Population vitamin D stores are increasing in Tasmania and this is associated with less BMD loss over 10 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Thompson ◽  
Dawn Aitken ◽  
Saliu Balogun ◽  
Flavia Cicuttini ◽  
Graeme Jones
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is a common, modifiable determinant of musculoskeletal health. There are limited data that examine the longitudinal change in population 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and none that evaluate the long-term skeletal outcomes of longitudinal vitamin D status. Methods Prospective cohort analysis of community-dwelling adults aged 50-80 years who had 25(OH)D assessed by radioimmunoassay and BMD by DXA at baseline (n=1096), 2.5 (n=870) and 10 (n=565) years. Sun exposure was quantified by questionnaire and supplement use at clinic review. 25(OH)D <50nmol/L was considered deficient. Participants were provided with their 25(OH)D results. Results Over 10 years 25(OH)D increased (52.2 ± 17.0 to 63.5 ± 23.6 nmol/L, p<0.001). Participants with baseline deficiency had larger 25(OH)D increases than baseline sufficient participants (19.2 ± 25.3 vs 1.6 ± 23.3 nmol/L, p<0.001). Longitudinal change in 25(OH)D was associated with baseline summer (β=1.46, p<0.001) and winter (β=1.29, p=0.003) sun exposure, change in summer (β=1.27, p=0.002) and winter (β=1.47, p<0.001) sun exposure and vitamin D supplement use (β=25.0 – 33.0, p<0.001). Persistent vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the femoral neck (β=0.020, p=0.027), lumbar spine (β=0.033, p=0.003) and total hip (β=0.023, p=0.021) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss at the lumbar spine (β=0.045, p<0.001) compared to persistent vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions Population 25(OH)D concentration increased due to a combination of increased sun exposure and supplement use. Maintaining or achieving vitamin D sufficiency was associated with less BMD loss over 10 years.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Yun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yuna He ◽  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional analysis.SettingChina National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2013.SubjectsA total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9–20·0, range 3·0–51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.

Vitamin D status of children in Kerala, southern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhava Vijayakumar ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Bhatia ◽  
Biju George
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractObjectiveTo study plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of children in Kerala, southern India, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTertiary government hospital.ParticipantsChildren (n 296) with trivial acute illness were enrolled. Sun exposure and Ca and vitamin D intakes (7 d dietary recall) were documented. Serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase, plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency (plasma 25(OH)D <30 nmol/l) was 11·1% (median, interquartile range (IQR): 52·6, 38·4–65·6 nmol/l). Children who ate fish daily had significantly higher plasma 25(OH)D than those who did not (median, IQR: 52·5, 40·8–68·9 v. 49·1, 36·2–60·7 nmol/l; P = 0·02). Those investigated in the months of March–May showed highest 25(OH)D v. those enrolled during other times (median, IQR: 58·7, 45·6–81·4 v. 45·5, 35·6–57·4 nmol/l; P <0·001). Plasma 25(OH)D correlated positively with serum P (r = 0·24, P <0·001) and Ca intake (r = 0·16, P 0·03), negatively with age (r = −0·13, P 0·03) and PTH (r = −0·22, P <0·001.). On linear regression, summer season (March–May), lower age, daily fish intake and higher Ca intake were independently associated with plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency is low in Kerala. The natural fish diet of coastal Kerala and the latitude may be protective. Public health policy in India should take account of this geographical diversity.

Vitamin D Status and Its Determinants in Healthy Slovenian Pregnant Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Soltirovska Salamon ◽  
Evgen Benedik ◽  
Borut Bratanič ◽  
Manca Velkavrh ◽  
Irena Rogelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Day Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background/Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a common underdiagnosed condition. The aim of this was to analyze the status of vitamin D and its determinants in healthy Slovenian pregnant women. Methods: A total of 132 volunteer pregnant women completed a questionnaire including baseline demographics, food frequency, physical activities; anthropometrical measurements, body mass index and levels of 25-(OH)D in serum were performed during the third trimester, and dietary intakes were assessed during the 27-28th week of gestation. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was present in 14% while insufficiency was present in 41% of women. The risk for inadequacy was higher in women older than 30 years (p = 0.01), in those with less frequent outdoor physical activity (p = 0.01) and in pregnancies during the low sun exposure season (p = 0.04). Insufficiency was not significantly more frequent in less educated women, unemployed and in those living in urban area. The median value of vitamin D from habitual dietary intake was 1.5 µg/day (range 0.1-13.4) and did not influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (p = 0.91). Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 55% and was dependent on age, season and outdoor physical activities. The results suggest a discrepancy between vitamin D intake through habitual diet and the reference needs.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Among Malay Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1304-1304
Author(s):  
Norliyana Aris ◽  
Hamid Jan Bin Jan Mohamed ◽  
Wan Mohd Izani Bin Wan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

