Analyzing the impact of variation in hole block layer thickness on OLED performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Shubham Negi ◽  
Poornima Mittal ◽  
Brijesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Block Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Performance

scholarly journals Effect of snow microstructure variability on Ku-band radar snow water equivalent retrievals

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3045-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Rutter ◽  
Melody J. Sandells ◽  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Joshua King ◽  
Peter Toose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Retrieval Errors ◽  
Snow Microstructure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Spatial variability in snowpack properties negatively impacts our capacity to make direct measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) using satellites. A comprehensive data set of snow microstructure (94 profiles at 36 sites) and snow layer thickness (9000 vertical profiles across nine trenches) collected over two winters at Trail Valley Creek, NWT, Canada, was applied in synthetic radiative transfer experiments. This allowed for robust assessment of the impact of estimation accuracy of unknown snow microstructural characteristics on the viability of SWE retrievals. Depth hoar layer thickness varied over the shortest horizontal distances, controlled by subnivean vegetation and topography, while variability in total snowpack thickness approximated that of wind slab layers. Mean horizontal correlation lengths of layer thickness were less than a metre for all layers. Depth hoar was consistently ∼30 % of total depth, and with increasing total depth the proportion of wind slab increased at the expense of the decreasing surface snow layer. Distinct differences were evident between distributions of layer properties; a single median value represented density and specific surface area (SSA) of each layer well. Spatial variability in microstructure of depth hoar layers dominated SWE retrieval errors. A depth hoar SSA estimate of around 7 % under the median value was needed to accurately retrieve SWE. In shallow snowpacks <0.6 m, depth hoar SSA estimates of ±5 %–10 % around the optimal retrieval SSA allowed SWE retrievals within a tolerance of ±30 mm. Where snowpacks were deeper than ∼30 cm, accurate values of representative SSA for depth hoar became critical as retrieval errors were exceeded if the median depth hoar SSA was applied.

Influence of uveitis on Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias F Kriegel ◽  
Arnd Heiligenhaus ◽  
Carsten Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Bruch's Membrane ◽  
Bruch’S Membrane ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Bruch’S Membrane Opening ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
The Impact

Background/aimsTo assess the impact of papillary leakage and active inflammation on optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements in uveitic eyes with and without secondary glaucoma.MethodsProspective, single-centre analysis of patients with uveitis. All patients included received a fluorescein angiography examination and an OCT scan measuring the BMO-MRW and the RNFLT in three concentric peripapillary ring scans.ResultsOverall, 95 eyes of 56 patients were enrolled. Papillary leakage and active inflammation were present in 39 (41%) and 57 (60%) eyes, respectively. Twenty-one eyes were classified as glaucomatous; 10 of those glaucomatous eyes showed papillary leakage. Both BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements were significantly increased in eyes with papillary leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.0001; RNFLT: first to third ring (p<0.0001)). Active inflammation led to a significantly thickened RNFLT (first ring: p=0.0026; second ring: p=0.0009; third ring: p=0.0002) while only a trend towards increased values could be observed in the BMO-MRW measurements (p=0.3063). Glaucomatous eyes with papillary leakage demonstrated significantly higher values on both BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements than glaucomatous eyes without leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.0159; RNFLT: first ring: p=0.0062; second ring: p=0.0037; third ring: p=0.0197). No significant difference could be observed between glaucomatous eyes with leakage and non-glaucomatous eyes without leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.4132; RNFLT: first ring: p=0.5412; second ring: p=0.3208; third ring: p=0.1164).ConclusionsThe OCT scanning parameters BMO-MRW and RNFLT were significantly influenced by papillary leakage in uveitic eyes with and without glaucoma. RNFLT values were also significantly increased while active inflammation was present. In patients with uveitis, these OCT-based imaging tools should be interpreted with caution, especially in those with papillary leakage or active inflammation.

scholarly journals Recent changes to the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra–taiga transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3993-4014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian A. Krogh ◽  
John W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Active Layer Thickness ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Hydrological Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of transient changes in climate and vegetation on the hydrology of small Arctic headwater basins has not been investigated before, particularly in the tundra–taiga transition region. This study uses weather and land cover observations and a hydrological model suitable for cold regions to investigate historical changes in modelled hydrological processes driving the streamflow response of a small Arctic basin at the treeline. The physical processes found in this environment and explicit changes in vegetation extent and density were simulated and validated against observations of streamflow discharge, snow water equivalent and active layer thickness. Mean air temperature and all-wave irradiance have increased by 3.7 ∘C and 8.4 W m−2, respectively, while precipitation has decreased 48 mm (10 %) since 1960. Two modelling scenarios were created to separate the effects of changing climate and vegetation on hydrological processes. Results show that over 1960–2016 most hydrological changes were driven by climate changes, such as decreasing snowfall, evapotranspiration, deepening active layer thickness, earlier snow cover depletion and diminishing annual sublimation and soil moisture. However, changing vegetation has a significant impact on decreasing blowing snow redistribution and sublimation, counteracting the impact of decreasing precipitation on streamflow, demonstrating the importance of including transient changes in vegetation in long-term hydrological studies. Streamflow dropped by 38 mm as a response to the 48 mm decrease in precipitation, suggesting a small degree of hydrological resiliency. These results represent the first detailed estimate of hydrological changes occurring in small Arctic basins, and can be used as a reference to inform other studies of Arctic climate change impacts.

