Lung cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy toxicity in patients with HIV.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13616-e13616
Author(s):  
Tinaye Mutetwa ◽  
Deborah Catherine Marshall ◽  
Sadiq Rehmani ◽  
Paz Polak ◽  
Keith Magnus Sigel
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

e13616 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for people living with HIV (PWH), and this group experiences lung cancer outcome disparities for unclear reasons. To better understand these disparities, we explored potential differences in adverse events since the start of chemotherapy, or radiation therapy (RT), among PWH with stage I-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Our matched case-cohort study used data from SEER-Medicare data on stage I-IIIA NSCLC diagnosed between 2000 and 2013. We identified 809 early stage NSCLC patients with HIV; 40 were treated with chemotherapy and 60 with RT. For each therapy type, a PWH case was matched, by age, sex, and cancer stage to 10 controls with no evidence of HIV infection. Outcome Measures: Acute severe chemotherapy or RT toxicity ascertained by a relevant inpatient diagnosis within 6 months of chemotherapy initiation or chronic toxicities from outpatient diagnostic codes within 24 months. We also evaluated overall (all-cause) and lung cancer-specific survival. Results: Among hematologic toxicities, PWH treated with chemotherapy were more than twice as likely to develop severe anemia [odds ratio [OR] = 2.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.2-4.6)]; but not neutropenia or thrombocytopenia (both p > 0.06). Among patients receiving chemotherapy, HIV was not associated with any other severe acute toxicities including fever, infection, nausea, renal dysfunction, and septicemia. For chronic complications, PWH had increased risk of neuropathy (OR 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3-13.6). Overall, HIV was associated with an increased count of chemotherapy complications seen per patient [p = 0.02]. PWH receiving chemotherapy had worse all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.4) and higher lung cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.7) compared to uninfected persons after adjusting for treatment with surgery. In contrast, HIV was not significantly associated with severe RT complications (esophagitis, pneumonitis or hemoptysis), although all-cause mortality (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) and lung-cancer specific mortality (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) were higher among PWH receiving RT after adjusting for treatment with surgery. Conclusions: Antiretroviral-era PWH with early stage lung cancer experienced more frequent complications after chemotherapy but not radiotherapy compared to matched uninfected persons. These toxicities may have led to treatment alterations potentially contributing to outcome disparities seen in this high-risk group.

Outcomes of early stage lung cancer treatments in older patients: A SEER database analysis.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7571-7571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa S. Marr ◽  
Valerie Shostrom ◽  
K. M Islam ◽  
Apar Kishor Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

7571 Background: Although the majority of lung cancer patients are over the age of 65, there are limited data on outcomes of treatment options for early stage lung cancer in older patients. Methods: Treatment and outcome data of stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Treatment modalities included no treatment, surgery, radiation, and a combination of surgery and radiation. Patients were divided based on age groups into <65, 65-75, and >75 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the likelihood of survival in the three age groups while controlling for gender and race. Results: A total of 10,763 patients diagnosed with stage I and II NSCLC between 1988 and 2007 within the SEER database were analyzed. The age distribution was as follows: <65 (n=3558), 65-75 years (n= 4454), >75 years (n=2751). Patients <65 years of age were more likely than those >75 years of age to be treated with surgery (72.5% vs. 53.5%, respectively; p = <0.0001). Patients >75 years of age were more often treated with radiation alone (23%) or no treatment (18.2%) as compared to those patients <65 (9% and 4.9%, respectively; p = <0.0001). Patients <65 years of age with stage I lung cancer had a statistically significant improved lung cancer-specific 5-year survival with surgery alone as compared to those 65-75 years and >75 years. Lung cancer specific mortality at 5 years was 19%, 26% and 30%, respectively; p= <0.0001. Similar results were seen in stage II patients. When stage I patients received radiation therapy, lung cancer-specific deaths at 5 years were not different between the three groups (66% vs. 63% vs. 66%, respectively; p=0.1263). The 5-year lung cancer- related mortality was lower in younger patients who received no treatment (51% in <65, 56% in 65-75, and 57% in >75 years old; p=0.006). Conclusions: Older patients treated surgically for stages I and II NSCLC have a lower lung cancer-specific survival when compared to younger patients. In contrast, there is no difference in lung cancer-specific survival for patients treated with radiation therapy. Hence, careful selection of older patients for surgical therapy of early stage NSCLC is warranted.

