scholarly journals Interrelations Between School-Based Services, Dietary Intake and Micronutrient Deficiencies Among School-Going Children and Adolescents Aged 5–19 Years in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1786-1786
Author(s):  
Mansi Chopra ◽  
Anwesha Lahiri ◽  
Priyanshu Rastogi ◽  
Arti Bhanot ◽  
Anjani Bakshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
School Based

Abstract Objectives India is home to 119 million children (CH; 5–9 y) and 253 million adolescents (AD; 10–19 y), a majority of whom suffer from multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MND). Given high school enrolment levels in India (90% of CH and 75% of AD) schools are a good platform for services and behavior change interventions targeted toward this age group. We sought to analyze the prevalence and predictors of MND in school going CH and AD in India. Methods Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016–18 were analyzed separately for CH aged 5–9 y (n = 10,640), AD aged 10–14 y (n = 5390) and AD aged 15–19 y (n = 3693). Serum/plasma concentrations of ferritin, retinol, B12, erythrocyte folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and C-reactive protein were measured. We assessed the weighted prevalence of each MND using established WHO cutoffs, after adjusting ferritin and retinol for inflammation. Primary predictors of MND were dietary intake and access to school services. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between these factors and each MND, controlling for socio-demography (sex, residence, wealth quintile, ethnicity, parental education, siblings) and hygiene-sanitation services. Results The top three micronutrient deficiencies were folate (29%), vitamin A (22%), vitamin D (19%) among CH and folate (38%), zinc and B12 (31% each) in AD. One or more MND affected 69% of CH and 83% of AD. In CH, deworming was associated with reduced odds of folate deficiency (AOR and 95% CI: 0.80, 0.68–0.94) and health camps were associated with vitamin A deficiency (0.68, 0.51–0.91). In AD 10–14y, receipt of free school meals had lower odds of B12 deficiency (0.66, 0.49–0.88). In AD 15–19y, health camps were inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency (0.69, 0.51–0.95). CH and AD who consumed green leafy vegetables, pulses and fruits daily had reduced odds of iron, folate or vitamin D deficiencies (AORs: 0.58–0.81). Consumption of fish, chicken or meat (≥2 times/week) was associated with lower odds of almost all MND in CH (AORs: 0.39–0.75), and of iron and B12 deficiencies in AD (AORs: 0.42–0.66). Conclusions Most CH and AD in India suffer from multiple MND. Improving diet quality through school meals and strengthening school-based health services may contribute to MND reductions in this population. Funding Sources UNICEF, POSHAN.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity in Cambodian Garment Workers: The Role of Free Lunch Provision

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Makurat ◽  
Eleonore Kretz ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
Chhoun Chamnan ◽  
Michael Krawinkel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The objective of this paper is to compare food consumption by Cambodian garment workers with and without access to a free model lunch provision through a factory-based canteen. Data from an exploratory randomised controlled trial were analysed. In total, 223 female Cambodian garment workers were allocated to an intervention arm (six-month lunch provision) or a control arm. Dietary intake on workdays was assessed by qualitative 24-h recalls at baseline and twice at follow-ups during the period of lunch provision using the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guideline on assessing women’s dietary diversity. In total, 158 participants provided complete data on the dietary intake over workdays at all interviews. Lunch provision resulted in a more frequent consumption of dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, other fruits, and oils and fats during lunch breaks. In contrast, flesh meats, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as sweets, were eaten at a lower frequency. Except for a higher consumption rate of vitamin A-rich fruits and a lower intake frequency of sweets, lunch provision had a less clear impact on total 24-h intake from different food groups and was not associated with a higher women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS). A more gap-oriented design of the lunch sets taking into account underutilised foods and the nutritional status of the workers is recommended.

Association of dietary intake below recommendations and micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy and low birthweight

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Neeta Kumar ◽  
Rajat Sandhir ◽  
Mrigendra Pal Singh ◽  
Suneeta Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Chi Squared

Abstract Background Pregnancy is associated with biochemical changes leading to increased nutritional demands for the developing fetus that result in altered micronutrient status. The Indian dietary pattern is highly diversified and the data about dietary intake patterns, blood micronutrient profiles and their relation to low birthweight (LBW) is scarce. Methods Healthy pregnant women (HPW) were enrolled and followed-up to their assess dietary intake of nutrients, micronutrient profiles and birthweight using a dietary recall method, serum analysis and infant weight measurements, respectively. Results At enrolment, more than 90% of HPW had a dietary intake below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). A significant change in the dietary intake pattern of energy, protein, fat, vitamin A and vitamin C (P < 0.001) was seen except for iron (Fe) [chi-squared (χ2) = 3.16, P = 0.177]. Zinc (Zn) deficiency, magnesium deficiency (MgDef) and anemia ranged between 54–67%, 18–43% and 33–93% which was aggravated at each follow-up visit (P ≤ 0.05). MgDef was significantly associated with LBW [odds ratio (OR): 4.21; P = 0.01] and the risk exacerbate with the persistence of deficiency along with gestation (OR: 7.34; P = 0.04). Pre-delivery (OR: 0.57; P = 0.04) and postpartum (OR: 0.37; P = 0.05) anemia, and a vitamin A-deficient diet (OR: 3.78; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with LBW. LBW risk was much higher in women consuming a vitamin A-deficient diet throughout gestation compared to vitamin A-sufficient dietary intake (OR: 10.00; P = 0.05). Conclusion The studied population had a dietary intake well below the RDA. MgDef, anemia and a vitamin A-deficient diet were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of LBW. Nutrient enrichment strategies should be used to combat prevalent micronutrient deficiencies and LBW.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and Its Association with Size of Offspring at Birth and One Year of Age (P11-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Tyagi ◽  
G S Toteja ◽  
Neena Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake ◽  
Slum Population

