New Experimental Therapeutic Approaches for Degenerative Diseases of the Retina

2003 ◽  
pp. 535-608
Author(s):  
Joyce Tombran-Tink
Keyword(s):  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals Shaping proteostasis at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambre J. Sala ◽  
Laura C. Bott ◽  
Richard I. Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Pn Regulation

The proteostasis network (PN) regulates protein synthesis, folding, transport, and degradation to maintain proteome integrity and limit the accumulation of protein aggregates, a hallmark of aging and degenerative diseases. In multicellular organisms, the PN is regulated at the cellular, tissue, and systemic level to ensure organismal health and longevity. Here we review these three layers of PN regulation and examine how they collectively maintain cellular homeostasis, achieve cell type-specific proteomes, and coordinate proteostasis across tissues. A precise understanding of these layers of control has important implications for organismal health and could offer new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases and other chronic disorders related to PN dysfunction.

CNTF protection of oligodendrocytes against natural and tumor necrosis factor-induced death

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 259 (5095) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Louis ◽  
E Magal ◽  
S Takayama ◽  
S Varon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Trophic Factor ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Natural Cell

A proportion of developing oligodendrocytes undergo natural cell death by apoptosis, and mature oligodendrocytes die, either by apoptosis or necrosis, in response to injurious signals such as cytotoxic cytokines and complement. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a trophic factor found in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), promoted the survival and maturation of cultured oligodendrocytes. This trophic factor also protected oligodendrocytes from death induced by tumor necrosis factors (apoptosis) but not against complement (necrosis). These results suggest that CNTF functions in the survival of oligodendrocytes during development and may lead to therapeutic approaches for degenerative diseases of the CNS that involve oligodendrocyte destruction.

scholarly journals Toward a unified theory of aging and regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 867-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D West ◽  
Hal Sternberg ◽  
Ivan Labat ◽  
Jeffrey Janus ◽  
Karen B Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Growing evidence supports the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of mammalian aging. Accordingly, changes in gene expression following the pluripotency transition, and subsequent transitions such as the embryonic–fetal transition, while providing tumor suppressive and antiviral survival benefits also result in a loss of regenerative potential leading to age-related fibrosis and degenerative diseases. However, reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency demonstrates the possibility of restoring telomerase and embryonic regeneration pathways and thus reversing the age-related decline in regenerative capacity. A unified model of aging and loss of regenerative potential is emerging that may ultimately be translated into new therapeutic approaches for establishing induced tissue regeneration and modulation of the embryo-onco phenotype of cancer.

scholarly journals The Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Kouchakian ◽  
Neda Baghban ◽  
Seyedeh Farzaneh Moniri ◽  
Mandana Baghban ◽  
Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Ethical Concern ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
New Treatment

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells, which are multipotent and possess the ability to differentiate/transdifferentiate into mesodermal and nonmesodermal cell lineages. MSCs display broad immunomodulatory properties since they are capable of secreting growth factors and chemotactic cytokines. Safety, accessibility, and isolation from patients without ethical concern make MSCs valuable sources for cell therapy approaches in autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases. Many studies have been conducted on the application of MSCs as a new therapy, but it seems that a low percentage of them is related to clinical trials, especially completed clinical trials. Considering the importance of clinical trials to develop this type of therapy as a new treatment, the current paper is aimed at describing characteristics of MSCs and reviewing relevant clinical studies registered on the NIH database during 2016-2020 to discuss recent advances on MSC-based therapeutic approaches being used in different diseases.

Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-675
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽  
Mathangi Palanivel ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Domokos Máthé ◽  
George K. Radda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

Lessons From the Neural Bases of Speech and Voice

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Christy L. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Brain Networks ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neural Bases ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Speech

The premise of this article is that increased understanding of the brain bases for normal speech and voice behavior will provide a sound foundation for developing therapeutic approaches to establish or re-establish these functions. The neural substrates involved in speech/voice behaviors, the types of muscle patterning for speech and voice, the brain networks involved and their regulation, and how they can be externally modulated for improving function will be addressed.

Physiologic Studies Provide New Perspectives on Early Speech Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Erin M. Wilson ◽  
Ignatius S. B. Nip
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Facial Motion ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Physiologic Data

Abstract Although certain speech development milestones are readily observable, the developmental course of speech motor control is largely unknown. However, recent advances in facial motion tracking systems have been used to investigate articulator movements in children and the findings from these studies are being used to further our understanding of the physiologic basis of typical and disordered speech development. Physiologic work has revealed that the emergence of speech is highly dependent on the lack of flexibility in the early oromotor system. It also has been determined that the progression of speech motor development is non-linear, a finding that has motivated researchers to investigate how variables such as oromotor control, cognition, and linguistic factors affect speech development in the form of catalysts and constraints. Physiologic data are also being used to determine if non-speech oromotor behaviors play a role in the development of speech. This improved understanding of the physiology underlying speech, as well as the factors influencing its progression, helps inform our understanding of speech motor control in children with disordered speech and provide a framework for theory-driven therapeutic approaches to treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document