Current Issues In Charcoal Production And Use

Charcoal production in Portugal is mostly based on the valorization of woody residues from cork oak and holm oak, the latter being considered a reference feedstock in the market. Nevertheless, since wildfire prevention became a priority in Portugal, after the recent dramatic wildfires, urgent actions are being conducted to reduce the fuel load in the forests, which is increasing the amount of biomass that is available for valorization. Additionally, biomass residues from agriculture, forest management, control of invasive species, partially burnt wood from post-fire recovery actions, and waste wood from storm devastated forests need also to be considered within the national biomass valorization policies. This has motivated the present work on whether the carbonization process can be used to valorize alternative woody biomasses not currently used on a large scale. For this purpose, slow pyrolysis experiments were carried out with ten types of wood, using a fixed bed reactor allowing the controlled heating of large fuel particles at 0.1 to 5 °C/min and final temperatures within 300–450 °C. Apart from an evaluation of the mass balance of the process, emphasis was given to the properties of the resulting charcoals considering its major market in Portugal—barbecue charcoal for both recreational and professional purposes.

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Increasing forest utilization within Bhutan's forest conservation framework: The economic benefits of charcoal production

Forest Policy and Economics ◽

10.1016/j.forpol.2016.08.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arndt Feuerbacher ◽

Matthias Siebold ◽

Ashit Chhetri ◽

Christian Lippert ◽

Klas Sander

Keyword(s):

Forest Conservation ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Forest Utilization

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Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Schneider ◽

Alexander Bonhage ◽

Florian Hirsch ◽

Alexandra Raab ◽

Thomas Raab

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Large Scale ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Legacy Effects ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Study Region ◽

Land Use Legacies

<p>Human land use and occupation often lead to a high heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy and properties in landscapes within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use also are also abundant in recent forest areas. Although such land use legacies can occur on considerable fractions of the soil surface, they are hardly considered in soil mapping and inventories. The heterogenous spatial distribution of land use legacy soils challenges the quantification of their impacts on the landscape scale. Relict charcoal hearths (RCH) are a widespread example for the long-lasting effect of historical land use on soil landscapes in forests of many European countries and also northeastern USA. Soils on RCH clearly differ from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal. The properties of RCH soils have recently been studied for several regions, but their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified.</p><p>We analyse and discuss the distribution and ecological relevance of land use legacy soils across scales for RCH in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on soil organic matter (SOM) stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCH from digital elevation models (DEM), combined with modelled SOM stocks in RCH soils.&#160;The distribution of RCH soils in the study region shows heterogeneity at different scales. The large-scale variation is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas and the small-scale accumulation pattern is related to the irregular distribution of single RCH within the charcoal production fields. Considerable fractions of the surface area are covered by RCH soils in the major charcoal production areas within the study region. The results also show that RCH can significantly contribute to the soil organic matter stocks of forests, even for areas where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEM can contribute to improving such approaches.</p>

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Forestry control in the Brazilian Amazon II: charcoal anatomy of 21 species

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-bja10058 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Marcelo Mendes Braga Júnior ◽

Fernanda Ilkiu Borges de Souza ◽

Luiz Eduardo de Lima Melo

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Sem Images ◽

Axial Parenchyma ◽

Market Control ◽

Commercial Species ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

Human Practices ◽

Perforation Plates

Abstract The production of illegal charcoal, associated with other local human practices, is responsible for the degradation of native forests, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The need for market control and charcoal production is accompanied by the lack of comparative charcoal materials from the Amazon. Here, we describe charcoal samples of 21 Brazilian species and provide SEM images that can facilitate the charcoal identification. It is possible to distinguish the species on the basis of anatomy. Features such as vessel groupings, vessel–ray pitting, perforation plates, axial parenchyma, ray cellular composition, storied structure and secretory elements were chosen as primary diagnostic features for the identification of species. We highlight vessel groupings, axial parenchyma type and in some cases even perforation plates, which were easily observed in low magnification SEM images and can assist in the supervision by government agents. From our descriptions, evaluations and photomicrographs, it will be possible to compare charcoal from commercial species from the Amazon.

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Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany).

10.1079/fc.22843.20210115194 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽

Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerant ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Paper Making ◽

Large Tree ◽

Cool Temperate ◽

Plantation Species ◽

Shelter Belts ◽

The Usa ◽

Water Catchment

Abstract E. robusta is a medium to large tree and is capable of rapid early growth in suitable environments. This species has a broad environmental amplitude, and is planted widely outside of Australia in equatorial to cool temperate regions. E. robusta is best known as a plantation species in the Madagascar highlands, but also in the USA (Hawaii, Florida, California) and Central America (Puerto Rico). E. robusta may tolerate adverse conditions and is especially useful on sites subject to prolonged flooding. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is often used as a shade tree, an ornamental, in shelter belts and in water catchment rehabilitation. The wood of E. robusta is a good fuel and is commonly used for charcoal production. It is durable and is used in the round for posts and poles. Sawn timber can be used for general construction but requires kiln-seasoning to avoid degradation during drying. It is possible to use E. robusta as a source of pulpwood for paper making but other eucalypts are usually preferred.

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Characteristics of Cottage Industries in Kakamega County, Kenya

International Journal of Human Resource Studies ◽

10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6621 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

PaulPeter M. Makokha

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Paper ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Home Based ◽

Low Costs ◽

Cottage Industries

Cottage industries are the home-based units of production which rely on human- or animal-propelled skills and technology. They are characterized by accessibility to raw materials, low costs of operation, and proximity to markets. The cottage industries highlighted in this research paper are: pottery, crude sugar production, brick-making, liquor production, quarrying and masonry, carpentry, traditional medicine production, charcoal production, basketry and weaving, baking, bicycle repair, flour-grinding, and shoe-making and repair.

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