Clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients with acquired RET rearrangement after resistance to osimertinib.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20626-e20626
Author(s):  
Chang Lu ◽  
Jia-Tao Cheng ◽  
Jin Kang ◽  
Yi-Hui Yao ◽  
Xiang-Meng Li ◽  
...  

e20626 Background: Resistance mechanisms to osimertinib have raised growing concerns, but those with acquired RET rearrangement is poorly characterized. Methods: We retrospectively identified advanced, EGFR-mutant NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) patients treated with osimertinib between April 9th, 2015 and November 1st, 2018 at our institute. Clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Subsequent genetic profiling was performed at the time of progression by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Overall survival (OS) since 1st line treatment was calculated from first-line treatment start to death or last follow up, and OS post-progression was calculated from osimertinib progression. Median follow-up time was 43.4 months. Results: In the 192 patients treated with osimertinib, 57 had follow-up NGS information after progression, and six harboured acquired RET rearrangement (11%, 6/57). For patients with RET rearrangements when progressed on osimertinib, OS since 1st line treatment (22.9m vs 59.5m, P = 0.021) and OS post-progression (2.1m vs 10.0m, P = 0.031) were significantly shorter compared with non- RET-rearranged cases, whereas no significant difference was found in demographics at the initial lung cancer diagnosis or progression-free survival (PFS) of osimertinib (12.1m vs 5.8m, P = 0.34). Among these six patients, one received best supportive care, two continued to use drugs targeting EGFR but deteriorating soon, three patients tried osimertinib combined with cabozantinib with one benefit from this combination approach. Conclusions: RET rearrangements could exist in EGFR-mutant NSCLC with acquired resistance to osimertinib and linked to inferior survival. Study on the molecular evolution and heterogeneity during treatment course are warranted for further therapeutic strategies. [Table: see text]

2021 ◽  
pp. 030089162110478
Author(s):  
Gianluca Taronna ◽  
Alessandro Leonetti ◽  
Filippo Gustavo Dall’Olio ◽  
Alessandro Rizzo ◽  
Claudia Parisi ◽  
...  

Introduction: Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved as first-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some osimertinib-related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) were shown to be transient, called transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities (TAPO)—clinically benign pulmonary opacities that resolve despite continued osimertinib treatment—and are not associated with the clinical manifestations of typical TKI-associated ILDs. Methods: In this multicentric study, we retrospectively analyzed 92 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with osimertinib. Computed tomography (CT) examinations were reviewed by two radiologists and TAPO were classified according to radiologic pattern. We also analyzed associations between TAPO and patients’ clinical variables and compared clinical outcomes (time to treatment failure and overall survival) for TAPO-positive and TAPO-negative groups. Results: TAPO were found in 18/92 patients (19.6%), with a median follow-up of 114 weeks. Median onset time was 16 weeks (range 6–80) and median duration time 14 weeks (range 8–37). The most common radiologic pattern was focal ground-glass opacity (54.5%). We did not find any individual clinical variable significantly associated with the onset of TAPO or significant difference in clinical outcomes between TAPO-positive and TAPO-negative groups. Conclusions: TAPO are benign pulmonary findings observed in patients treated with osimertinib. TAPO variability in terms of CT features can hinder the differential diagnosis with either osimertinib-related mild ILD or tumor progression. However, because TAPO are asymptomatic, it could be reasonable to continue therapy and verify the resolution of the CT findings at follow-up in selected cases.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20726-e20726
Author(s):  
Jia-Tao Cheng ◽  
Jin-Ji Yang ◽  
Yi-Long Wu

e20726 Background: Osimertinib is used to treat EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired T790M mutation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is helpful to understand mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib. However, whether NGS after resistance to osimertinib has an impact on clinical outcomes of patients treated with subsequent treatments has been elusive. Methods: We retrospectively identified advanced, EGFR-mutant T790M positive NSCLC patients treated with the 2nd or further-line osimertinib from January 27th, 2015 to January 31th, 2019 at our institute. Genetic profiles and clinical outcomes were analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups based on NGS data after resistance to osimertinib. Progression-free survival1 (PFS1) was calculated from the start of osimertinib to progression or death. PFS2 was calculated from the start of subsequent-line treatment to progression or death. Objective response rate (ORR) of subsequent-line treatments was evaluated by RECIST1.1. Results: Among 187 patients treated with osimertinib, 66 had NGS data and 27 had no NGS data after progression. Maintained EGFR T790M was detected in 23 patients (34.8%), and loss of T790M was seen in 43 patients (65.2%). Mutations of EGFR C797S were detected in 12 patients (18.1% overall; 52.2% of those with retained T790M), 11 in cis with a maintained T790M, 1 in trans with a maintained T790M. There was no significant difference in median PFS1 between the maintained T790M group and the loss of T790M group (10.8 vs. 7.0 months, P = 0.085).The NGS group was treated with TKIs according to the results of NGS strictly (n = 36), the non-NGS group received chemotherapy or best supportive care (n = 11).There was a significant difference in median PFS2 between the NGS and non-NGS groups (5.4 vs. 2.9 months, P = 0.043). The ORR of the NGS group was significantly superior to that of the non-NGS group (16.2% vs 11.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: NGS after resistance to osimertinib might favor clinical outcomes of advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. Further more investigations are warranted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21143-e21143
Author(s):  
Mark D. Hiatt ◽  
Junhua Yu ◽  
Nicole Zhang ◽  
Amy McNeal ◽  
Julie Kaylor ◽  
...  

