Evidence Required for Causal Inferences about Effects of Micronutrient Deficiencies during Development on Brain Health DHA, Choline, Iron, and Vitamin D

Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting are known as a significant problem in most developing countries, including Indonesia. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between micronutrient deficiencies and stunting with socioeconomic status (SES) among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months. This cross-sectional study was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 1008 Indonesian children were included in the study. Anemia, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and stunting were identified in this study. Structured questionnaires were used to measure SES. Differences between micronutrient parameters and anthropometric indicators with the SES groups were tested using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test after adjusted for age, area resident (rural and urban), and sex. The highest prevalence of anemia, stunting, and severe stunting were found to be most significant in the lowest SES group at 45.6%, 29.3%, and 54.5%, respectively. Children from the lowest SES group had significantly lower means of Hb, ferritin, retinol, and HAZ. Severely stunted children had a significantly lower mean of Hb concentration compared to stunted and normal height children. Micronutrient deficiencies, except vitamin D, and stunting, were associated with low SES among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months.

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Letter to the editor: Associations of vitamin D deficiency with MRI markers of brain health in a community sample

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 2543

Author(s):

Dongren Sun ◽

Fafa Tian

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Community Sample ◽

Brain Health ◽

Letter To The Editor

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Reply to Response letter to the editor: Associations of vitamin D deficiency with MRI markers of brain health in a community sample

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dongren Sun ◽

Xin Mo ◽

Yefan Lv ◽

Fafa Tian

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Community Sample ◽

Brain Health ◽

Letter To The Editor

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Session 3: Joint Nutrition Society and Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute Symposium on ‘Nutrition and autoimmune disease’ Nutrition in Crohn's disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665109001025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maria O'Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Hospital Stays ◽

Current Guidelines

The exact aetiology of Crohn's disease remains unknown. The consensus is that the disease results from a complex interaction between genes, immunity and environmental factors. Diet is attractive, in theory, as an environmental risk factor in the aetiology of the disease. The epidemiological data, often impeded by methodological issues, have failed to confirm a direct link between pre-diet illness and the development of Crohn's disease. Once diagnosed, however, nutrition has an important role in disease management. Among the nutritional issues are malnutrition, weight loss and suboptimal nutritional status; these outcomes may be present at any stage of the disease but are likely to be overt during acute illness and hospitalisation. Malnutrition has been identified in approximately 40% of hospital admissions with Crohn's disease and is associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs. Patients in remission may indeed be overweight and appear to be influenced by the general population trends toward overweight and obesity. Irrespective of BMI, patients are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Vitamin D deficiency, for example, is common in Crohn's disease and has important implications for bone health. Moreover, newer evidence suggests that vitamin D has potential anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary approaches, in the form of enteral nutrition, have previously been shown to reduce inflammation and treat the active disease. Current guidelines now recommend that corticosteroids are more effective than enteral nutrition for treating adults. Enteral nutrition has important growth and developmental benefits and continues to be a recommended therapy for children with Crohn's disease.

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Nutrition and the psychoneuroimmunology of postpartum depression

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422412000091 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 180-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

E. R. Ellsworth-Bowers ◽

E. J. Corwin

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Future Research ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Vitamin Status ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

B Vitamin

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a relatively common and often severe mood disorder that develops in women after childbirth. The aetiology of PPD is unclear, although there is emerging evidence to suggest a psychoneuroimmune connection. Additionally, deficiencies in n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and trace minerals have been implicated. This paper reviews evidence for a link between micronutrient status and PPD, analysing the potential contribution of each micronutrient to psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms of PPD. Articles related to PPD and women's levels of n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se were reviewed. Findings suggest that while n-3 PUFA levels have been shown to vary inversely with PPD and link with psychoneuroimmunology, there is mixed evidence regarding the ability of n-3 PUFA to prevent or treat PPD. B vitamin status is not clearly linked to PPD, even though it seems to vary inversely with depression in non-perinatal populations and may have an impact on immunity. Vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se are linked to PPD and psychoneuroimmunology by intriguing, but small, studies. Overall, evidence suggests that certain micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the development of PPD, possibly through psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms. Developing a better understanding of these mechanisms is important for guiding future research, clinical practice and health education regarding PPD.

