scholarly journals The Association of Lactation Duration with Visceral and Pericardial Fat Volumes in Parous Women: the CARDIA Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duke Appiah ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
Charles P Quesenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease In Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lactation Duration

Abstract Background Lactation is associated with lower risks for cardiovascular disease in women. Organ-related adiposity, which plays significant roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, could help explain this observation. We evaluated the association of lactation duration with visceral (VAT) and pericardial (PAT) fat volumes in women. Methods Data were obtained from 910 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1985-86) without diabetes prior to pregnancy who had ≥1 birth during 25 years of follow-up and had VAT and PAT measured from computed tomographic scans in 2010-2011. Cumulative lactation duration across all births since baseline was calculated from self-reports collected at periodic exams. Results At baseline, the average age of women (48% black, 52% white) was 24 ± 3.7 years. After controlling for baseline age, race, smoking status, body mass index, fasting glucose, family history of diabetes, fat intake, total cholesterol, physical activity and follow-up covariates (parity, gestational diabetes), the mean fat volumes across categories of lactation (none (n=221), 1 to 5 months (n=306), 6 to 11 months (n=210), and ≥12 months (n=173)) were 122.0, 113.7 105.0, and 110.1 cm3 for VAT and 52.2, 46.7, 44.5 and 43.4 cm3 for PAT, respectively. Changes in body weight from the first post-baseline birth to the end of follow-up mediated 21% and 18% of the associations of lactation with VAT and PAT, respectively. Conclusions In this prospective study, longer cumulative lactation duration was associated with lower VAT and PAT volumes, with weight gain partially mediating these associations

Abstract P060: A Point-based Prediction Model for Predicting 10-year Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Men: Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanying Li ◽  
Hiroshi Yatsuya ◽  
Yoshihisa Hirakawa ◽  
Atsuhiko Ota ◽  
Masaaki Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Current Smoking Status ◽  
History Of

Objective: Preventive services including screening for diabetes and its potential risk factorsare available to more Americans under Obamacare Preventive Care. Stratifying individuals by the predicted risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) would be useful for improving public health with efficient interventions. Although a number of T2DM prediction models have been reported, there is little evidence in East Asians, especially that from long-term follow-up studies. They are reported to have lower ability of innate insulin secretion and develop diabetes at much lower body mass index (BMI) than Caucasians and African Americans. Thus, this study aims to develop a point-based prediction model for 10-year risk of developing T2DM incidence in middle-aged Japanese men. Method: We followed 3,540 males in a worksite in Japan who were aged 35-64 years and free of diabetes in 2002 until March 31, 2015. Relationships of baseline age (continuous), BMI (<23, 23- <25 [reference category (Ref)], 25- <27.5, ≥27.5 kg/m 2 ), current smoking status (yes, no [Ref]), alcohol consumption(0 [Ref], <23, 23- <46, ≥46 g/day), regular exercise of a moderate or higher intensity, an interval of ≥3 days per week, and a duration of ≥30 minutes per time (yes [Ref], no), medication use for dyslipidemia (yes, no [Ref]), family history of diabetes (having the first degree’s relatives with diabetes, not having [Ref]), serum triglycerides (<150 [Ref], ≥150 mg/dl), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(≥40 [Ref], <40 mg/dl), and fasting blood glucose (<100 [Ref], 100- <110, 110- <126 mg/dl) with incidence of T2DM were examined by Cox proportional hazard model. Variables significantly associated with T2DM (p<0.10) in the univariate models were simultaneously entered into a multivariate model, and backward variable selection procedure was done to determine the final multivariate model. Points were assigned for each predictor according to the method used in the Framingham Study. Result: During the median follow-up of 12.2 years, 342 males developed T2DM. The point-based model employing BMI, current smoking status, family history of diabetes, and blood levels of triglycerides and fasting blood glucose showed reasonable discrimination (c-statistics: 0.73) and goodness of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0.22). Conclusion: Our point-based prediction model showed applicability in terms of identifying middle-aged Japanese men at high risk of developing T2DM. The present findings warrants further investigations to determine whether using the point-based prediction models is effective to reduce T2DM incidence.