The potential role of lung cancer screening in lung cancer survivors.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7553-7553
Author(s):  
John M. Varlotto ◽  
Nengliang Yao ◽  
Rickhesvar Mahraj ◽  
Abram Recht ◽  
John Charles Flickinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer

7553 Background: The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and lung cancer specific survival (LCSS) in the 55-74-year-old age group, likely due to finding early-stage lung cancer. Patients with a past history of lung cancer were excluded from this trial. The purpose of investigation is to assess whether there is an increasing frequency of second lung cancers and whether the first primary reduces survival in a proposed screening population with Stage I (tumor size <4cm) NSCLC (survivor population, SP) as compared to similar patients presenting with their first lung cancer (new patients, NP). Methods: The SEER databases were used to investigate incidence (1973-2009) and OS/LCSS (1998-2009) of secondary lung cancer. Incidence was examined by frequency analysis and trend analysis. A SP was chosen who was originally treated definitively for Stage I-III NSCLC and survived at least four years after diagnosis (N=515). They were compared to NP who were presenting with their first lung cancer (N = 21,040). OS/LCSS in NP and SP with Stage I NSCLC were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimation, log-rank tests, and multivariate proportional hazards modeling. Results: The annual incidence rate/100,000 for secondary lung cancer has increased almost 5-fold in last 36 years (2.5 in 1973; 12 in 2009; p<0.001), more so in male patients. OS was not significantly different between NP and SP after accounting for treatment, tumor, and patient characteristics (male, HR=1.111, p=0.330; female, HR=0.840, p=0.118). Multivariate analyses show that LCSS was significantly better in SP females than for NP females (HR=0.849, p=0.025) but did not differ for males (HR=0.923, p=0.388). In the SP, OS decreased significantly with less aggressive treatment compared to lobectomy as the reference treatment (sub-lobar resection, HR=1.841, p=0.009; radiation, HR=2.351, p=0.002; observation, HR=2.145, p=0.016). Patient and tumor characteristics of the first lung cancer diagnosis were not significantly linked to OS. Conclusions: NP and SP diagnosed at Stage I had similar survival rates. The SP group also benefitted from increasingly aggressive treatment. Screening for lung cancer might be of benefit to lung cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Management of patients with early stage lung cancer – why do some patients not receive treatment with curative intent?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Lawrenson ◽  
Chunhuan Lao ◽  
Leonie Brown ◽  
Lucia Moosa ◽  
Lynne Chepulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

Abstract Backgrounds This study aims to understand the factors that influence whether patients receive potentially curative treatment for early stage lung cancer. Methods Patients included those diagnosed with early stage lung cancer in 2011-2018 and resident in the New Zealand Midland Cancer Network region. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios of having curative surgery/ treatment. The Kaplan Meier method was used to examine the all-cause survival and Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of death. Results In total 419/583 (71.9%) of patients with Stage I and II disease were treated with curative intent - 272 (46.7%) patients had curative surgery. Patients not receiving potentially curative treatment were older, were less likely to have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), had poorer lung function and were more likely to have an ECOG performance status of 2+. Current smokers were less likely to be treated with surgery and more likely to receive treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Those who were treated with surgery had a 2-year survival of 87.8% (95% CI: 83.8%-91.8%) and 5-year survival of 69.6% (95% CI: 63.2%-76.0%). Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) has equivalent effect on survival compared to curative surgery (hazard ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.37-1.61). Conclusions The majority of patients with stage I and II lung cancer are managed with potentially curative treatment – mainly surgery and increasingly with SABR. The outcomes of those being diagnosed with stage I and II disease and receiving treatment is positive with 70% surviving 5 years.

scholarly journals Surgery in high-volume hospitals not commission on cancer accreditation leads to increased cancer-specific survival for early-stage lung cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. David ◽  
David T. Cooke ◽  
Yingjia Chen ◽  
Andrew Perry ◽  
Robert J. Canter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

Photodynamic therapy using Laserphyrin for centrally located early stage lung cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7229-7229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Usuda ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
T. Okunaka ◽  
K. Furukawa ◽  
H. Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasonography ◽  
Tokyo Medical ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

