Detection of bone marrow involvement in breast cancer with magnetic resonance imaging.

PURPOSE To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting bone marrow metastases in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with breast cancer in various stages (stage IV, 11; stage III, five; stage II, seven) were evaluated for bone marrow involvement. MRIs of marrow from lumbar spine, pelvis, and proximal femora were obtained with a 1.5-Tesla unit. All patients underwent bilateral bone marrow aspirations and biopsies for histologic evaluation and immunostaining with monoclonal antibody (MoAB) against low-molecular weight cytokeratin (CAM 5.2). Marrow MRI findings were compared with technetium 99m bone scans. Patients with stage II or III disease were monitored for clinical outcome. Possible correlation of MRI findings with serum alkaline phosphatase level was explored. RESULTS Fourteen of 23 patients showed MRI abnormalities suggestive of metastatic marrow disease (stage IV, nine; stage III, two; stage II, three). In six patients with abnormal MRIs, histology and MoAB immunostaining confirmed marrow involvement (stage IV, five; stage III, zero; stage II, one). In the other eight patients with MRI abnormalities, neither of these methods confirmed the presence of marrow metastasis. Four of five operable breast cancer (stage II-III) patients with an abnormal initial MRI showed additional abnormalities on follow-up examination and developed metastatic disease within 5 to 18 months demonstrable by conventional clinical methods. Conversely, none of the operable patients with negative MRIs developed recurrent disease at 3 to 16 months (Student's t test, P = .01). Nine patients with a normal MRI had no evidence of marrow involvement with histologic or MoAB immunostaining (stage IV, two; stage III, two; stage II, five). Of 14 patients with abnormal MRIs, bone scans were normal in seven and failed to show corresponding abnormalities in six. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed a direct relationship with abnormal bone scans indicating extensive bony involvement, but failed to correlate with positive marrow MRIs. CONCLUSION MRI is a promising new technique to detect occult marrow involvement in breast cancer patients. There is a good correlation between abnormal marrow MRI and early development of clinical metastatic disease in patients with stage II to III disease.

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The Role of Bone Marrow Examination in the Initial Evaluation of Pediatric Hodgkin’ Disease: The Canadian Perspective.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.2326.2326 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 2326-2326

Author(s):

David C. Simpson ◽

Jun Gao ◽

Conrad V. Fernandez ◽

Margaret Yhap ◽

Victoria E. Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Bone Marrow Examination ◽

Pet Scan ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) is the most common lymphoma affecting young adults and teenagers. Bone marrow involvement is rare but if present, infers Stage IV disease and an inferior outcome. Adult studies have suggested that bone marrow examination (BME) may not be necessary unless certain risk factors are present. However, some pediatric centers continue to perform BME routinely on all children with HD. BME is invasive and generally performed under conscious sedation in children. We validated and administered an internet-based survey to examine the practice of all Canadian pediatric oncologists regarding BME in children with HD. We also retrospectively evaluated the impact of routine BME on the HD patients treated at our institution over the past 27 years. Forty-three percent of eligible physicians (n=93) completed the survey and 16 of a total of 17 Canadian pediatric oncology centers were represented. BME universally consisted of bilateral bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies. Routine BME for Stage III and IV disease was consistently practised nationally (by 92% and 97% of respondents, respectively). By contrast, 54% and 70% of respondents reported performing routine BME in low stage (Stage I and II) disease, respectively. Respondents were more likely to report performing routine BME in low stage patients, if their pediatric hematology/oncology training was entirely outside Canada (p=0.04 for Stage I and p=0.07 for Stage II) and if they practiced at smaller centers (p=0.05 for Stage I and p=0.03 for Stage II). There were no differences in practice regarding BME associated with the number of years in practice or the number of patients seen annually by the respondent. If not part of routine staging for all patients, BME was more likely performed if there were “B” symptoms, cytopenias, and/or bulky disease. Most respondents (95%) would proceed with BME following a positive PET scan. In the review of local institutional practice, 62 patients with HD and BME were eligible for analysis. Only 4 patients (6.5%) had a positive BME. No patient with otherwise low stage disease was found to have bone marrow involvement. Two patients, who would have been assigned as Stage III disease, were upstaged to Stage IV due to their BME. Comparison of staging with and without BME demonstrated no significant difference. Hemoglobin level was found to be the to be the only significant risk factor for marrow involvement based on univariate analysis(put in statisticp=0.006). Age, gender, histologic subtype, presence of “B” symptoms, and other blood parameters (white count, platelets, ESR and transaminases) were not significant factors. Practice regarding BME in children with low stage HD is highly variable across Canada. Bone marrow examination in pediatric patients with low stage HD should be abandoned, unless there is a specific indication to do so (for example positive PET scan or unexplained anemia). Moreover, BME does not appear to add any additional therapeutic direction for higher stage patients.