On the impact of the Si passivation layer thickness on the NBTI of nanoscaled Si0.45Ge0.55 pMOSFETs

2011 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Franco ◽  
B. Kaczer ◽  
M. Toledano-Luque ◽  
Ph. J. Roussel ◽  
P. Hehenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Passivation Layer ◽  
The Impact

Effect of layer thickness on irreversible thermal expansion and interlayer strength in fused deposition modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. D’Amico ◽  
Analise Debaie ◽  
Amy M. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of layer thickness on irreversible thermal expansion, residual stress and mechanical properties of additively manufactured parts. Design/methodology/approach Samples were printed at several layer thicknesses, and their irreversible thermal expansion, tensile strength and flexural strength were determined. Findings Irreversible thermal strain increases with decreasing layer thickness, up to 22 per cent strain. Tensile and flexural strengths exhibited a peak at a layer thickness of 200 μm although the maximum was not statistically significant at a 95 per cent confidence interval. Tensile strength was 54 to 97 per cent of reported values for injection molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and 29 to 73 per cent of those reported for bulk ABS. Flexural strength was 18 to 41 per cent of reported flexural strength for bulk ABS. Practical implications The large irreversible thermal strain exhibited that corresponding residual stresses could lead to failure of additively manufactured parts over time. Additionally, the observed irreversible thermal strains could enable thermally responsive shape in additively manufactured parts. Variation in mechanical properties with layer thickness will also affect manufactured parts. Originality/value Tailorable irreversible thermal strain of this magnitude has not been previously reported for additively manufactured parts. This strain occurs in parts made with both high-end and consumer grade fused deposition modeling machines. Additionally, the impact of layer thickness on tensile and flexural properties of additively manufactured parts has received limited attention in the literature.

Experimental determination of impact tensile properties of adhesive butt joints with the split Hopkinson bar

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Hopkinson Bar ◽  
Butt Joints ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
The Impact

The tensile strength and energy absorption of adhesive butt joints at high rates of loading are determined with a tensile split Hopkinson bar using a cylindrical specimen. A commercially available single-component cyanoacrylate adhesive (instantaneous adhesive) and two different adherend materials are used in the adhesion tests. The impact tensile strength of the cyanoacrylate adhesive butt joints is determined from the applied tensile stress history at failure initiation. The impact absorbed energy is obtained by numerical integration of dynamic tensile load-adhesive deformation data. Comparative tension tests at low and intermediate rates of loading are performed on an Instron testing machine. An axisymmetric finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the stress distributions in the adhesive layer of the cyanoacrylate adhesive butt joints. The effects of loading rate, adherend material and adhesive layer thickness on the tensile strength and energy absorption of the cyanoacrylate adhesive butt joints are examined in detail. It is shown that the joint tensile strength increases significantly with increasing loading rate and is greatly affected by both the adhesive layer thickness and the adherend materials. The limitations of the technique are discussed.

A general consideration of incident impact energy accumulation in molecular dynamics thin film simulations—a new approach using thermal control layer marching algorithms

2005 ◽  
Vol 461 (2064) ◽  
pp. 3977-3998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Chang Lin ◽  
Jee-Gong Chang ◽  
Shin-Pon Ju ◽  
Chi-Chuan Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Incident Energy ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Layer

This paper investigates several highly accurate algorithms which can be used to calculate the morphology in a wide range of thin film process simulations, and which require minimum computational effort. Three different algorithms are considered, namely the kinetic energy corrector (KEC) algorithm, the thermal control layer marching (TLM) algorithm, and the thermal control layer marching algorithm with an incorporated KEC function (TLMC). A common characteristic of these algorithms is that they all address the recovery of the impact incident energy within the free reaction layer. However, they differ in their treatment of the thermal control layer. The TLM and TLMC algorithms consider this layer to be moveable, whereas the KEC algorithm regards it as being fixed. The advantage of employing a moveable thermal control layer is that the computational effort required to carry out simulation is reduced since the atoms lying below this layer are excluded. The relative accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are evaluated by considering their use in the simulation of the trench-filling problem associated with the damascene process. The results of the present investigation indicate that the TLM algorithm has the ability to provide an accurate morphology calculation for low and medium energy incident atoms. However, for higher incident energy impacts, the TLMC algorithm is found to be a more appropriate choice because the incorporated energy corrector function is required to remove the higher energy accumulation which occurs within the deposited atoms. Furthermore, for all three algorithms, it is noted that a suitable specification of the free reaction layer thickness is essential in determining the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation. Finally, this paper discusses the relationship between the energy absorption rate and the thickness of the free reaction layer, and presents the optimal free reaction layer thickness for different incident energy intensities.

Ion-Induced Anomalous Charge Collection Mechanisms in SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Makino ◽  
Manato Deki ◽  
Shinobu Onoda ◽  
Norihiro Hoshino ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Schottky Barrier ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Epitaxial Layer ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Electric Field

The charge induced in SiC-SBDs with different epi-layer thicknesses by ion incidence was measured to understand the mechanism of heavy-ion-induced anomalous charge collection in SiC-SBDs. SiC SBD of which epitaxial-layer thicknesses is close to ion range show larger anomalous charge collection than SBD with thicker epi-layer although the former one has lower electric field than the later one. The gains of collected charge from the SBDs suggest that the impact ionization under 0.16 - 0.18 MV/cm of the static electric field in depletion layer is not dominant mechanisms for the anomalous charge collection. It is suggested that the epitaxial-layer thickness and ion-induced transient high electric field are key to understand the anomalous charge collection mechanisms in SBDs.

The impact of layer thickness on the performance of additively manufactured lapping tools

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
The Impact
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