7229 Background: In central type early stage lung cancer, the tumor must be located only as far as the segmental bronchi and be carcinoma in situ or with only limited invasion into the bronchial wall. Laserphyrin (mono-L-aspartyl chlorine e6, NPe6) is a second generation photosensitize and approved by the Japanese government and has been on sale from June 2004. Methods: Four h after the administration of Laserphyrin 40 mg/m2, we irradiated using diode laser (100 mJ/cm2). Before PDT, we evaluated the tumor lesions and tumor depth using autofluorescence bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS), and we confirmed the area of laser irradiation. Results: From February 1980 to December 2005, a total number of 204 patients with 264 lesions of centrally located early stage lung cancer underwent photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital. There were 185 clinical stage 0 lesions and 79 stage I lesions. CRs and PRs were obtained in 224 lesions (84.8%) and 40 lesions (15.2%) out of 264 lesions. From July 2004 to December 2005, we performed Laserphyrin-PDT for 28 lesions of centrally located early stage lung cancer in Tokyo Medical University Hospital. The rate of CR was 92.9% (26 lesions) in 28 lesions. For Laserphyrin-PDT, Skin photosensitivity was very low and the clean-up bronchoscopies were not frequently needed, and the period of hospitalization was shorter compared to that for Photofrin-PDT. Conclusions: We conclude that PDT using Laserphyrin will be a standard option for stage 0 (TisN0M0) and stage I (T1N0M0) centrally located early stage lung cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Effects of metformin and sulfonylureas on overall and colorectal cancer-specific mortality.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2599-2599
Author(s):  
Susan Spillane ◽  
Kathleen Bennett ◽  
Linda Sharp ◽  
Thomas Ian Barron
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

2599 Background: Preclinical studies have suggested a role for metformin in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations between metformin versus sulfonylurea exposure and mortality (all-cause and colorectal cancer specific) are assessed in this population-based study of patients with a diagnosis of stage I-IV CRC. Methods: National Cancer Registry Ireland records were linked to prescription claims data and used to identify a cohort of patients with incident TNM stage I-IV CRC diagnosed 2001-2006. From this cohort, 2 patient groups were identified and compared for outcomes - those who received a prescription for metformin +/- a sulfonylurea (MET) or a prescription for sulfonylurea alone (SUL) in the 90 days pre CRC diagnosis. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, stage, grade, site, comorbidities, year of diagnosis, and insulin, aspirin or statin exposure. Analyses were repeated stratifying by stage and site. Results: 5,617 patients with stage I-IV CRC were identified, of whom 369 received a prescription for metformin or a sulfonylurea in the 90 days pre diagnosis (median follow-up 1.6 years; MET: n=257; SUL: n=112). In adjusted analyses metformin exposure was associated with a 28% lower risk of all-cause mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98) and a non-significant 24% reduction in CRC-specific mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.13). In analyses stratified by site, in colon cancer, metformin exposure was associated with a significant one-third reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95) and a non-significant reduction in site-specific mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40-1.02). No mortality benefit was observed for rectal cancer. The association between metformin exposure and reduced mortality was strongest for stage I/II disease (all-cause mortality: HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.98; CRC-specific mortality: HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.21-1.11). Conclusions: Pre-diagnosis metformin exposure in CRC patients was associated with a significant reduction in mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure. This benefit was greatest in patients with colon cancer and early stage disease.

Genomic profiling of early-stage lung cancer for patterns of recurrence.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23126-e23126
Author(s):  
Costanzo A DiPerna ◽  
Leah Fine
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Therapies ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

e23126 Background: Currently there is no evidence to support molecular profiling for early stage resected lung cancer patients. However, up to 50% of patients experience recurrence following resection. This is a first-of-a-kind study utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling technology to characterize genomic patterns for risk of recurrence in early stage lung cancer patients within the community hospital setting who have undergone lung surgery. Methods: A total of 60 Stage I-II lung cancer patients, all having undergone pulmonary resection, were evaluated with molecular profiling of their primary lung cancer tissue using Foundation Medicine’s FoundationOneÒ test. Patient age in years ranged from 39-86, and all patients were confirmed Stage I or II based on final pathologic analysis. Samples were taken from three community hospitals that are part of the Addario Lung Cancer Foundation Centers of Excellence program. Patients whose tumors were resected between the years of 2009-2017 were included in this combined retrospective and prospective study. Results: More than 300 genes were evaluated using FoundationOneÒ and patients were segmented to establish similarities and differences. Analysis of segments include gender, recurrence, smoking status among others. Gene patterns across segments are beginning to reveal possible predictive profiles. Final analysis will be completed shortly. Conclusions: Genomic profiling could help predict lung cancer recurrence for early stage lung cancer patients. Similarities amongst patients with recurrences imply that early genomic profiling of lung cancer patients could help predict those patients who would benefit from adjuvant therapies including conventional chemotherapy. Genomic profiling for early stage lung cancer should be studied further and in greater detail to help predict those patients who would benefit from potentially early adjuvant therapies.

