Effect of a soluble activin receptor type IIB on androgen-deprivation-induced effects on body composition

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5133-5133
Author(s):  
J. Lachey ◽  
A. Koncarevic ◽  
J. Ucran ◽  
R. S. Pearsall ◽  
M. L. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Mass

5133 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a well-established treatment for hormone sensitive prostate cancer, but is associated with adverse side effects including loss of bone and lean mass and increased adipose mass. Activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) signaling is necessary for the negative regulation of lean tissue mass and treatment with a non-signaling, decoy ActRIIB results in a robust increase in lean tissue mass. Methods: Similar to ADT patients, orchiectomized (ORX) mice lose bone and lean mass and gain fat mass. To determine the therapeutic potential of inhibiting ActRIIB signaling to reduce the negative effects associated with ADT, we treated sham-operated (SHAM) and orchiectomized (ORX) mice with RAP-031, a fusion protein comprised of a form of the extracellular domain of ActRIIB linked to a murine Fc. Mice received twice weekly injections for 10 weeks with either vehicle (VEH) or 10 mg/kg RAP-031 (RAP). NMR scanning was used to determine body composition and whole body DEXA scans were performed to determine bone mineral density (BMD). Results: ORX resulted in a 4.4% decrease in BMD, an 18% reduction in lean tissue and a 41.6% increase in adiposity compared to the VEH-SHAM cohort. Both RAP-031treated groups of mice had significantly increased BMD and lean tissue mass and decreased adipose mass compared to their respective VEH groups. However, BMD, lean tissue and adiposity were not significantly different between the VEH-SHAM and RAP-ORX groups. These data illustrate that RAP-031 treatment completely attenuates ORX-induced alterations in bone, lean and fat mass. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that treatment with a form of soluble ActRIIB can offset negative side effects of ADT and have significant therapeutic implications for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Body composition monitoring in children and adolescents: reproducibility and reference values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Van Eyck ◽  
Sofie Eerens ◽  
Dominique Trouet ◽  
Eline Lauwers ◽  
Kristien Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Body Composition Monitor ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThere is an increasing need for suitable tools to evaluate body composition in paediatrics. The Body Composition Monitor (BCM) shows promise as a method, but reference values in children are lacking. Twenty children were included and measured twice by 4 different raters to asses inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of the BCM. Reliability was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The intra-rater ICCs were high (≥ 0.97) for all parameters measured by BCM as were the inter-rater ICCs for all parameters (≥ 0.98) except for overhydration (0.76). Consequently, a study was set up in which BCM measurements were performed in 2058 healthy children aged 3–18.5 years. The age- and gender-specific percentile values and reference curves for body composition (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and lean tissue mass) and fluid status (extracellular and intracellular water and total body water) relative to age were produced using the GAMLSS method for growth curves.Conclusion: A high reproducibility of BCM measurements was found for fat mass, lean tissue mass, extracellular water and total body water. Reference values for these BCM parameters were calculated in over 2000 children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. What is Known• The 4-compartment model is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ of body composition methods, but is inappropriate for regular follow-up or screening of large groups, because of associated limitations. • Body Composition Monitor® is an inexpensive field method that has the potential to be an adequate monitoring tool.What is New• Good reproducibility of BCM measurements in children provides evidence to use the device in longitudinal follow-up, multicentre and comparative studies.• Paediatric reference values relative to age and sex for the various compartments of the body are provided.

Lean Tissue Mass And Fat Mass Changes In HIV-infected Persons Following Moderate Intensity Exercise Training

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S127
Author(s):  
Wesley D. Dudgeon ◽  
Kenneth D. Phillips ◽  
Stephanie E. Burgess ◽  
J. Larry Durstine ◽  
Gregory A. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

scholarly journals Moderate to high levels of exercise are associated with higher resting energy expenditure in community-dwelling postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Froehle ◽  
Susan R. Hopkins ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
Margaret J. Schoeninger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