e21143 Background: The clinical utility of ctDNA analysis for biomarker identification in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been established, supporting clinical adoption of this testing modality. All FDA-approved, immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapies require the prerequisite of negativity for ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation, or prior toxicity or progression on oral therapies targeting mutations in these genes. Despite these recommendations and support from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network, broad-panel marker testing for targeted therapy options in NSCLC continues to be underperformed. Data are even limited on when those tests are typically conducted and the effects of timing on the treatment outcomes. Methods: The GuardantINFORM™ clinic-genomic database was interrogated for patients over the age of 18 having a Guardant360 test positive for EGFR mutations of L858R or exon 19 after 2016 and known to have a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer one year prior to testing. Patients had to have at least three claims prior to, and 90 days of follow-up after, their test. Patients were stratified into three groups by pre- and post-test treatment: 1) patients treated with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as a first-line treatment after the test, with no other chemotherapy, ICI immunotherapy (IO), or targeted therapy before the test; 2) patients with other first-line treatments prior to the test and then EGFR TKI immediately following the test; and 3) patients treated with ICI or chemotherapy after the test and before EGFR TKI or patients not treated after the test. Real-world time to next treatment (rwTTN) was defined as the index date to the treatment different than the index therapy. Progression free survival (PFS) time was defined as rwTTN or time to death, whichever came earlier. Patients who experienced adverse events (AEs) associated with chemotherapy or IO were reported as a percentage (p-value<0.001). Results: Among the 3 cohorts of patients (384 in each group who were matched on age with difference < 3, gender, and follow-up time with difference < 4 months) identified, a statistically significant difference in PFS was discovered between group 1 ( EGFR TKI as first-line treatment) and the other two groups based on the Cox proportional hazard model [hazard ratio=1.8, p-value<0.001, median survival time for group 1= 26 months (95% CI 23-29) vs. 17 months (95% CI 14-19)]. No difference existed in PFS between groups 2 and 3. The proportion of patients experiencing treatment-associated AEs was lowest in group 1 (13.5% vs 15.9% in group 2 vs 30.2% in group 3 for ICI-related AEs, 16.9% vs 23.2% vs 38.5% for chemo-related AEs, p-value<0.001). Conclusions: Performing genomic testing sooner, as early as first-line treatment, may improve the treatment response for patients with NSCLC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16569-e16569
Author(s):  
Deepak Ravindranathan ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Dylan J. Martini ◽  
Jacqueline T Brown ◽  
Bassel Nazha ◽  
...  

e16569 Background: Inflammatory markers have been studied as prognostic markers in patients with mRCC treated with CPIs. Recently, eosinophilia has been found to be associated with improved survival of patients with melanoma treated with CPIs. We reported baseline NER in patients with mRCC treated with CPIs and its association with clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with mRCC treated with CPIs at Winship Cancer Institute from 2015-2018. Clinical outcomes were measured as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit (CB). OS and PFS were calculated from CPI-initiation to date of death and radiographic or clinical progression, respectively. Patients with baseline NER were categorized into high or low; high defined as NER > 49.2 and low defined as NER < 49.2. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses were carried out for OS and PFS using Cox proportional hazard model. Results: A total of 184 patients were studied with a median follow up of 25.4 months. Median age was 63 years old with 72% male and 20% black. About 25% were in high NER group. The high NER patients had significantly shorter OS in both UVA (HR: 0.58, p-value=0.017) and MVA (HR: 0.62, p-value=0.046) (Table). There was no significant difference between groups for PFS. Clinical benefit was seen in 47.3% of patients with low baseline NER and 40% with high NER. Conclusions: High baseline NER was associated with worse OS in patients with mRCC treated with CPIs. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to validate this hypothesis generating data.[Table: see text]


Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215107
Author(s):  
Yeon Wook Kim ◽  
Byoung Soo Kwon ◽  
Sung Yoon Lim ◽  
Yeon Joo Lee ◽  
Jong Sun Park ◽  
...  