Abstract Objectives In resource poor countries like India pregnant women are prone to inadequate dietary intake which causes macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies and consequently leads to low‐birth weight infants with higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Present study was planned with the following objectives: To assess dietary intake of pregnant women during third trimester.To correlate maternal dietary intake with size of infants at birth and at one year of age. Methods This longitudinal study was carried out among slum population of Delhi. Dietary intake data was obtained from 144 pregnant women during pregnancy (gestational age > 28 weeks) using 24 hr recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method. Pregnant women were followed upto delivery and birth size (weight, length, head circumference and MUAC) of infants was measured within 72 hours of birth. Infants were followed quarterly upto one year of age for anthropometric measurements. For statistical analysis One Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used. Results Food consumption data revealed that average consumption of all food groups was lower than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) and percentage adequacy was poor for cereals (96.25%), pulses (51.3%), green leafy vegetables (24.4%), other vegetables (42.5%), fruits (34.8%) and milk and milk products (36.9%).Median intake for all the nutrients was also found lower than Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Percentage adequacy was alsopoor for energy (70.4%), protein (61.0%), thiamine (70.8%), riboflavin (28.6%), niacin (54.9%), B6 (41.6%), folates (35.1%), ascorbic acid (99.4%), retinol (16.2%), calcium (33.6%), iron (28.6%), magnesium (90.1%), and zinc (57.8%).Maternal food group intake and nutrient intake during pregnancy were found significantly correlated with weight, length and MUAC of infants at birth but not at 12 months of age. Even though birth weight and weight at 12 months increased consistently with increase in maternal energy and protein adequacy, this association was not significant at 12 months of age. Conclusions Dietary intake of pregnant women was lower than the recommended dietary intake among slum population of Delhi. Maternal dietary intake was found significantly associated with size of infants at birth. Funding Sources Indian Council Of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Stunting and Anaemia Is Associated with Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies in School Children of Small-Scale Farmers from Chamwino and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Victoria Flavian Gowele ◽  
Joyce Kinabo ◽  
Theresia Jumbe ◽  
Constance Rybak ◽  
Wolfgang Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Dark Green

Inadequate macro- and micronutrient nutrition and its consequences, such as anaemia, iron and vitamin deficiency, and growth retardation, could particularly affect children of small-scale farmers. In the present cross-sectional study, 666 school children aged 5–10 years from villages of Chamwino and Kilosa districts were studied for associations between nutritional and micronutrient status and dietary intake. The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight was 28.1, 14.4, and 5%, while that of anaemia and deficiency of iron (ID), vitamin A (VAD), and zinc (ZnD) was 42.9, 29.3, 24.9, and 32.8%, respectively. Dietary recalls (24h) revealed that, except of iron (74%), only small proportions of children reached the recommended daily micronutrient intakes: 4% for zinc, 19% for vitamin A, and 14–46% for B vitamins. Stunting was highly associated with wasting in both districts and with VAD in Chamwino. Anaemia was predicted by ID, VAD, and ZnD in Chamwino and by elevated infection markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1 glycoprotein (AGP), in Kilosa. Overall, elevated CRP and/or AGP increased the risk while higher serum carotenoids indicating a diet of more fruit and vegetables reduced the risk of VAD. The significantly lower prevalence of anaemia and ID in Chamwino was related to higher iron and vitamin A intake and the consumption of mainly bulrush millet with dark green leafy vegetables compared to maize or rice with legumes in Kilosa. Nutrition and hygiene education integrated with home and school garden programmes could reduce the multiple burdens of anaemia; micronutrient deficiencies and infections; and, in the long term, the prevalence of stunting.

