Inoculum Production

VA Mycorrhiza ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Menge
Keyword(s):  
Inoculum Production

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii on Pear by Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp.: Preventative and Curative Effects on Inoculum Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Concepció Moragrega ◽  
Alba Carmona ◽  
Isidre Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Pleospora Allii ◽  
Pathogen Colonization ◽  
Different Strains

Trials under controlled and field conditions were conducted to establish the effect of strategies of application of biological control agents (BCAs) in the reduction of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii inoculum production on pear leaf debris. Six BCAs based on different strains of Trichoderma spp. (Tr1, Tr2) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3 and Bs4) were evaluated. Two strategies were tested in controlled experiments: application before (preventative strategy) or after (curative strategy) pear leaf debris colonization by S. vesicarium, evaluating the growth inhibition and sporulation of S. vesicarium and the pseudothecia production of P. allii. When the BCAs were applied preventatively, the efficacy of treatments based on B. subtilis was higher than those based on Trichoderma spp. in controlling the pathogen colonization, but that of controlling the inoculum production of S. vesicarium and P. allii was similar. However, when the BCAs were applied curatively, Trichoderma based products were more effective. In field trials, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and B. subtlilis Bs1 produced a consistent 45–50% decrease in the number of S. vesicarium conidia trapped compared to the non-treated control. We conclude that Bacillus subtilis Bs1 and Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 can be expected to reduce fungal inoculum during the pear vegetative period by at least 45–50%. Additionally, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 have the potential to reduce the fungal overwintering inoculum by 80% to 90%.

scholarly journals Survival and Inoculum Production of Gibberella zeae in Wheat Residue

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Pereyra ◽  
R. Dill-Macky ◽  
A. L. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Mesh Bags

Survival and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)), the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley, was related to the rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue decomposition. Infested wheat residue, comprising intact nodes, internodes, and leaf sheaths, was placed in fiberglass mesh bags on the soil surface and at 7.5- to 10-cm and 15- to 20-cm depths in chisel-plowed plots and 15 to 20 cm deep in moldboard-plowed plots in October 1997. Residue was sampled monthly from April through November during 1998 and every 2 months through April to October 1999. Buried residue decomposed faster than residue placed on the soil surface. Less than 2% of the dry-matter residue remained in buried treatments after 24 months in the field, while 25% of the residue remained in the soil-surface treatment. Survival of G. zeae on node tissues was inversely related to the residue decomposition rate. Surface residue provided a substrate for G. zeae for a longer period of time than buried residue. Twenty-four months after the initiation of the trial, the level of colonization of nodes in buried residue was half the level of colonization of residue on the soil surface. Colonization of node tissues by G. zeae decreased over time, but increased for other Fusarium spp. Ascospores of G. zeae were still produced on residue pieces after 23 months, and these spores were capable of inducing disease. Data from this research may assist in developing effective management strategies for residues infested with G. zeae.

scholarly journals Soil Inoculum Production, Survival, and Infectivity of the Boxwood Blight Pathogen, Calonectria pseudonaviculata

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm Dart ◽  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Caryn Allen Craig ◽  
J. T. Fry ◽  
Xinran Hu
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Foliar Pathogen ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Stem Cankers

Boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata is typically expressed as a foliage disease with aboveground symptoms including defoliation, dieback and formation of dark narrow stem cankers. Whether this pathogen behaves like other Calonectria spp. and has a significant soil phase in the epidemiology of boxwood blight is not known. In this study we observed experimentally that (1) the boxwood blight pathogen consistently forms microsclerotia in artificially inoculated leaves and roots of Buxus spp., (2) soil artificially inoculated with conidia and microsclerotia of this pathogen can cause foliar blight, (3) conidia and microsclerotia can remain viable in soil for up to 3 and at least 40 weeks, respectively (4) and the pathogen can cause crown and root rot to plants only when roots and crowns are directly exposed to relatively high inoculum levels. Our results suggest that C. pseudonaviculata is primarily a foliar pathogen with a potentially epidemiologically significant soil phase.

scholarly journals An improved growth medium for enhanced inoculum production of the plant growth-promoting fungus Serendipita indica

Plant Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman ◽  
Christian Stigloher ◽  
Martin J. Mueller ◽  
Frank Waller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Growth-inhibiting Fungicides Affect Detection of Phytophthora ramorum from Infected Foliage and Roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Shishkoff
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Affect Detection ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Infected Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Growth-inhibiting fungicides are used routinely to control common and regulated Oomycete pathogens. This study investigated whether such fungicides could affect detection of Phytophthora ramorum from plant tissue, both foliage and roots. Whole plants of Rhododendron × ‘Cunningham's White’ were inoculated with P. ramorum and treated 3 days later with fosetyl-Al, mefenoxam, or propamocarb. The foliage was sampled over time to see if fungicides prevented successful culturing of the pathogen from infected leaf tissue or interfered with detection using real-time PCR or ELISA. Mefenoxam significantly reduced the ability to culture the pathogen from leaves for the first 6 weeks while recovery from leaves treated with other fungicides did not differ from water-treated controls; detection using PCR or ELISA was not affected by fungicide application. The roots of Viburnum cuttings were inoculated with P. ramorum and then treated 4 days later with fosetyl-Al, mefenoxam, or propamocarb. The amount of inoculum in flow through water samples taken weekly for 5 weeks was quantified and percent root colonization determined at the end of the experiment. Propamocarb had no effect on inoculum production or root infection, while viable inoculum production was significantly decreased in fosetyl-Al- or mefenoxam-treated plants over 5 weeks, and root colonization was significantly decreased. Accepted for publication 23 January 2014. Published 18 March 2014.

scholarly journals A Statistical Model to Detect Asymptomatic Infectious Individuals with an Application in the Phytophthora alni-Induced Alder Decline

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chabi Fabrice Elegbede ◽  
Jean-Claude Pierrat ◽  
Jaime Aguayo ◽  
Claude Husson ◽  
Fabien Halkett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Level ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Cox's Regression ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

In some diseases—in particular, tree root infection—stages of infection and inoculum production level and timing are not readily observable because of uncertainty or time lags in symptom appearance. Here, we pose a criterion, based on relative hazard of disease symptoms, to discriminate between healthy and asymptomatic infected individuals. We design a statistical procedure to estimate the criterion for a 6-year survey of alder decline along a northeastern French river. Individual tree symptom hazard was modeled with Cox's regression model, taking estimation of local infection pressure as a risk factor. From an inoculum production experiment, we thereafter assessed the inoculum production level of target trees, including symptomatic and asymptomatic trees ranked according to their symptoms hazard. Using receiver operating characteristic methods, we first evaluated the criterion performance and determined the discrimination threshold to sort out asymptomatic individuals into healthy and infected. Then, we highlighted the fact that the infected asymptomatic trees were among the major inoculum producers whereas severely declining and dead trees were found to be poor inoculum sources.

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