Abstract Objectives Known as ‘sunshine vitamin’, sun exposure is a major and natural source of vitamin D. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D concentration among Malay women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was carried out among female indoor workers with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D &lt; 50 nmol/l) for 12 weeks to evaluate the effects of moderate sun exposure (n = 19; 15 minutes sun exposure biweekly on face, lower arms, hands and feet), vitamin D supplementation (n = 15; 50 000 IU cholecalciferol weekly) and placebo (n = 15) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Data was collected twice from each respondent, firstly during baseline and secondly during endpoint. Body composition measurements (body fat percentage and body mass index), fasting blood test (serum 25(OH)D level) and questionnaire (socio-demographic, physical activity and dietary vitamin D intake) were conducted. The vitamin D classification was based on the 2011 Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines. Repeated measure ANOVA within group analysis was applied. Results The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly among study groups except for age (F = 6.15, p = 0.004). After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in sun exposure (mean difference (MD) = 14.27 nmol/l, p &lt; 0.001) and vitamin D supplement group (MD = 14.30 nmol/l, p &lt; 0.001) but not in the placebo group (MD = 1.63 nmol/l, p = 0.067). Conclusions The 12-weeks intervention with moderate sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation showed a similar significant increment in serum 25(OH)D levels. However, no changes in serum 25(OH)D was observed in the placebo group. These results showed that sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplement were equally helpful in improving serum 25(OH)D levels in participants with vitamin D deficiency. Funding Sources Short Term Research Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Inadequacy among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixiang Zhao ◽  
Earl S. Ford ◽  
James Tsai ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Janet B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy among US women of childbearing age. Methods. Data from 1,814 female participants (20–44 y) in the 2003–2006 NHANES were analyzed to estimate the age-adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <12.0 ng/mL) and inadequacy (defined as 25(OH)D: 12.0–<20.0 ng/mL). Results. The age-adjusted prevalence was 11.1% (95% CI: 8.8–14.0%) for vitamin D deficiency and 25.7% (95% CI: 22.3–29.5%) for vitamin D inadequacy. Race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white and obesity were associated with increased risks, whereas dietary supplement use, milk consumption of ≥1 time/day, and potential sunlight exposure during May-October were associated with decreased risks for both vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy (). Current smoking and having histories of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were also associated with an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (). Conclusions. Among women of childbearing age, periconceptional intervention programs may focus on multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy to ultimately improve their vitamin D nutrition.

scholarly journals The D-Lightful Vitamin D for Health / Vitamin D Za Dobro Zdravlje

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Holick
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Summary Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin that is not only important for children’s and adults’ skeletal health but is also important for their overall health and wellbeing. Vitamin D deficiency has been defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL and vitamin D insufficiency as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 21-29 ng/mL. The major source of vitamin D is sensible sun exposure since very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with in - creased risk for many acute and chronic diseases including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, neurocognitive dysfunction and muscle weakness. To achieve a blood level of 25-hydroxy - vitamin D >30 ng/mL children require 600-1 000 IUs and adults 1 500-2 000 IUs of vitamin D daily.

Proposal and Validation of a Quick Question to Rate the Influence of Sun Exposure in Geriatric Epidemiological Studies on Vitamin D

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
Anne-Marie Schott ◽  
Olivier Beauchet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin under the action of solar ultraviolet-B radiation. The objective of this study was to determine whether a simple question exploring sun exposure (“When weather is nice, do you stay more than 15 minutes exposed to the sun (face and hands uncovered) between 11am and 3pm?”) could be associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among 751 older community-dwelling women (mean age, 80.2 ± 3.5 years). Methods: Two groups were distinguished based on the binary “Yes” versus “No” answer. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL. Results: Fewer women with hypovitaminosis D answered “Yes” to the question on sun exposure (p = 0.042). Answering “Yes” was inversely associated with hypovitaminosis D (OR = 0.56, p = 0.049) after adjustment for demographic characteristics and exogenous sources of vitamin D, with a positive predictive value of 88 %. Conclusion: This simple question may reflect the sun’s influence on vitamin D status and identify older community-dwellers with hypovitaminosis D.