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The significance of bone marrow involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1986.4.10.1462 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 1462-1469 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

J M Bennett ◽

K C Cain ◽

J H Glick ◽

G J Johnson ◽

E Ezdinli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Biopsy ◽

Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Oncology Group ◽

Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Data from four clinical trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) were used to investigate the importance of bone marrow involvement as a prognostic factor in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A total of 502 patients, 275 with nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NLPD) and 227 with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) or diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma (DML), were included in this analysis. Patients were separated into four categories: stage III, stage IV with bone marrow involvement (stage IV-M), stage IV without marrow involvement (stage IV-O), and stage IV with bone marrow and other organ involvement (stage IV-OM). Among the DHL and DML patients, the incidence of marrow involvement was 23%. However, stage IV-M patients had a prognosis that is similar to stage IV-O and stage IV-OM and worse than stage III patients. In contrast, the incidence of involvement with NLPD was 59% and patients with stage IV-M had a survival not different than stage III and not worse than stage IV-O and stage IV-OM. The results suggest that the current emphasis on bone marrow biopsy(s) as a routine diagnostic staging procedure for patients with NHL should be reevaluated. The necessity for this procedure in stage III patients with NLPD is not apparent from our data. One can still justify a bone marrow biopsy in stage I and II patients and can confirm the complete clinical response when all nodes have regressed in more advanced disease.

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Mediastinal Mass with Bone Marrow Involvement Is a Favorable Factor for Childhood T-Lymphoid Malignancy in Japan.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v108.11.4525.4525 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 4525-4525

Author(s):

Megumi Oda ◽

Keiko Yumura-Yagi ◽

Junichi Hara ◽

Shinichiro Nishimura ◽

Akio Tawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

T Cell ◽

Mediastinal Mass ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Lymphoid Malignancy ◽

Specific Protocol

Abstract T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) account for most of the childhood T-lymphoid malignancy(LM). T-ALL is usually treated by the same protocol to the B-progenitor ALL. It is obvious that biologically, T-cell behaviors are different from those of B-progenitor cell, and cell origins are same among T-ALL and T-LBL. Thus we conducted a strategy initiating T-ALL specific protocol, differing from protocols for B-progenitor ALL. Furthermore, we indicated the same protocol to advanced T-LBL. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of indicating the same protocol for childhood T-ALL and advanced T-LBL, and to reveal the prognostic factors of childhood T-LM. 70 eligibleT-ALL patients enrolled in the JACLS ALL-97 study between 1997-2001, and 32 eligible patients with stage III and IV T-LBL enrolled in the JACLS NHL-T98 trial between 1998-2002 were analyzed. Median age was 9y8m (2y~15y3m) for T-ALL and 11y11m (3y~15y4m) for T-LBL. Male/female ratio was 46/24, 26/6, respectively. Mediastinal mass was found in 31/70(44.3%) for T-ALL, 19/21(90.5%) for stageIII and 6/11(54.5%) for stageIV T-LBL. The treatment for 2 years consisted of the induction therapy (VCR, HD-MTX, CA, PSL, ASP), the 5-drug consolidation therapy A and B, both including high dose of ASP, and maintenance therapy with block-rotated treatment using drugs above. Complete remission(CR) at the end of induction therapy was obtained 65/70(92.9%) for T-ALL, 15/21(71.4%) for stage III and 10/11(90.9%) for stage IV T-NHL. 5-year overall survival(OAS) rate for T-ALL, stage III and stage IV T-LBL was 81.1%, 63.9% and 81.8%, respectively. 5-year event free survival (EFS) rate was 72.9%, 47.6% and 72.3%, respectively. Relapse after CR occurred in 12/65 with T-ALL, 6/15 with stage III and 1/10 with stage IV T-LBL. Single variant analysis revealed that there were no significant difference in OAS or EFS for T-ALL patients based on WBC, NCI index, but statistical difference in OAS or EFS based on age(older than 10y worse), the existence of mediastinal mass(absence, worse) In T-LBL, there were no statistical differences based on age, existence of mediastinal mass. Multivariate analysis revealed, for T-ALL and T-LBL patients as a whole, that age > 10 years was a risk factor in both OAS and EFS, absence of mediastinal mass and stage III T-LBL were risk factors in OAS. Our data shows that indicating same T-cell specific protocol, for T-ALL and advanced T-LBL has a potential to improve the prognosis of T-LM. The older age, and stage III T-LBL appeared as prognostic factors. Moreover, mediastinal mass with bone marrow involvement was a favorable factor for childhood T-LM. Although some risk factors were documented, it is needed to clarify unknown prognostic factors and develop the more effective, stratified T-cell specific protocols.

