinear equation problem and an optimal unit sizing problem hierarchically. Based on the proposed method, a map expressing the aforementioned relationships can be illustrated. Through numerical studies carried out on systems installed in hotels by changing the electrical generating efficiency and the capital unit cost of the microturbine cogeneration unit as parameters, the influence of the parameters on the economic feasibility of the microturbine cogeneration system is clarified.

A Pareto-Based Genetic Algorithm Search Approach to Handle Damped Natural Frequency Constraints in Turbo Generator Rotor System Design

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Angantyr ◽  
Jan Olov Aidanpa¨a¨
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Generator Rotor ◽  
System A ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Search Approach

The detailed design of a turbo generator rotor system is highly constrained by feasible regions for the damped natural frequencies of the system. A major problem for the designer is to find a solution that fulfills the design criterion for the damped natural frequencies. The bearings and some geometrical variables of the rotor are used as the primary design variables in order to achieve a feasible design. This paper presents an alternative approach to search for feasible designs. The design problem is formulated as an optimization problem and a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for feasible designs. Then, the problem is extended to include another objective (i.e., multiobjective optimization) to show the potential of using the optimization formulation and a Pareto-based GA in this rotordynamic application. The results show that the presented approach is promising as an engineering design tool.

Gaseous Deflagration in Piping: Part 1 — Experimental Observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Ligon ◽  
David J. Gross ◽  
John C. Minichiello
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Flame Acceleration ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Measured Pressure

The focus of this paper is on gaseous deflagration in piping systems and the corresponding implications on piping analysis and design. Unlike stable detonations that propagate at a constant speed and whose pressure-time histories can in some cases be predicted analytically, deflagration flame speeds and pressure-time histories are transient and depend on both the gas mixture and geometry of the pipe. This paper presents pressure and pipe strain data from gaseous deflagration experiments in long and short test apparatuses fabricated from either 2-inch or 4-inch diameter pipes. These data are used to demonstrate a spectrum of measured pressure-time histories and corresponding pipe response. It is concluded that deflagrations can be categorized as either “high” or “slow” speed with respect to pipe response. Slow deflagrations can be treated as quasi-static pressurizations, but high speed deflagrations can generate shock waves that dynamically excite the pipe. The existence of a transition from quasi-static to dynamic response has ramifications in regards to piping structural analysis and design, and a method for predicting the expected deflagration structural response using a semi-empirical flame acceleration model is proposed.

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