Polysomnographic measures of sleep moderate the relationship between depression and pain

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8526-8526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Parker ◽  
D. L. Bliwise ◽  
J. Dalton ◽  
W. Harris ◽  
S. Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Tumor Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

8526 Background: We explored the effects of polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep on depression and pain in advanced cancer patients taking opioids. Methods: The sample included 72 subjects (solid tumor, Stages III/IV) with a mean age of 55.9 (9.1); 39 were male. All were taking opioids. Subjects underwent ambulatory polysomnography for 48 hours in their homes. Nocturnal sleep parameters included total sleep time (minutes); sleep efficiency (SE; %); sleep latency (SL; minutes); rapid-eye-movement sleep latency (REML; minutes); the percentages (%) of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) Stages 1, 2, and slow wave sleep (SWS, 3 & 4), and REM sleep; and the number of awakenings > 60 seconds. Subjects kept an opioid diary, data from which were converted into a mean hourly morphine equivalent dose (HMED). Subjects also completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Descriptive, correlation, and regression procedures were used for data analysis. Results: Subjects had a mean nocturnal sleep period of 400.1 ± 97.4 minutes. The SL was normal at 26.5 ± 42.6 minutes but the SE was low (77.5 ± 13.2%). Most sleep was light NREM Stages 1 and 2 with decreased amounts of deep SWS (0.3 ± 2.7%) and REM sleep (14.4 ± 8.5%). The REML was prolonged at 149.1 ± 105.1 minutes. The mean BPI scores for pain intensity and interference were 4.4 ± 1.4 and 5.0 ± 2.1, respectively. The mean BDI score was 13.7 ± 7.9. The average HMED was .59 ± .1. Controlling for age and gender, regression analyses revealed that SWS and REM sleep moderated the relationship between depression and pain. Those with more SWS had lower depression levels in spite of higher pain intensity (t = -2.8, p = .007) while those with more REM sleep had lower depression levels despite higher pain interference (t = -2.0, p = .045). Controlling for pain intensity and interference, HMED was positively associated with Stage 1 % (r = .36, p = .001) and the number of nocturnal awakenings > 60 seconds (r = .28, p = .019). Conclusions: Opioids may lighten and disrupt sleep altering sleep cycle progression. The resulting decrements in SWS and REM sleep may lead to increased depression and enhanced pain. Consideration of the timing and dosing of opioids in relationship to nocturnal sleep may decrease depression and subsequently optimize pain management. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Dudysová ◽  
Karolina Janků ◽  
Michal Šmotek ◽  
Elizaveta Saifutdinova ◽  
Jana Kopřivová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Design Changes

Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin’s antidepressant properties like other antidepressant drugs via induction of neuroplasticity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of psilocybin on sleep architecture on the night after psilocybin administration. Regarding the potential antidepressant properties, we hypothesized that psilocybin, similar to other classical antidepressants, would reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and prolong REM sleep latency. Moreover, we also hypothesized that psilocybin would promote slow-wave activity (SWA) expression in the first sleep cycle, a marker of sleep-related neuroplasticity. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, age 28–53) underwent two drug administration sessions, psilocybin or placebo, in a randomized, double-blinded design. Changes in sleep macrostructure, SWA during the first sleep cycle, whole night EEG spectral power across frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, and changes in subjective sleep measures were analyzed. The results revealed prolonged REM sleep latency after psilocybin administration and a trend toward a decrease in overall REM sleep duration. No changes in NREM sleep were observed. Psilocybin did not affect EEG power spectra in NREM or REM sleep when examined across the whole night. However, psilocybin suppressed SWA in the first sleep cycle. No evidence was found for sleep-related neuroplasticity, however, a different dosage, timing, effect on homeostatic regulation of sleep, or other mechanisms related to antidepressant effects may play a role. Overall, this study suggests that potential antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Daily Rapid-Eye Movement Sleep and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Tiana Broen ◽  
Tomiko Yoneda ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Jamie Knight ◽  
Nathan Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Previous cross-sectional research suggests that age-related decreases in Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) sleep may contribute to poorer cognitive functioning (CF); however, few studies have examined the relationship at the intraindividual level by measuring habitual sleep over multiple days. Applying a 14-day daily diary design, the current study examines the dynamic relationship between REM sleep and CF in 69 healthy older adults (M age=70.8 years, SD=3.37; 73.9% female; 66.6% completed at least an undergraduate degree). A Fitbit device provided actigraphy indices of REM sleep (minutes and percentage of total sleep time), while CF was measured four times daily on a smartphone via ambulatory cognitive tests that captured processing speed and working memory. This research addressed the following questions: At the within-person level, are fluctuations in quantity of REM sleep associated with fluctuations in next day cognitive measures across days? Do individuals who spend more time in REM sleep on average, perform better on cognitive tests than adults who spend less time in REM sleep? A series of multilevel models were fit to examine the extent to which each index of sleep accounted for daily fluctuations in performance on next day cognitive tests. Results indicated that during nights when individuals had more REM sleep minutes than was typical, they performed better on the working memory task the next morning (estimate = -.003, SE = .002, p = .02). These results highlight the impact of REM sleep on CF, and further research may allow for targeted interventions for earlier treatment of sleep-related cognitive impairment.