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Triple-negative breast cancer: Epidemiology, characteristics, and survival in a Lebanese cohort

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22228 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e22228-e22228

Author(s):

M. Ghosn ◽

C. Hajj ◽

F. Nasr ◽

F. El Karak ◽

G. Abadjian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Triple Negative ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

University Hospital ◽

Stage Iii

e22228 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women in Lebanon. Triple negative (TN) phenotype is known to be associated with an increased likelihood of recurrence and death. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, characteristics and survival of TN BC patients in a Medical Oncology department in a University Hospital in Lebanon. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of all women with breast cancer that were seen in our institution between 1997 and 2008. TN BC patients (pts) were defined as those that were negative for all 3 receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2neu on immunohistochemistry). Pts' characteristics and survival of TN women were analyzed. Results: Of the 1599 breast cancer pts, 155 (9.7%) had a triple negative phenotype. Median age was 52 years. A positive family history of breast/ovarian cancer was found in 15 pts (10%). Pathology studies showed: invasive ductal carcinoma component in 138 pts (89%), pure medullary carcinoma in 7 pts (5%), pure invasive lobular carcinoma in 6 pts (4%), pure mucinous carcinoma in 3 pts (2%) and epidermoid carcinoma in 1 pt (1%). A grade III was found in 98 of specimens (63%). Twenty-six pts (17%) presented with stage I, 73 (47%) with stage II, 37 (24%) with stage III and 19 (12%) with stage IV. Twelve percent had inflammatory breast cancer. After a median follow up of 17 months (mths), 43 pts had relapsed (5 stage I, 18 stage II and 20 stage III). The most common sites of relapse were brain (in 20 % of cases), lungs (in 20% of cases) and bone (in 11% of cases). Five- year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival were respectively 75% and 88% for stage I, 58% and 72% for stage II and 40% and 63% for stage III. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 96% of pts among which a taxane-based regimen was used in 38% of cases . Median survival for stage IV was 19 mths with a first line taxane-based regimen used in 50% of cases. Conclusions: The incidence of TN BC in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. It has an aggressive course. Focus on understanding the biology of this particular BC subtype is essential for determining targets for future therapeutic options. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Analysis

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol03-i12/501 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Amol R. R. Rajhans, MD ◽