scholarly journals Predictors and correlates of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in young women: results from the Safe-D study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma T. Callegari ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
Alexandra Gorelik ◽  
Nicola J. Reavley ◽  
John D. Wark
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is a global public health concern. Studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) determinants in young women are limited and few include objective covariates. Our aims were to define the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and examine serum 25(OH)D correlates in an exploratory study of women aged 16–25 years. We studied 348 healthy females living in Victoria, Australia, recruited through Facebook. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem MS, relevant serum biochemistry, soft tissue composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skin melanin density, Fitzpatrick skin type, sun exposure using UV dosimeters and lifestyle factors. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 68 (sd27) nmol/l and 26 % were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). The final model explained 56 % of 25(OH)D variance. Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels, creatinine levels, sun exposure measured by UV dosimeters, a positive attitude towards sun tanning, typically spending >2 h in the sun in summer daily, holidaying in the most recent summer period, serum Fe levels, height and multivitamin use were positively associated with 25(OH)D. Fat mass and a blood draw in any season except summer was inversely associated with 25(OH)D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in young women. Factors such as hormonal contraception, sun exposure and sun-related attitudes, as well as dietary supplement use are essential to consider when assessing vitamin D status. Further investigation into methods to safely optimise vitamin D status and to improve understanding of the impact of vitamin D status on long-term health outcomes is required.

Association of vitamin D and multiple sclerosis in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekha Pandit ◽  
Sreeram V Ramagopalan ◽  
Chaithra Malli ◽  
Anitha D’Cunha ◽  
Ramya Kunder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in India. The association between vitamin D status and multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been previously studied in Indians. Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with MS in India. Methods: In this study 110 MS patients and 108 matched controls were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 63 patients in relapse, 77 patients in remission and all controls. Quantity of sun exposure in childhood and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Patients and controls were genotyped for HLA-DRB1*1501. Results: Patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than matched controls ( p = 0.003), and patients in relapse had a significantly lower vitamin D level as compared to those in remission ( p = 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/l) was seen in a higher proportion of cases (71.8%) than controls (53.7%) ( p = 0.01). Higher quartiles of vitamin D (> 58 nmol/l) showed an inverse relationship with MS (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.11–0.68, p= 0.005). This effect persisted after adjusting for sun exposure. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that serum 25(OH)D shows an inverse relationship with MS in the Indian population. Reverse causality cannot be excluded.

High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2138-2138
Author(s):  
Richard W Joseph ◽  
Krishna V. Komanduri ◽  
R. M Saliba ◽  
Amin Alousi ◽  
S. Giralt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Allogeneic Transplant ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency has long been understood to place patients at increased risk for reduced bone density and the development of pathological fractures. In addition to these classical manifestations, a wide body of emerging evidence suggests that Vitamin D deficiency may also increase the risk of illnesses associated with inflammation, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and many common cancers. Our own in vitro data has confirmed that Vitamin D receptors are sharply upregulated on activated T cells and that physiologic calcitriol concentrations appear to have direct immunomodulatory functions (Joseph and Komanduri, unpublished). Vitamin D sufficiency is estimated by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D or calcidiol), and although there is no consensus on the optimal levels, many clinicians define sufficiency as &gt;30 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20–30 ng/ml, and deficiency as &lt;20 ng/ml. As one of the main sources of Vitamin D is through exposure to sunlight, allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) patients are at especially high risk of developing Vitamin D deficiency secondary to prolonged hospitalizations and standard recommendations to avoid sun exposure due to their increased risk of photosensitivity. To our knowledge, there are no large studies describing the incidence of Vitamin D deficiency in allogeneic SCT patients. We initially conducted a pilot study to assess Vitamin D levels in a group of allogeneic SCT recipients approximately assessed at approximately post-SCT day +100 (n=71) and found that only 18% of patients were sufficient, while the incidence of deficiency and insufficiency were to be 62%, and 20% respectively. To further elucidate if the deficiency was present pre-transplant or occurred post-transplant because of hospitalization and avoidance of sun exposure, we then assessed pre-transplant 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in a larger group of allogeneic SCT recipients (n=108), and found that only 8% had normal baseline levels, while the vast majority were deficient (71%) or demonstrated insufficiency (21%). The baseline characteristics of this population are shown in the table below. Although this pilot study was not designed to assess the clinical significance of Vitamin D deficiency in the allogeneic transplant population, we believe that the unexpectedly high incidence of Vitamin D deficiency in SCT recipients deserves further study. Given the increasing epidemiologic and laboratory data implicating the Vitamin D axis in inflammation, we plan to assess traditional clinical outcomes associated with deficiency (including bone density and fracture rates) as well as immunological endpoints (GVHD and infection incidence) in future longitudinal studies. In conclusion, the incidence of Vitamin D deficiency in the allogeneic transplant setting is very high and additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical consequences associated with deficiency, and the potential therapeutic benefits of Vitamin D repletion in SCT recipients.

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