Abstract P417: Relationship Between Blood Pressure Variability and Sleep Architecture

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Liu ◽  
Jeongok G Logan ◽  
Younghoon Kwon ◽  
Jennifer Lobo ◽  
Hyojung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) is a novel marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of high BP. Sleep architecture represents the structured pattern of sleep stages consisting of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and it is an important element in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Currently, little is known regarding whether BPV is linked to sleep stages. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep architecture and BPV. Methods: We analyzed in-lab polysomnographic studies collected from individuals who underwent diagnostic sleep studies at a university hospital from 2010 to 2017. BP measures obtained during one year prior to the sleep studies were included. BPV was computed using the coefficient of variation for all individuals who had three or more systolic and diastolic BP data. We conducted linear regression analysis to assess the relationship of systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) with the sleep stage distribution (REM and NREM sleep time), respectively. Covariates that can potentially confound the relationships were adjusted in the models, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, total sleep time, apnea-hypopnea index, mean BP, and history of medication use (antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antihypertensives) during the past two years before the sleep studies. Results: Our sample (N=3,565; male = 1,353) was racially and ethnically diverse, with a mean age 54 ± 15 years and a mean BP of 131/76 ± 13.9/8.4 mmHg. Among the sleep architecture measures examined, SBPV showed an inverse relationship with REM sleep time after controlling for all covariates ( p = .033). We subsequently categorized SBPV into four quartiles and found that the 3 rd quartile (mean SBP SD = 14.9 ± 2.1 mmHg) had 3.3 fewer minutes in REM sleep compared to the 1 st quartile ( p = .02). However, we did not observe any relationship between DBPV and sleep architecture. Conclusion: Greater SBPV was associated with lower REM sleep time. This finding suggests a possible interplay between BPV and sleep architecture. Future investigation is warranted to clarify the directionality, mechanism, and therapeutic implications.

Correlations using the NREM-REM sleep cycle frequency support distinct regulation mechanisms for REM and NREM sleep

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Le Bon ◽  
L. Staner ◽  
S. K. Rivelli ◽  
G. Hoffmann ◽  
I. Pelc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sleep Cycles

Polysomnograms of most homeothermic species distinguish two states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. These alternate several times during the night for reasons and following rules that remain poorly understood. It is unknown whether each state has its own function and regulation or whether they represent two facets of the same process. The present study compared the mean REM/NREM sleep ratio and the mean number of NREM-REM sleep cycles across 3 consecutive nights. The rationale was that, if REM and NREM sleep are tightly associated, their ratio should be comparable whatever the cycle frequency in the night. Twenty-six healthy subjects of both sexes were recorded at their home for 4 consecutive nights. The correlation between the REM/NREM sleep ratio and the number of cycles was highly significant. Of the two sleep components, REM sleep was associated to the number of cycles, whereas NREM sleep was not. This suggests that the relationship between REM sleep and NREM sleep is rather weak within cycles, does not support the concept of NREM-REM sleep cycles as miniature units of the sleep process, and favors the concept of distinct mechanisms of regulation for the two components.