Mediastinal lymph node examination and survival in resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7069-7069
Author(s):  
Raymond U Osarogiagbon ◽  
Xinhua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality

7069 Background: Pathologic nodal stage is a key prognostic factor in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastasis connotes a poor prognosis. Yet, some NSCLC resections in the US do not include MLN examination. Methods: We analyzed SEER data from 1998 to 2002 to quantify the long-term survival impact of failure to examine MLN in resected NSCLC. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to compare the unadjusted survival difference between patients with, and without, MLN examination. We used Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models to serially adjust for the impact of risk factors on survival differences. Results: Sixty-two percent of patients with pathologic N0 or N1 NSCLC had no MLN examined. Men, African-Americans, patients with more advanced stage, and those who had less than pneumonectomy were less likely to have MLN examination. Five-year all-cause mortality (46.9% v 51.7%, p<.001), and lung cancer-specific mortality (31.5% v 36%, p<.001), rates were higher in those without MLN examination. After adjustment for potential confounders, MLN examination was associated with a 6% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.94; CI, 0.89-0.99; p=.014), and 10% reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; p=.002) rates. The excess risk in 1 year’s cohort of U.S. lung resections was 2,700 lives over 5 years. Conclusions: Failure to examine MLN was a common practice in "MLN-negative" NSCLC resections, which significantly impaired long-term survival. Efforts to understand the etiology of this quality gap, and measures to eliminate it, are warranted.

Self-reported health and survival in older patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6582-6582
Author(s):  
Nadia Azmi Nabulsi ◽  
Ali Alobaidi ◽  
Brian Talon ◽  
Alemseged Ayele Asfaw ◽  
Jifang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

6582 Background: The strength of associations between pre-diagnosis self-reported health (SRH) and mortality differ by medical condition, with a moderately strong association reported among cancer patients. Less is known about the impact of SRH on survival among patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to evaluate pre-diagnosis SRH in relation to survival in a cohort of older MM patients. Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) database of patients 65 years and older diagnosed with first primary MM. Survey responses to a single general health question (asking patients to self-report their health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor) were used to determine pre-diagnosis SRH, grouped as high (excellent/very good/good) or low (fair/poor). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between SRH and risks of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Results: Of 521 MM patients with pre-diagnosis SRH data, the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 76.8 (6.1) years with 60% of patients identifying as white, 18% as black, and 32% reporting low SRH. Compared to patients reporting high SRH, patients reporting low SRH were older, had lower education levels, more comorbidities, and lower Veterans-RAND 12 physical health and mental health component summary scores. In multivariable analyses, MM patients with low SRH had a 28% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.64) and a non-statistically significant 19% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.61) compared to MM patients reporting high SRH. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lower SRH is highly prevalent among MM patients prior to diagnosis and is associated with modestly increased all-cause mortality. At a minimum, low SRH deserves clinical attention to determine how older MM patients’ quality of life may be compromised. The mechanism by which SRH affects mortality in MM should be further assessed and efforts should be made to identify whether any of the underlying mechanisms linking SRH and mortality in MM are mutable.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) mutation and epigenomic patterns in early-stage lung cancer patients and its utility in identifying patients at high risk for early recurrence.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14557-e14557
Author(s):  
Jong Ho Cho ◽  
Il-Jin Kim ◽  
Junghee Lee ◽  
Hong Kwan Kim ◽  
Jinseon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Early Stage Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Dna ◽  
Stage Lung Cancer

e14557 Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been successfully applied to therapy selection and treatment monitoring in advanced cancer patients. However, it is not yet established whether ctDNA can be used clinically for early cancer detection or predicting tumor recurrence in early stage lung cancer patients. Methods: We analyzed pre-operative plasma samples from 55 early stage NSCLC patients (stages I-IIIA) using next-generation sequencing to detect somatic mutations and differential epigenomics patterns, including methylation signatures. Results: Using somatic mutation analysis alone, ctDNA was detected in 42% (23/55) of patients, whereas combined mutational and epigenomic analysis detected ctDNA in 71%. ctDNA detection rate also varied markedly between lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC);using combined analysis of somatic mutations and epigenomic patterns, ctDNA was detected in all SCC patients, while only 55% of ADC (12/22) were ctDNA-positive (p= 0.006). Within the ADC subgroup, ctDNA detection rates using the combined approach were dependent on disease stage: 47% (8/17) in stage I, 100% (2/2) in stage II, and 100% (2/2) in stage IIIA. Importantly, pre-operative ctDNA status was correlated with tumor recurrence post-resection; three of eight (38%) ctDNA-positive stage I ADC patients recurred within 2 years of resection, while only one of nine (11%) ctDNA-negative stage I ADC patients recurred (p= 0.29). Conclusions: Taken together, we show that the combination of somatic mutation detection and epigenomic analysis outperforms each individual biomarker in the detection of ctDNA in early stage lung cancer. Importantly, we also demonstrate that pre-operative ctDNA detection may identify a high-risk population of early stage lung cancer patients that may benefit from (neo)adjuvant therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document