BackgroundLimited data are available regarding the management of subsolid nodules detected on lung cancer screening with low-dose CT (LDCT). We aimed to determine the characteristics of screen-detected subsolid nodules, and to evaluate the probability of lung cancer and the clinical course of subsolid nodules detected at baseline and during follow-up screening.MethodsWe evaluated 50 132 asymptomatic adults (22 631 never-smokers and 27 501 ever-smokers) who underwent LDCT screening for lung cancer between May 2003 and June 2019 at a tertiary centre in South Korea. The incidence, characteristics and clinical outcomes of the baseline and new screen-detected subsolid nodules were determined.ResultsA total of 6725 subsolid nodules (5116 pure ground glass opacity nodules and 1609 part-solid nodules) were detected in 4545 participants (1484 new subsolid nodules detected in 937 (1.9%) participants; the overall incidence of subsolid nodules: 10.7% in never-smokers and 7.7% in ever-smokers, p<0.001). Among 4918 subsolid nodules that underwent follow-up with CT scans (the mean number of CT scans, including the baseline LDCT scan: 4.6), 2116 nodules (30.0% of baseline subsolid nodules and 78.9% of new subsolid nodules) resolved spontaneously. Among 293 biopsied subsolid nodules, 227 (77.5%) nodules were diagnosed as lung cancer, of which 226 (99.6%) were adenocarcinomas. No significant difference was observed in pathological invasiveness or the initial stage between the baseline and new cancerous subsolid nodules. Multivariable analyses revealed that new detection at follow-up screening was significantly associated with a lower probability of lung cancer (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.49) and overall growth (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.59), but with a higher probability of resolution (OR 6.30, 95% CI 5.09 to 7.81).ConclusionsLDCT screening led to a considerably high rate of subsolid nodule detection, particularly in never-smokers. Compared with the baseline subsolid nodules, the new subsolid nodules were associated with a lower probability of lung cancer and higher probability of spontaneous resolution, indicating their more inflammatory nature. Less aggressive follow-up may be allowed for new subsolid nodules, particularly in screening programmes for Asian populations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (34) ◽  
pp. 4076-4085
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Goldberg ◽  
Mary W. Redman ◽  
Rogerio Lilenbaum ◽  
Katerina Politi ◽  
Thomas E. Stinchcombe ◽  
...  

PURPOSE The irreversible ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib plus the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab was previously shown to overcome resistance to EGFR TKIs. We studied whether the combination of afatinib plus cetuximab compared with afatinib alone would improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with treatment-naive EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by preventing or delaying resistance. METHODS Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC without prior treatment of advanced disease were enrolled in this phase II, multicenter trial and randomly assigned to receive afatinib 40 mg orally daily plus cetuximab 500 mg/m2 intravenously every 2 weeks or afatinib alone. The primary end point was PFS. RESULTS Between March 25, 2015 and April 23, 2018, 174 patients were randomly assigned, and 168 (83 on afatinib + cetuximab and 85 on afatinib) were eligible. There was no improvement in PFS in patients receiving afatinib plus cetuximab compared with afatinib alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.43; P = .94; median, 11.9 months v 13.4 months). Similarly, there was no difference in response rate (67% v 74%; P = .38) or overall survival (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.36; P = .44). Toxicity was greater with the combination: grade ≥ 3 adverse events related to treatment occurred in 72% of patients receiving afatinib plus cetuximab compared with 40% of those receiving afatinib alone, most commonly rash and diarrhea. Dose reductions were more common in patients receiving the combination, and 30% of patients in this arm discontinued cetuximab due to toxicity. At interim analysis, there was insufficient evidence to support continued accrual, and the trial was closed. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cetuximab to afatinib did not improve outcomes in previously untreated EGFR-mutant NSCLC, despite recognized activity in the acquired resistance setting.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ismail Abdul Aziz ◽  
Wayne Yong Xiang Foo ◽  
Chee Keong Toh ◽  
Wan-Teck Lim ◽  
Kwong Ng