scholarly journals Mechanism controlling sleep organization of the obese Zucker rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Megirian ◽  
Jacek Dmochowski ◽  
Gaspar A. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Zucker Rat ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
The Mean

Megirian, David, Jacek Dmochowski, and Gaspar A. Farkas. Mechanism controlling sleep organization of the obese Zucker rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 253–256, 1998.—We tested the hypothesis that the obese ( fa/fa) Zucker rat has a sleep organization that differs from that of lean Zucker rats. We used the polygraphic technique to identify and to quantify the distribution of the three main states of the rat: wakefulness (W), non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM), and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states. Assessment of states was made with light present (1000–1600), at the rats thermoneutral temperature of 29°C. Obese rats, compared with lean ones, did not show significant differences in the total time spent in the three main states. Whereas the mean durations of W and REM states did not differ statistically, that of NREM did ( P = 0.046). However, in the obese rats, the frequencies of switching from NREM sleep to W, which increased, and from NREM to REM sleep, which decreased, were statistically significantly different ( P = 0.019). Frequency of switching from either REM or W state was not significantly different. We conclude that sleep organization differs between lean and obese Zucker rats and that it is due to a disparity in switching from NREM sleep to either W or REM sleep and the mean duration of NREM sleep.

scholarly journals 1250 Agrypnia Excitata in a Patient with Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Encephalitis

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A476-A476
Author(s):  
J L Sanchez ◽  
S Saeed ◽  
H Battistini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Introduction Agrypnia Excitata (AE) is a syndrome characterized by loss of sleep with permanent motor and autonomic hyper activation. This case describes this peculiar syndrome in a patient with paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis. Report of Case DG is a 35 yr old male with a history of anti-Ma2 limbic encephalitis secondary to cystic teratoma of the left testis diagnosed 6 months prior to presenting in Sleep Clinic. His parents described significant sleep disturbances including short sleep and wake periods throughout the day and night with no apparent pattern, acting out dreams, motor activity during sleep including pulling at his clothes or using his hands to manipulate invisible objects. Additionally they described low-grade fevers, and severe hyperphagia. Polysomnogram showed absence of slow-wave sleep and what appeared to be an admixture of stage 1 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) with rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. Multiple sleep-latency testing (MSLT) demonstrated a mean sleep latency of 5.2 minutes and four sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMPs). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed persistent inflammation of the mesial temporal lobes and hippocampal region. Cerebral spinal fluid testing showed persistent anti-Ma2 antibodies. Based on this clinical presentation we made a diagnosis of Agrypnia Excitata. Conclusion Agrypnia Excitata is a syndrome characterized by loss of the normal sleep-wake rhythm. Sleep consists of the disappearance of spindle-delta activities, and persistent stage 1 NREM sleep mixed with recurrent episodes of REM sleep. The second hallmark of AE is persistent motor and autonomic hyperactivity observed during wake and sleep. AE has been described in three distinct clinical syndromes: Morvan Syndrome (autoimmune encephalitis), Fatal Familial Insomnia, and Delirium tremens. The pathogenesis of AE consists of intra-limbic disconnection releasing the hypothalamus and brainstem reticular formation from cortico-limbic inhibitory control. In autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies that act on voltage-gated potassium channels within the limbic system have been implicated in the pathophysiology.

Combining information on nocturnal rapid eye movement sleep latency and atonia to facilitate diagnosis of pediatric narcolepsy type 1

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Silvani ◽  
Stefano Vandi ◽  
Fabio Pizza ◽  
Elena Antelmi ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement

Abstract Study Objectives The diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) at its onset in children and adolescents is often difficult, with substantial diagnostic delay. We aimed to test and validate the effectiveness of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency (REML), the REM sleep atonia index (RAI), and their combination for the automatic identification of pediatric patients with NT1 based on the standard scoring of nocturnal polysomnograms. Methods A retrospective cohort of 71 pediatric patients with NT1 and 42 controls was subdivided in test and validation cohorts. A novel index (COM) was developed as a nonlinear function of REML and RAI. The effectiveness of REML, RAI, and COM in identifying patients with NT1 was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results REML, RAI, and COM significantly identified patients with NT1 both in the test and validation cohorts. Optimal thresholds that maximized identification accuracy were estimated in the test cohort (REML, 49.5 min; RAI, 0.91; COM, 4.57 AU) and validated in the other cohort. COM performed significantly better in identifying patients with NT1 than either REML or RAI, with ROC area under the curve of 94%–100%, sensitivity 85%–96%, and specificity 92%–100%, and with good night-to-night agreement (Cohen’s k = 0.69). Conclusions The analysis of REML, RAI, and particularly their combination in the COM index may help shorten diagnostic delay of NT1 in children and adolescents based on the standard scoring of nocturnal polysomnography.