Dr. Deepak S. Howale

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Cd4 Cells ◽

Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second main cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer. Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. In 2017, around 252, 710 new diagnoses of breast cancer are expected in women, and around 40,610 women are likely to die from the disease. Awareness of the symptoms and the need for screening are important ways of reducing the risk. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Pathology, DCP Consultant Pathologist Shashwat Hospitals, Pune, a total of 38 retrospective breast carcinoma tissues were obtained from female patients. Representative paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin (HandE)-stained sections were retrieved from the pathology department. The patients' records were reviewed to look for the patient age and the clinical stage of the disease. The stage of the cancer was reported according to the American Joint Committee of Cancer. As tissue and patient data was collected in an anonymous way no written or informed consent was required for the study purpose. Results and Observations: According to data by clinical staging Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were 16 (42.11%), 11(28.95%), 7 (18.42%) and 4 (10.53%) respectively. According to histology Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were 2 (5.26%), 11(28.95%), 24 (63.16%) and 1 (2.63%) respectively. Hand E-stained sections showed that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were present in 31 of the 38 carcinomas (81.58%). Majority of theTILs were T lymphocytes and was present in all 31 cases. CD4+ cells were seen31 patients and CD 8+ were seen in 25 cases. B cells were seen in 21 cases. TILs were analysed according to the clinical stage of breast cancer, stages III and IV tumors showed significantly higher densities of total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and CD4+ lymphocytes as compared to stage II tumors. Lymphocyte immuno phenotypes and the total TILs also showed a high significantly positive correlation between each lymphocyte population/subpopulation and the total TILs. Conclusion: T and B lymphocytes were expressed in breast carcinoma with High prevalence of T lymphocytes CD4+ cells. However larger no of cases are required to confirm the findings and extensive large studies are required.

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Evaluation of the Overall 5-Year Survival of Breast Cancer at INO: Data from the 5-Year Prospective Database

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/0300891620914153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 23-23

Author(s):

NA Kaddi ◽

NA Berrada ◽

HA Errihani

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Breast Cancer Survival ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Rank Test ◽

Her2 Positive

Background: Breast cancer is both the most common and deadliest cancer among women in the world. The objective of this study was to assess breast cancer survival rates. Material and Methods: Prospective study conducted at the National Institute of oncology (INO) Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Rabat .diagnosed patients with cancer from 2013 to 2015. The date of inclusion in the study is the date of histological confirmation of cancer. The survival assessment performed by the Kaplan Meier method, and the comparison between the different classes of a variable was performed by the Log Rank test. Results: 931 cases were collected during this study. According to molecular classification 59% of luminal patients, 25% positive human epidermal growth factor receptors (her2 positive) and 16% basal. The percentage of survival at 5 years, for luminal stage I 93%, stage II 92%, stage III 74% and stage IV 25% ;as well as for basal stage I 92%, stage II 80%, stage III 53% and stage IV 10% ; then the her2 positive stage I 100%, stage II 75% and stage III 70%. Conclusion: The discovery of metastatic cancer decreased breast cancer survival rate, hence the importance of Early Detection Awareness.

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Clinical significance of bone marrow metastases as detected using the polymerase chain reaction in patients with breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1996.14.6.1868 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1868-1876 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

K K Fields ◽

G J Elfenbein ◽

W L Trudeau ◽

J B Perkins ◽

W E Janssen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Autologous Bone Marrow ◽

High Dose Chemotherapy ◽

Stage Ii ◽

High Dose ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

PURPOSE The present study evaluates the clinical significance of detection of cytokeratin 19 (K19) in the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied retrospectively cryopreserved bone marrow aspirates from 83 patients with high-risk stage II, III, and IV breast cancer obtained before bone marrow harvest but after induction chemotherapy. All samples were histologically negative for metastases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for K19 was performed according to methods described previously and results were correlated with the probability of relapse following HDCT and ABMT. RESULTS The incidence of occult metastases as defined by PCR for K19 message was 52% for 19 stage II, 57% for 14 stage III, and 82% for 50 stage IV patients (two-tailed P = .0075, chi 2 test). The probability of relapse at 3 years after ABMT was 32% and 94% for K19-positive stage II/III and stage IV patients, respectively, versus 10% and 14% for K19-negative stage II/III and stage IV patients, respectively. The difference was significant for stage IV patients (two-tailed P = .0002). CONCLUSION It has been shown that PCR is a highly sensitive method to detect K19 message in the bone marrow. The incidence of K19 positivity in bone marrow increases significantly with advancing stage. In patients with breast cancer, especially metastatic breast cancer, undergoing HDCT and ABMT, the presence of K19 is associated with a poor prognosis.