Postmenopausal women experience an age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE), which is a risk factor for energy imbalance and metabolic disease. Exercise, because of its association with greater lean tissue mass and other factors, has the potential to mediate REE decline, but the relation between exercise and REE in postmenopausal women is not well characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that exercise energy expenditure (EEE) is positively associated with REE and can counter the effects of age and menopause. It involves a cross-sectional sample of 31 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 49–72 years) with habitual exercise volumes at or above levels consistent with current clinical recommendations. Subjects kept exercise diaries for 4 weeks that quantified exercise activity and were measured for body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and REE. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for associations between EEE, age, body composition, and REE. There was a significant positive relation between EEE and lean tissue mass (fat-free mass and fat-free mass index). The relation between REE and EEE remained significant even after controlling for lean tissue mass. These results support the hypothesis that exercise is positively associated with REE and can counter the negative effects of age and menopause. They also indicate a continuous relation between exercise and REE across ranges of exercise, from moderate to high. Exercise at levels that are at or above current clinical guidelines might, in part, ameliorate the risk for energy imbalance and metabolic disease because of its positive relation with REE.

scholarly journals High baseline fat mass, but not lean tissue mass, is associated with high intensity low back pain and disability in community-based adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmayne R. E. Brady ◽  
Donna M. Urquhart ◽  
Sultana Monira Hussain ◽  
Andrew Teichtahl ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
High Baseline

Effects of Ingesting Supplements Designed to Promote Lean Tissue Accretion on Body Composition during Resistance Training

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Robert Klesges ◽  
Karen Harmon ◽  
Pamela Grindstaff ◽  
Leigh Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bone Gain ◽  
Tissue Accretion

This study examined the effects of ingesting nutritional supplements designed to promote lean tissue accretion on body composition alterations during resistance training. Twenty-eight resistance-trained males blindly supplemented their diets with maltodextrin (M), Gainers Fuel® 1000 (GF), or Phosphagain™ (P). No significant differences were observed in absolute or relative total body water among groups. Energy intake and body weight significantly increased in all groups combined throughout the study with no group or interaction differences observed. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-determined body mass significantly increased in each group throughout the study with significantly greater gains observed in the GF and P groups. Lean tissue mass (excluding bone) gain was significantly greater in the P group, while fat mass and percent body fat were significantly increased in the GF group. Results indicate that total body weight significantly increased in each group and that P supplementation resulted in significantly greater gains in lean tissue mass during resistance training.

scholarly journals Lean Tissue Mass And Fat Mass Changes In HIV-infected Persons Following Moderate Intensity Exercise Training

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S127
Author(s):  
Wesley D. Dudgeon ◽  
Kenneth D. Phillips ◽  
Stephanie E. Burgess ◽  
J. Larry Durstine ◽  
Gregory A. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

Bicalutamide Monotherapy Versus Leuprolide Monotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2546-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Smith ◽  
Melissa Goode ◽  
Anthony L. Zietman ◽  
Francis J. McGovern ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Mineral Density

Purpose Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists decrease bone mineral density, lean mass, and muscle size and increase fat mass in men with prostate cancer. Less is known about the effects of bicalutamide monotherapy on bone mineral density and body composition. Patients and Methods In a 12-month, open-label study, we randomly assigned 52 men with prostate cancer and no bone metastases to receive either leuprolide or bicalutamide (150 mg by mouth daily). Bone mineral density and body composition were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Results Mean (± standard error) bone mineral density of the posterior-anterior lumbar spine decreased by 2.5% ± 0.5% in the leuprolide group and increased by 2.5 ± 0.5 in the bicalutamide group from baseline to 12 months (P < .001). Mean changes in bone mineral density of the total body, total hip, femoral neck, and trabecular bone of the lumbar spine also differed significantly between groups (P ≤ .003 for each comparison). Fat mass increased by 11.1% ± 1.3% in the leuprolide group and by 6.4% ± 1.1% in the bicalutamide group (P = .01). Changes in lean mass, muscle size, and muscle strength were similar between the groups. Breast tenderness and enlargement were more common in the bicalutamide group than in the leuprolide group. Fatigue, loss of sexual interest, and vasomotor flushing were less common in the bicalutamide group than in the leuprolide group. Conclusion In men with prostate cancer, bicalutamide monotherapy increases bone mineral density, lessens fat accumulation, and has fewer bothersome side effects than treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.