Augmenting expiratory neuronal activity in sleep and wakefulness and in relation to duration of expiration

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1260-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Orem
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Augmenting expiratory cells ( n = 23) were recorded in the rostral medulla of five cats in sleep and wakefulness. The objective was to determine the relationship of their activity to the duration of expiration (Te) and, particularly, to Te in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, when expirations are short and may even cause fractionated breathing. Correlation analysis (Kendall’s τ) showed no consistent relationship in any state between the breath-by-breath mean activity of augmenting expiratory cells and Te. This result contradicts predications of an inverse relationship between augmenting expiratory activity and Te. Some cells (11 of 23) were more active in REM than in non-REM sleep and were active during fractionated breathing. This suggests that fractionated breathing in REM sleep is caused by short expiratory phases and not by intermittent inhibition of an ongoing inspiration.

Effects of selective sleep deprivation on ventilation during recovery sleep in normal humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Neilly ◽  
N. B. Kribbs ◽  
G. Maislin ◽  
A. I. Pack
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

To assess the effects of selective sleep loss on ventilation during recovery sleep, we deprived 10 healthy young adult humans of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep for 48 h and compared ventilation measured during the recovery night with that measured during the baseline night. At a later date we repeated the study using awakenings during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep at the same frequency as in REM sleep deprivation. Neither intervention produced significant changes in average minute ventilation during presleep wakefulness, NREM sleep, or the first REM sleep period. By contrast, both interventions resulted in an increased frequency of breaths, in which ventilation was reduced below the range for tonic REM sleep, and in an increased number of longer episodes, in which ventilation was reduced during the first REM sleep period on the recovery night. The changes after REM sleep deprivation were largely due to an increase in the duration of the REM sleep period with an increase in the total phasic activity and, to a lesser extent, to changes in the relationship between ventilatory components and phasic eye movements. The changes in ventilation after partial NREM sleep deprivation were associated with more pronounced changes in the relationship between specific ventilatory components and eye movement density, whereas no change was observed in the composition of the first REM sleep period. These findings demonstrate that sleep deprivation leads to changes in ventilation during subsequent REM sleep.

scholarly journals EEG connectivity across sleep cycles and age

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Bouchard ◽  
Jean-Marc Lina ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault ◽  
Jonathan Dubé ◽  
Nadia Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eeg Connectivity ◽  
Sleep Cycles

Abstract Study Objectives In young adults, sleep is associated with important changes in cerebral connectivity during the first cycle of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Our study aimed to evaluate how electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity during sleep differs between young and older individuals, and across the sleep cycles. Methods We used imaginary coherence to estimate EEG connectivity during NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 30 young (14 women; 20–30 years) and 29 older (18 women; 50–70 years) individuals. We also explored the association between coherence and cognitive measures. Results Older individuals showed lower EEG connectivity in stage N2 but higher connectivity in REM and stage N3 compared to the younger cohort. Age-related differences in N3 were driven by the first sleep cycle. EEG connectivity was lower in REM than N3, especially in younger individuals. Exploratory analyses, controlling for the effects of age, indicated that higher EEG connectivity in delta during N2 was associated with higher processing speed, whereas, during REM sleep, lower EEG connectivity in delta and sigma was associated with higher verbal memory performance and a higher global averaged intelligence quotient score. Conclusion Our results indicated that age modifies sleep EEG connectivity but the direction and the magnitude of these effects differ between sleep stages and cycles. Results in N3 and REM point to a reduced ability of the older brains to disconnect as compared to the younger ones. Our results also support the notion that cerebral functional connectivity during sleep may be associated with cognitive functions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document