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Vyrų krūties vėžio diagnostika ir gydymas

Lietuvos chirurgija ◽

10.15388/lietchirur.2005.3.2312 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Algirdas Jackevičius ◽

Leonarda Šarakauskienė ◽

Valerijus Ostapenko ◽

Saulius Bružas ◽

Juozas Kurtinaitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

Male Breast Cancer ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Male Breast ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Male Breast Carcinoma

Algirdas Jackevičius, Leonarda Šarakauskienė, Valerijus Ostapenko, Saulius Bružas, Juozas Kurtinaitis, Algimantas MudėnasVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas,Santariškių g.1, LT-08660 VilniusKauno medicinos universiteto Onkologijos ligoninė,Volungių g. 16, LT-45434 KaunasEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Vyrų krūties vėžys yra reta onkologinė liga. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiame 75 ligonių, gydytų dviejose onkologijos ligoninėse, klinikinius duomenis, tiesioginius ir vėlyvuosius gydymo rezultatus. Ligoniai ir metodai Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Vilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto klinikoje ir Kauno universiteto Onkologijos ligoninėje1988–2003 metais gydytų 75 vyrų, sirgusių krūties vėžiu, klinikiniai duomenys. Ligonių amžiaus vidurkis – 69,2 metų (jauniausias 41, vyriausias 90 metų). Aštuoniems (10,7%) ligoniams diagnozuotas pirmos stadijos vėžys, 35 (46,7%) – antros, 22 (29,3%) – trečios, 10 (13,3%) ligonių – ketvirtos. Pagal histologinius vėžio tipus dažniausiai diagnozuota intraduktalinė karcinoma – 40 ligonių, 8 ligoniams – lobulinė karcinoma, tačiau 14 ligonių vėžio histologinis tipas nenustatytas. Dažniausiai, t. y. 53 ligoniams, buvo atlikta modifikuota Maddeno mastektomija, aštuoniems – paprastoji mastektomija, 8 ligoniams taikyta spindulinė terapija, 6 ligoniams dėl sunkių gretutinių ligų – simptominis gydymas. 37 ligoniai gydyti kombinuotu būdų: 30 – spinduline terapija, 5 – chemoterapija, 2 – abiem gydymo metodais. Rezultatai Vėlyvieji gydymo rezultatai nebuvo geri: iš 75 gyvena 28 liginiai, 47 mirė. Penkerius metus išgyveno 83,3% (95% PI 27,3–97,5) sergančiųjų pirmos stadijos krūties vėžiu, 69,6% (95% PI 49,1–83,1) – antros stadijos ir tik 6,2% (95% PI 4,2–24,2) – trečios. Nė vienas ligonis, kuriam diagnozuota ketvirta ligos stadija, neišgyveno penkerių metų. Išvados Lietuvoje vyrų sergamumas krūties vėžiu per pastaruosius metus nepakito. Nemažai vyrų buvo gydyti nuo IIIB stadijos krūties vėžio, kai navikas jau buvo lokaliai išplitęs ir susiformavo vėžinė opa. Vyrų, sergančių trečios stadijos krūties vėžiu, prognozė yra blogesnė negu moterų. Ligos stadija nulemia ligonių gyvenimo trukmę, tai patvirtina statistinis vėlyvųjų gydymo rezultatų skaičiavimas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vyrų krūties vėžys, diagnostika, gydymas, vėlyvieji rezultatai The diagnostics and treatment of male breast carcinoma Algirdas Jackevičius, Leonarda Šarakauskienė, Valerijus Ostapenko, Saulius Bružas, Juozas Kurtinaitis, Algimantas MudėnasVilnius University Institute of Oncology,Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, LithuaniaKaunas Medical University Oncological Hospital,Volungių str. 16, LT-45434, Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Male breast cancer is an uncommon oncological disease. In this paper, we have analysed the results of treatment of 75 patients treated in two oncologycal clinics. Patients and methods We analysed 75 male patients treated in 1988–2003 in the clinics of the Institute of Oncology of Vilnius University and Hospital of Oncology of Kaunas University of Medicine. The mean age of patients was 69.2 years (range, 46–90 years). The staging of disease: stage I 8 (10.7%) patients, stage II 35 (46.7%), stage III 22 (29.3%). Ten (13.3%) patients were treated in stage IV of the disease. The most common method of treatment was radical mastectomy by Madden which was performed in 53 cases. In 8 cases mastectomy simplex was performed. Eight patients received radiotherapy. The patients received this conservative treatment in late stages of the disease. In seven cases the patients were in poor health state, and only palliative treatment was applied. 37 patients received combined treatment: 30 patients were treated with radiotherapy, two patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in 5 cases after mastectomy the patients were treated with chemotherapy. Results The follow-up results were not satisfactory: from 75 patients 28 patients are alive and 47 died. The 5-year survival of the patients according to the stage of disease: 83.3% (95% CI 27.3–97.5) of patients in stage I, 69.6% (95% CI 49.1–83.1) in stage II, stage III 6.2% (95% CI 4.2–24.2). In this period, all patients in stage IV of the disease died. Conclusions The incidence of male breast cancer in Lithuania is low, and over the last years has remained at the same level. Many of our patients had ulceration of tumor and were treated in stage III B of the disease. The prognosis of male breast cancer in stage III of the disease is worse than of female breast cancer of the same stage. The stage of the disease was statistically significant for the survival of patients. Keywords: male breast carcinoma, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up results