THE ACCURACY OF [18F]FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AS CONFIRMED BY BIOPSY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SPINE METASTASES IN A CANCER POPULATION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Laufer ◽  
Eric Lis ◽  
Leszek Pisinski ◽  
Timothy Akhurst ◽  
Mark H. Bilsky
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of vertebral metastases in patients with cancer using needle-biopsy results and patient follow-up data. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent a needle biopsy of a spinal lesion and underwent FDG-PET within 6 weeks of the biopsy was performed. Biopsy results and magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic appearance of the biopsied lesion, as well as long-term clinical follow-up data, were recorded for each patient. A total of 82 patients with solid tumors and hematological spine metastases were included in this study. RESULTS The mean standardized uptake values of lesions with active cancer were 7.1 and 2.1 in benign lesions (P &lt; 0.02). In patients with metastatic solid tumors, the mean standardized uptake value was 7.3. Stratification of solid tumor lesions according to whether they had a sclerotic appearance on computed tomographic scans showed that FDG-PET was a significantly better predictor of cancer status in lytic or mixed lesions. In patients with a history of solid tumors, there was 100% concordance between the FDG-PET and needle-biopsy diagnoses in nonsclerotic lesions, when the standardized uptake value cutoff of 2 was used. CONCLUSION FDG-PET is an accurate screening test for vertebral metastases in cancer patients. It is especially accurate in patients with nonsclerotic vertebral lesions and a history of solid malignancy.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study: does family history or genetic predisposition modify the association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001948
Author(s):  
Marion Denos ◽  
Xiao-Mei Mai ◽  
Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

IntroductionWe sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition.Research design and methodsThis prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsOver 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.

scholarly journals Sialendoscopy With Intraductal Steroid Irrigation in Patients With Sialadenitis Without Sialoliths

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudamini J. Lele ◽  
Mickie Hamiter ◽  
Torrey Louise Fourrier ◽  
Cherie-Ann Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Sialendoscopy has emerged as a safe, effective and minimally invasive technique for management of obstructive and inflammatory salivary gland disease. The aim of our study was to analyze outcomes of sialendoscopy and steroid irrigation in patients with sialadenitis without sialoliths. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent interventional sialendoscopy with steroid irrigation from 2013 to 2016, for the treatment of sialadenitis without sialolithiasis. Twenty-two patients underwent interventional sialendoscopy with ductal dilation and steroid irrigation for the treatment of sialadenitis without any evidence of sialolithiasis. Conservative measures had failed in all. Eleven patients had symptoms arising from the parotid gland, 4 patients had symptoms arising from the submandibular gland, while 6 patients had symptoms in both parotid and submandibular glands. One patient complained of only xerostomia without glandular symptoms. The mean age of the study group which included 1 male and 21 females was 44.6 years (range: 3-86 years). Four patients had autoimmune disease, while 7 patients had a history of radioactive iodine therapy. No identifiable cause for sialadenitis was found in the remaining 11 patients. The mean follow-up period was 378.9 days (range: 16-1143 days). All patients underwent sialendoscopy with ductal dilation and steroid irrigation. Twelve patients showed a complete response and 9 patients had a partial response, while 1 patient reported no response. Only 3 patients required repeat sialendoscopy. The combination of sialendoscopy with ductal dilation and steroid irrigation is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with sialadenitis without sialoliths refractory to conservative measures. Prospective studies with a larger case series are needed to establish its role as a definitive treatment option.

Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young men with and without family history of diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Nordang Skårn ◽  
Heidi B. Eggesbø ◽  
Arnljot Flaa ◽  
Sverre E. Kjeldsen ◽  
Morten Rostrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tissue Compartments

Frequency, Predictors, and Outcome of Seizures in Patients With Myelomeningocele: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382110531
Author(s):  
Cemal Karakas ◽  
Emin Fidan ◽  
Kapil Arya ◽  
Troy Webber ◽  
Joan B. Cracco
Keyword(s):  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Shunt Procedure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

To determine the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of seizures in patients with myelomeningocele, we retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with myelomeningocele followed longitudinally at a single center from 1975 to 2013. We identified a total of 122 patients (61% female). The mean follow-up duration was 11.1 years (minimum-maximum = 0-34.5 years, SD = 8.8, median = 9.1 years). A total of 108 (88.5%) patients had hydrocephalus, and 98 (90.7%) of those patients required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. Twenty-four (19.7%) patients manifested with seizures, 23 of whom had hydrocephalus. The average age of seizure onset was 4.8 years (median 2 years of age). Falx dysgenesis ( P = .004), lumbar myelomeningocele ( P = .007), and cortical atrophy ( P = .028) were significantly associated with epileptic seizure development. The average seizure-free period at the last follow-up in patients with a history of myelomeningocele and seizures was 8.1 years. We conclude that myelomeningocele patients with seizures have an overall good prognosis with considerable long-term seizure freedom.