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Interrelations Between School-Based Services, Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Deficiencies Among School-Going Children and Adolescents Aged 5–19 Years in India

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1786-1786

Author(s):

Mansi Chopra ◽

Anwesha Lahiri ◽

Priyanshu Rastogi ◽

Arti Bhanot ◽

Anjani Bakshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Parental Education ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

School Meals ◽

Lower Odds ◽

School Based

Abstract Objectives India is home to 119 million children (CH; 5–9 y) and 253 million adolescents (AD; 10–19 y), a majority of whom suffer from multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MND). Given high school enrolment levels in India (90% of CH and 75% of AD) schools are a good platform for services and behavior change interventions targeted toward this age group. We sought to analyze the prevalence and predictors of MND in school going CH and AD in India. Methods Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18 were analyzed separately for CH aged 5–9 y (n = 10,640), AD aged 10–14 y (n = 5390) and AD aged 15–19 y (n = 3693). Serum/plasma concentrations of ferritin, retinol, B12, erythrocyte folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and C-reactive protein were measured. We assessed the weighted prevalence of each MND using established WHO cutoffs, after adjusting ferritin and retinol for inflammation. Primary predictors of MND were dietary intake and access to school services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between these factors and each MND, controlling for socio-demography (sex, residence, wealth quintile, ethnicity, parental education, siblings) and hygiene-sanitation services. Results The top three micronutrient deficiencies were folate (29%), vitamin A (22%), vitamin D (19%) among CH and folate (38%), zinc and B12 (31% each) in AD. One or more MND affected 69% of CH and 83% of AD. In CH, deworming was associated with reduced odds of folate deficiency (AOR and 95% CI: 0.80, 0.68–0.94) and health camps were associated with vitamin A deficiency (0.68, 0.51–0.91). In AD 10–14y, receipt of free school meals had lower odds of B12 deficiency (0.66, 0.49–0.88). In AD 15–19y, health camps were inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency (0.69, 0.51–0.95). CH and AD who consumed green leafy vegetables, pulses and fruits daily had reduced odds of iron, folate or vitamin D deficiencies (AORs: 0.58–0.81). Consumption of fish, chicken or meat (≥2 times/week) was associated with lower odds of almost all MND in CH (AORs: 0.39–0.75), and of iron and B12 deficiencies in AD (AORs: 0.42–0.66). Conclusions Most CH and AD in India suffer from multiple MND. Improving diet quality through school meals and strengthening school-based health services may contribute to MND reductions in this population. Funding Sources UNICEF, POSHAN.

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Micronutrients Dietary Supplementation Advices for Celiac Patients on Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet with Good Compliance: A Review

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rondanelli ◽

Faliva ◽

Gasparri ◽

Peroni ◽

Naso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Good Compliance

Background and objective: Often micronutrient deficiencies cannot be detected when patient is already following a long-term gluten-free diet with good compliance (LTGFDWGC). The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the most recent literature that considers blood micronutrient deficiencies in LTGFDWGC subjects, in order to prepare dietary supplementation advice (DSA). Materials and methods: A research strategy was planned on PubMed by defining the following keywords: celiac disease, vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, and vitamin D. Results: This review included 73 studies. The few studies on micronutrient circulating levels in long-term gluten-free diet (LTGFD) patients over 2 years with good compliance demonstrated that deficiency was detected in up to: 30% of subjects for vitamin B12 (DSA: 1000 mcg/day until level is normal, then 500 mcg), 40% for iron (325 mg/day), 20% for folic acid (1 mg/day for 3 months, followed by 400–800 mcg/day), 25% for vitamin D (1000 UI/day or more-based serum level or 50,000 UI/week if level is <20 ng/mL), 40% for zinc (25–40 mg/day), 3.6% of children for calcium (1000–1500 mg/day), 20% for magnesium (200–300 mg/day); no data is available in adults for magnesium. Conclusions: If integration with diet is not enough, starting with supplements may be the correct way, after evaluating the initial blood level to determine the right dosage of supplementation.

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Biomarkers of Micronutrients in Regular Follow-Up for Tyrosinemia Type 1 and Phenylketonuria Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimber van Vliet ◽

Iris L. Rodenburg ◽

Willem G. van Ginkel ◽

Charlotte M.A. Lubout ◽

Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Dietary Restrictions ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Correlation Tests ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is treated with dietary restrictions and sometimes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). PKU patients are at risk for developing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 and folic acid, likely due to their diet. Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is similar to PKU in both pathogenesis and treatment. TT1 patients follow a similar diet, but nutritional deficiencies have not been investigated yet. In this retrospective study, biomarkers of micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients were investigated and outcomes were correlated to dietary intake and anthropometric measurements from regular follow-up measurements from patients attending the outpatient clinic. Data was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s exact and Spearman correlation tests. Furthermore, descriptive data were used. Overall, similar results for TT1 and PKU patients (with and without BH4) were observed. In all groups high vitamin B12 concentrations were seen rather than B12 deficiencies. Furthermore, all groups showed biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency. This study shows that micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients are similar and often within the normal ranges and that vitamin D concentrations could be optimized.

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