scholarly journals PRESENCE OF BOTH NEUROTROPHIC GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) AND NGF RECEPTORS (NGF-R) IN RAT ISLET CELLS IN CULTURE: ROLE OF NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS IN ISLET CELL DEVELOPMENT

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
C Kanaka ◽  
R Scharfmann ◽  
P Czernichow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Cells In Culture

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNA in Pancreas and β-Cell Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson K. M. Wong ◽  
Anja E. Sørensen ◽  
Mugdha V. Joglekar ◽  
Anand A. Hardikar ◽  
Louise T. Dalgaard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Pancreas Development ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Neighboring Gene ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.

Role of the Interventional Radiologist in Pancreatic Whole Organ and Islet Cell Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Ketan Y. Shah ◽  
Russell O. Simpson ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Obi T. Okoye ◽  
Mithil B. Pandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

AbstractPancreas transplantation is an exciting therapy which has been used for several decades in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It can be performed as either a whole organ or islet cell transplant. The role of interventional radiologists in the management of whole organ transplants is evolving and includes treatment of postoperative complications and graft biopsy to evaluate for rejection. An in-depth understanding of the transplant anatomy and variations is a fundamental tool in performing these interventions successfully. Islet cell transplantation entails delivery of purified donor pancreatic islet cells into the recipient portal vein. Because of their expertise in image-guided access to the portal system, interventional radiologists play a crucial role in this procedure. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, anatomy, complications, and outcomes of both whole organ and islet cell pancreas transplants, followed by a discussion of the role of interventional radiologists in each procedure.

scholarly journals Lack of ZnT8 protects pancreatic islets from hypoxia- and cytokine induced cell death

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Karsai ◽  
Richard A Zuellig ◽  
Roger Lehmann ◽  
Federica Cuozzo ◽  
Daniela Nasteska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Zinc Chelator ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Processing And Storage

Pancreatic β-cells depend on the well-balanced regulation of cytosolic zinc concentrations, providing sufficient zinc ions for the processing and storage of insulin, but avoiding toxic effects. The zinc transporter ZnT8, encoded by SLC30A8, is a key player regarding islet cell zinc homeostasis, and polymorphisms in this gene are associated with altered type 2 diabetes susceptibility in man. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ZnT8 and zinc in situations of cellular stress as hypoxia or inflammation. Isolated islets of wild-type and global ZnT8-/- mice were exposed to hypoxia or cytokines and cell death was measured. To explore the role of changing intracellular Zn2+ concentrations, wild-type islets were exposed to different zinc concentrations using zinc chloride or the zinc chelator N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN). Hypoxia or cytokine (TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β) treatment induced islet cell death, but to a lesser extent in islets from ZnT8-/- mice, which were shown to have a reduced zinc content. Similarly, chelation of zinc with TPEN reduced cell death in wild-type islets treated with hypoxia or cytokines, whereas increased zinc concentrations aggravated the effects of these stressors. This study demonstrates a reduced rate of cell death in islets from ZnT8-/- mice as compared to wild-type islets when exposed to two distinct cellular stressors, hypoxia or cytotoxic cytokines. This protection from cell death is, in part, mediated by a reduced zinc content in islet cells of ZnT8-/- mice. These findings may be relevant for altered diabetes burden in carriers of risk SLC30A8 alleles in man.

MP52-18 ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS IN LEYDIG CELL DEVELOPMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 193 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Correa ◽  
Kenneth Walker ◽  
Daniel Bushnel ◽  
Caitlin Schaefer ◽  
Julia Schaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Growth Factor Receptors ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors

scholarly journals Unraveling the role of the ghrelin gene peptides in the endocrine pancreas

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccarda Granata ◽  
Alessandra Baragli ◽  
Fabio Settanni ◽  
Francesca Scarlatti ◽  
Ezio Ghigo
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Islet Cell ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell ◽  
Ghrelin Gene

The ghrelin gene peptides include acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG), and obestatin (Ob). AG, mainly produced by the stomach, exerts its central and peripheral effects through the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a). UAG, although devoid of GHS-R1a-binding affinity, is an active peptide, sharing with AG many effects through an unknown receptor. Ob was discovered as the G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) ligand; however, its physiological actions remain unclear. The endocrine pancreas is necessary for glucose homeostasis maintenance. AG, UAG, and Ob are expressed in both human and rodent pancreatic islets from fetal to adult life, and the pancreas is the major source of ghrelin in the perinatal period. GHS-R1a and GPR39 expression has been shown in β-cells and islets, as well as specific binding sites for AG, UAG, and Ob. Ghrelin colocalizes with glucagon in α-islet cells, but is also uniquely expressed in ε-islet cells, suggesting a role in islet function and development. Indeed, AG, UAG, and Ob regulate insulin secretion in β-cells and isolated islets, promote β-cell proliferation and survival, inhibit β-cell and human islet cell apoptosis, and modulate the expression of genes that are essential in pancreatic islet cell biology. They even induce β-cell regeneration and prevent diabetes in streptozotocin-treated neonatal rats. The receptor(s) mediating their effects are not fully characterized, and a signaling crosstalk has been suggested. The present review summarizes the newest findings on AG, UAG, and Ob expression in pancreatic islets and the role of these peptides on β-cell development, survival, and function.

scholarly journals The Role of Neurotrophic Factors Conjugated to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration:In VitroStudies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofra Ziv-Polat ◽  
Abraham Shahar ◽  
Itay Levy ◽  
Hadas Skaat ◽  
Sara Neuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Long Acting

Local delivery of neurotrophic factors is a pillar of neural repair strategies in the peripheral nervous system. The main disadvantage of the free growth factors is their short half-life of few minutes. In order to prolong their activity, we have conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles three neurotrophic factors: nerve growth factor (βNGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Comparative stability studies of free versus conjugated factors revealed that the conjugated neurotrophic factors were significantly more stable in tissue cultures and in medium at 37°C. The biological effects of free versus conjugated neurotrophic factors were examined on organotypic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures performed in NVR-Gel, composed mainly of hyaluronic acid and laminin. Results revealed that the conjugated neurotrophic factors enhanced early nerve fiber sprouting compared to the corresponding free factors. The most meaningful result was that conjugated-GDNF, accelerated the onset and progression of myelin significantly earlier than the free GDNF and the other free and conjugated factors. This is probably due to the beneficial and long-acting effect that the stabilized conjugated-GDNF had on neurons and Schwann cells. These conclusive results make NVR-Gel enriched with conjugated-GDNF, a desirable scaffold for the reconstruction of severed peripheral nerve.

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