Abstract P178: Dairy Consumption and Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rautiainen ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
History Of

Background: Dairy products have been positively associated with weight loss and inversely associated with weight gain. However, limited number of studies has investigated the role of dairy consumption in the prevention of becoming overweight or obese. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate how consumption of dairy products was associated with the risk of becoming overweight or obese among initially normal-weight women. Methods: We studied 19,180 women aged ≥45y from the Women’s Health Study free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-<25 kg/m 2 . Dairy intake was assessed through a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was defined as the sum of servings per day of low-fat dairy products (skim/low-fat milk, sherbet, yogurt, and cottage/ricotta cheese) and high-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, sour cream, ice cream, cream cheese, other cheese, and butter). Women self-reported body weight along with obesity-related risk factors on baseline and annual follow-up questionnaires. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, we included the following covariates: baseline age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, total energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: During a mean follow-up of 11.2y (216,979 person-years), 8,582 women became overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ). The multivariable-adjusted mean changes in body weight (95% confidence interval (CI)) during the follow-up were 3.9 (3.5-4.3), 3.9 (3.5-4.2), 3.8 (3.5-4.2), 3.7 (3.4-4.1), and 3.4 (3.0-3.7) lbs in quintiles 1-5 of total dairy consumption (P-trend: 0.01), respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses (Table 1) , women in the highest versus lowest quintile of had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.91 (0.84-0.98, P-trend: 0.16) of becoming overweight or obese. No associations were observed in highest quintiles of low-fat dairy and high-fat dairy intakes. Conclusion: Greater consumption of dairy products may be inversely ssociated with risk of becoming overweight or obese in women.

Palliative Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Savastano ◽  
G. P. Feltrin ◽  
D. Neri ◽  
P. da Pian ◽  
M. Chiesura-Corona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization ◽  
Palliative Treatment ◽  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Percutaneous Ethanol Injection ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hcc Recurrence

Thirty-three consecutive patients with previously untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 6 patients with recurrent HCC were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). The patients were not eligible for surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection. TAE was performed with Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid, epidoxorubicin and Gelfoam, with a mean of 1.7 treatments per patient. CT was performed 15 days after TAE. The mean cumulative survival was 14.2 months in patients with previously untreated HCC. The survival of patients stages Okuda I and II did not differ significantly (p > 0.05); tumor size did not affect survival (p > 0.05). Two patients with recurrent HCC died 7.0 and 9.3 months after the diagnosis of tumor recurrence; the remaining 4 patients are still alive with a maximum follow-up of 22.5 months from the diagnosis of HCC recurrence. Ten complications occurred in 8 patients, and were controlled by medical therapy. Eleven patients died during the study; no death was related to TAE. The series was not randomized, but comparison with the natural history of HCC suggests that TAE is effective as palliative treatment of advanced or recurrent HCC.

scholarly journals Complications in Mandibular Midline Distraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pieter de Gijt ◽  
Atilla Gül ◽  
Eppo B. Wolvius ◽  
Karel G.H. van der Wal ◽  
Maarten J. Koudstaal
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Surgical Technique

Mandibular midline distraction (MMD) is a relatively new surgical technique for correction of transverse discrepancies of the mandible. This study assesses the amount and burden of complications in MMD. A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent MMD between 2002 and 2014. Patients with congenital deformities or a history of radiation therapy in the area of interest were excluded. Patient records were obtained and individually assessed for any complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification system (CDS). Seventy-three patients were included of which 33 were males and 40 were females. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years. Twenty-nine patients had minor complications, grades I and II. Two patients had a grade IIIa and three patients had a grade IIIb complication. Common complications were pressure ulcers, dehiscence, and (transient) sensory disturbances of the mental nerve. This study shows that although MMD is a relatively safe method, complications can occur. Mostly the complications are mild, transient, and manageable without the need for any reoperation.

scholarly journals Sodium Status and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Yazd, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Dashti- Rahmat Abadi ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari- Khosravi ◽  
Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Soltani ◽  
Masoud Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Studies on the relationship of urinary sodium with overweight and obesity led to controversial results. Furthermore, no study has ever investigated the association between sodium status and obesity in Iranian adults. The present study examined the association of urinary sodium levels with overweight and obesity in adults living in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The present study recruited 240 adults randomly selected from adults, who participated in Yazd Health Study (YaHS). A 24-hour urine sample was collected from the participants. Participants' demographic information, history of chronic diseases, and smoking status were obtained. The height and weight of the participants were also assessed using standard methods. We compared the weight and body mass index (BMI) of the participants based on the urinary sodium excretion tertiles. The logistic regression model in crude and multivariable adjusted models was used to compare the odds of obesity between urinary sodium tertiles. Results: The findings showed that the mean urinary sodium was not significantly different among overweight, obese, and individuals with normal BMI (P > 0.05) using the crude and multivariable models. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the mean BMI according to urinary sodium excretion tertiles. In addition, the analyses showed that the sodium status was not significantly associated with odds of developing obesity in crude and in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between sodium status and overweight or obesity. Future prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm these results.

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