Abstract Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of all lung cancer cases and is usually associated with a poor prognosis. However, targeted therapy with 1st and 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has so far improved progression-free survival of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant NSCLC patients. Osimertinib, a third generation EGFR TKI has recently shown improved overall survival in previously untreated EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib versus standard EGFR TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib) as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic EGFR mutant NSCLC patients in Singapore. Methods: A partitioned survival model with three health states (progression-free, progressive disease, and death) was developed from the Singapore healthcare payer perspective. Survival curves from the FLAURA trial were extrapolated beyond trial period over a 10-year time horizon to estimate the underlying progression-free survival and overall survival parametric distributions. Health state utilities were derived from the literature and direct costs were sourced from public healthcare institutions in Singapore. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the impact of uncertainties and assumptions on cost-effectiveness results. Results: Compared with 1st or 2nd generation TKI, osimertinib had a base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SG$418,839 per quality-adjusted life year gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed the ICER was most sensitive to time horizon and variations in progression-free utility values. Scenario analyses showed that a 50% reduction in the cost of osimertinib was still associated with a high ICER that was unlikely to be deemed cost effective. Conclusions: Osimertinib is not cost effective as a first-line treatment compared to standard EGFR TKIs in advanced EGFR mutant NSCLC patients in Singapore. The findings from our evaluation, alongside other considerations including the lack of survival benefit in the Asian subgroup of the FLAURA trial, will be useful to inform policy makers on funding decisions for NSCLC treatments in Singapore.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Guangjian Yang ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
Junling Li ◽  
Xuezhi Hao ◽  
...  

BackgroundApproximately 3–5% of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbor exon 18 mutations. The appropriate treatment for such patients has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR exon 18 mutations to different therapeutic options.MethodsBetween May 2014 and September 2020, the clinical outcomes of 82 patients harboring EGFR exon 18 mutations who received first-generation (1G) EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), second-generation (2G) EGFR-TKI afatinib, chemotherapy, and 1G TKI in combination with chemotherapy as the initial therapy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 82 NSCLC patients harboring EGFR 18 mutations with whose treatment and survival outcomes were available were analyzed. The median age was 59 years, and 47 (57.3%) were female. The most common kind of EGFR exon 18 mutation was G719X (75.6%), followed by E709X (15.9%), E709_T710delinsD (3.6%), and other subtypes (4.9%). There was a significant difference in median progression-free survival (mPFS) by therapeutic strategy (P = 0.017). The mPFS of 1G TKI, 2G TKI afatinib, chemotherapy, and 1G TKI in combination with chemotherapy were 7.7 (95% CI, 4.2–11.2), 11.3 (95% CI, 5.6–17.0), 5.0 (95% CI, 2.3–17.7), and 11.1 (95% CI, 5.9–16.4) months, respectively. No significant difference in PFS was observed between afatinib and 1G TKI in combination with chemotherapy (P = 0.709).ConclusionsLike afatinib, 1G TKI in combination with chemotherapy might be an effective treatment option for patients harboring EGFR exon 18 mutations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S144-S144
Author(s):  
Azza Elamin ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ali Abunayla ◽  
Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi ◽  
aditee Dash

Abstract Background As opposed to Staphylococcus. aureus bacteremia, there are no guidelines to recommend repeating blood cultures in Gram-negative bacilli bacteremia (GNB). Several studies have questioned the utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) in GNB, but the impact of this practice on clinical outcomes is not fully understood. Our aim was to study the practice of obtaining FUBCs in GNB at our institution and to assess it’s impact on clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of adult patients, ≥ 18 years of age admitted with GNB between January 2017 and December 2018. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in those with and without FUBCs. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, presumed source of bacteremia and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Presence of fever, hypotension /shock and white blood cell (WBC) count on the day of FUBC was recorded. The primary objective was to compare 30-day mortality between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare differences in 30-day readmission rate, hospital length of stay (LOS) and duration of antibiotic treatment. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables, frequency and proportion were used for categorical variables. P-value &lt; 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results 482 patients were included, and of these, 321 (67%) had FUBCs. 96% of FUBCs were negative and 2.8% had persistent bacteremia. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between those with and without FUBCs (2.9% and 2.7% respectively), or in 30-day readmission rate (21.4% and 23.4% respectively). In patients with FUBCs compared to those without FUBCs, hospital LOS was longer (7 days vs 5 days, P &lt; 0.001), and mean duration of antibiotic treatment was longer (14 days vs 11 days, P &lt; 0.001). A higher number of patients with FUBCs needed ICU care compared to those without FUBCs (41.4% and 25.5% respectively, P &lt; 0.001) Microbiology of index blood culture in those with and without FUBCs Outcomes in those with and without FUBCs FUBCs characteristics Conclusion Obtaining FUBCs in GNB had no impact on 30-day mortality or 30-day readmission rate. It was associated with longer LOS and antibiotic duration. Our findings suggest that FUBCs in GNB are low yield and may not be recommended in all patients. Prospective studies are needed to further examine the utility of this practice in GNB. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


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