Use of Vitamin D and other Dietary Supplements by Finnish Children at the Age of 2 and 3 Years

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjamäki ◽  
Räsänen ◽  
Uusitalo ◽  
Ahonen ◽  
Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Supplement Use

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of the use of vitamin D and other dietary supplements by Finnish children at the age of 2 and 3 years, to evaluate daily nutrient intake from supplements, and to investigate the relation between supplement use and various sociodemographic factors. The families of 534 newborn infants were invited to a birth cohort study in 1996–1997. Families of 292 children at the child's age of 2 years and families of 263 children at the age of 3 years completed a three-day food record from which the daily use of dietary supplements was calculated. The frequency of dietary supplement use was 50% among the two-year-olds, and 37% among the three-year-old children. The most commonly used supplements among the two-year-olds were vitamin D or vitamin A+D combination (38%) and fluoride (16%) and among the three-year-olds fluoride (19%) and multivitamins (16%), respectively. Intake of nutrients other than vitamin D or fluoride from supplements was rare among two-year-olds, whereas 16% of the three-year-olds received also vitamin A, C, E, and several group B vitamins. Mean daily intake of vitamin D from supplements was 6.7 mug at the age of 2 years and 5.3 mug at the age of 3 years, respectively. The level of parental education was positively associated with the child's vitamin D supplementation at the age of 2 years. As the compliance with national recommendations of vitamin D supplementation was low, intensified counseling of the parents is needed at the well-baby clinics in Finland.

scholarly journals Prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies clinically in rural school going children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Hemant Pralhad Bharati ◽  
Saiprasad Onkareshwar Kavthekar ◽  
Swati Saiprasad Kavthekar ◽  
Anil Bapurao Kurane
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies

Background: Micronutrients are those vitamins and minerals required in very small quantities in our bodies which are essential for a number of different functions including growth and development. Micronutrient deficiencies (MD) are the conditions which are prevalent in the society and parents are unaware of the same due to their asymptomatic nature. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of MD in school children in rural area of Kolhapur district.Methods: This prospective study was carried out among 960 school children of, 8 randomly selected Government schools (120 from each school and from each class 30 children) between the age group of 5-10 years in rural Kolhapur, between July-September 2017. Clinical Features of MD for vitamin A (corneal dryness, Bitot’s spot, skin lesions), for vitamin B (angular chelosis, glossitis, knuckle pigmentation), for vitamin C (bleeding gums, scorbutic rosary), for vitamin D (bow legs, rachitic rosary, pot belly, frontal bossing) and pallor, goitre, dental caries for iron, iodine and fluoride deficiency respectively were examined. The data was analysed statistically.Results: The overall prevalence of MD was 35% with 37.45% in girls with highest (40.8%) in the age group of 8-9 years. The features of vitamin deficiency for vitamin B in 30%, for vitamin A in 15%, for vitamin D in 12%, for vitamin C in 2%. The features of mineral deficiency for iron and fluoride in 38.8% and 36.6% respectively were present. Commonest clinical features of vitamin deficiency were glossitis (15.6%), corneal dryness (9.6%), angular chelosis (7.5%) and knuckle pigmentation (6.9%). Multiple MD were seen in 12.7% of children. Conclusions: Rural school children do suffer from MD significantly. These conditions should be timely evaluated as these are preventable and treatable. 

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Blood Parameters

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Lutz Lohse ◽  
Andreas Blodau ◽  
Katja Frommholz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D has a steroid- and an anabolic-resembling chemical structure. Vitamin D is essential for many processes in the human body after hydroxylation. Aims of the Study: To investigate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D plasma concentrations on the blood parameters number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Methods: Serial assessments were done in 290 patients with multiple sclerosis and repeated after a mean interval of 245 days. A recommendation for vitamin D supplementation was given in case of a concentration lower than 20 ng/mL combined with a prescription of a formulation containing vitamin D but not vitamin K. Results: There was a fall of vitamin D in 119 subjects and a rise in 164, while no change appeared in 7 participants. When vitamin D values went down between both assessments moments, the computed increase of mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly lower compared with the rise of mean corpuscular haemoglobin associated with a vitamin D elevation. When vitamin D declined, the computed fall of mean corpuscular volume fall was significantly lower compared with the decrease of mean corpuscular volume, when vitamin D rose. Positive correlations were found between differences of vitamin D and mean corpuscular haemoglobin, respectively mean corpuscular volume. Inverse relations appeared between disparities of vitamin D and erythrocytes, respectively haematocrit. Conclusions: The elevation of vitamin D plasma levels provides enhanced preconditions for a better tissue oxygenation on a cellular level.

Dietary and serum vitamin D and preeclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Xue-min Huang ◽  
Yan-hua Liu ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Wei-feng Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The effect of vitamin D (VD) on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. Few of previous studies focused on the relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk. Therefore, we conducted this 1:1 matched case-control study to explore the association of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk in Chinese pregnant women. A total of 440 pairs of participants were recruited during March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary information was obtained using a 78-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs of the highest quartile were 0.45 (95%CI: 0.29-0.71, Ptrend = 0.001) for VD dietary intake and 0.26 (95%CI: 0.11-0.60, Ptrend = 0.003) for serum levels after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the RCS analysis suggested a reverse J-shaped relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). A similar association was also found between serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that higher dietary intake and serum levels of VD are associated with the lower risk of PE in Chinese pregnant women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document