P0925EFFECTS OF A NUTRITION INTERVENTION IN ADDITION TO AN INTRADIALYTIC EXERCISE PROGRAM IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valente ◽  
Cristina Caetano ◽  
Inês Ramos ◽  
Joana Sebastião ◽  
Mariana Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Nutritional Counseling ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽  
Intradialytic Exercise

Abstract Background and Aims Physical inactivity and low protein intake are related with protein-energy wasting syndrome. This is a very common condition in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is related with poor survival. Both, intradialytic exercise programmes (IEP) and nutrition interventions, are proposed as strategies to increase lean tissue mass in these population. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of specific nutritional counseling in nutrition, body composition parameters and in eating habits, in patients undergoing HD with an IEP. Method This was a multicenter longitudinal intervention study with 3 months of follow-up. We enrolled 88 patients already performing intradialytic exercise (aerobic and strength training) for more than 3 months. These patients had an appointment with the dietitian and received specific nutritional counseling (NC) and a flyer with focus on nutrition recommendations for exercise. Eating habits were obtained through a questionnaire and body composition with bioimpedance spectroscopy (Body Composition Monitor®). Potassium and phosphorus were collected at baseline and 3 months after. Statistical tests were performed with SPSS, version 26.0. A p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results Patient’s mean age was 63.5±1.5 years and median HD time was 34 (Interquartil range (IQR): 20-58) months. 61.4% (n=54) were male and 26.1% (n=23) were diabetics. Results pre and pos intervention for the parameters studied were, respectively: Body Mass Index (BMI) 25.4[IQR: 23.7-28.4] Kg/m2 vs. 25.6[IQR: 23.4-28.9] Kg/m2; Fat Tissue Mass 12.6±5.0 Kg/m2 vs. 12.5±4.8 Kg/m2; Lean Tissue Mass 13.5[IQR: 11.5-15.3] Kg/m2 vs. 13.4[IQR: 12.1-15.3] Kg/m2; Body Cell Mass 20.1[IQR: 15.7-25.1] Kg/m2 vs. 20.4[IQR: 16.4-24.8] Kg/m2; % Interdialytic Weight Gain 2.7±1.1 Kg/m2 vs. 2.8±1.1 Kg/m2; potassium 5.1±0.7 mEq/L vs. 5.2±0.8 mEq/L and phosphorus 4.6±1.3 mg/dl vs. 4.8±1.2 mg/dl. No statistically significant differences were observed between baseline and follow-up. Concerning eating habits, the intake of protein sources from meat and fish before the HD session increased after the 3 months (17% vs. 20.5%; p=0.002). About 23% of the patients reported having made changes in their diet after the NC and 60% felt positive changes in performance and fatigue. Conclusion We can conclude that NC contributed to increase the consumption of high biological value protein-rich foods and to improve the patient´s perception of fatigue and performance. Moreover, this intervention did not have a worrying effect on potassium and phosphorus levels. Longer follow up studies are needed to analyze the effect on body composition.

scholarly journals Dietary interventions to improve body composition in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a solution for the growing problem?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Umlauff ◽  
Manuel Weber ◽  
Nils Freitag ◽  
Ciaran M. Fairman ◽  
Axel Heidenreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Dietary Interventions

Abstract Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has adverse effects on body composition, including muscle wasting and body fat accumulation, which may be attenuated by nutrition therapy. This systematic review summarises available evidence on the effects of dietary interventions on lean mass, fat mass and body mass index (BMI) in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.org were searched from inception through December 2020. We included all controlled trials evaluating effects of supplementation or dietary interventions on body composition in men with prostate cancer receiving continuous ADT. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to calculate standardised mean differences between intervention and comparator groups. (PROSPERO; CRD42020185777). Results Eleven studies (n = 536 participants) were included. Seven studies investigated the effects of dietary advice interventions, e.g. individual or group counselling, and four studies included a nutritional supplement. Eight studies combined the dietary intervention with exercise. Nine studies reported sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Dietary advice and supplementation interventions combined were not associated with significant changes in lean mass (0.05 kg; 95% CI: −0.17, 0.26; p = 0.674; n = 355), fat mass (−0.22 kg; 95% CI: −0.45, 0.01; p = 0.064; n = 336) or BMI (−0.16 kg*m−2; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.04; p = 0.121; n = 399). Dietary advice interventions alone were associated with a significant fat mass reduction (−0.29 kg; 95% CI: −0.54, −0.03; p = 0.028; n = 266). Conclusions Most studies were dietary advice interventions targeting caloric restriction, which showed the potential to reduce fat mass but did not increase lean mass in men treated with ADT. Future interventions should investigate whether a combination of dietary advice and protein supplementation with concomitant resistance exercise could counteract ADT-induced muscle wasting.

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