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Identification of biomarkers and functional modules from genomic data in stage-wise breast cancer

Current Bioinformatics ◽

10.2174/1574893615999200922123104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Athira K ◽

Vrinda C ◽

Sunil Kumar P V ◽

Gopakumar G

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Functional Modules ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Multiple Stages

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women across the world, with high incidence and mortality rates. Being a heterogeneous disease, gene expression profiling based analysis plays a significant role in understanding breast cancer. Since expression patterns of patients belonging to the same stage of breast cancer vary considerably, an integrated stage-wise analysis involving multiple samples is expected to give more comprehensive results and understanding of breast cancer. Objective: The objective of this study is to detect functionally significant modules from gene co-expression network of cancerous tissues and to extract prognostic genes related to multiple stages of breast cancer. Methods: To achieve this, a multiplex framework is modelled to map the multiple stages of breast cancer, which is followed by a modularity optimization method to identify functional modules from it. These functional modules are found to enrich many Gene Ontology terms significantly that are associated with cancer. Result and Discussion: predictive biomarkers are identified based on differential expression analysis of multiple stages of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our analysis identified 13 stage-I specific genes, 12 stage-II specific genes, and 42 stage-III specific genes that are significantly regulated and could be promising targets of breast cancer therapy. That apart, we could identify 29, 18 and 26 lncRNAs specific to stage I, stage II and stage III respectively.

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CXCR6-CXCL16 Axis Promotes Breast Cancer by Inducing Oncogenic Signaling

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13143568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3568

Author(s):

Hina Mir ◽

Neeraj Kapur ◽

Dominique N. Gales ◽

Praveen K. Sharma ◽

Gabriela Oprea-Ilies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Actin Polymerization ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Antibody Microarray ◽

Terminal Fragment ◽

Significant Difference

Precise mechanisms underlying breast cancer (BrCa) metastasis are undefined, which becomes a challenge for effective treatments. Chemokine signaling instigates the trafficking of cancer cells in addition to leukocytes. This study aimed to ascertain the clinical and biological significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 signaling axis in the pathobiology of BrCa. Our data show a higher expression of CXCR6 in BrCa cell lines and tissues. Stage-III BrCa tissues express significantly higher CXCR6 compared to stage-II tissues. The ligand, CXCL16, could remain tethered to the cell surface, and, after proteolytic shedding of the ectodomain, the N-terminal fragment is released, converting it to its oncogenic, soluble form. Like CXCR6, N-terminal CXCL16 and ADAM-10 were significantly higher in stage-III than stage-II, but no significant difference was observed in the C-terminal fragment of CXCL16. Further, stimulation of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis activated Src, FAK, ERK1/2, and PI3K signaling pathways, as per antibody microarray analysis, which also underlie CXCL16-induced F-actin polymerization. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis induces cytoskeleton rearrangement facilitating migration and invasion and supports BrCa cell survival by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study highlights the significance of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis and ADAM10 as potential therapeutic targets for advanced-stage BrCa.

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