scholarly journals Testicular Ultrasound to Stratify Hormone References in a Cross-Sectional Norwegian Study of Male Puberty

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1888-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Madsen ◽  
Ninnie B Oehme ◽  
Mathieu Roelants ◽  
Ingvild S Bruserud ◽  
Geir Egil Eide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Puberty

Abstract Context Testicular growth represents the best clinical variable to evaluate male puberty, but current pediatric hormone references are based on chronological age and subjective assessments of discrete puberty development stages. Determination of testicular volume (TV) by ultrasound provides a novel approach to assess puberty progression and stratify hormone reference intervals. Objective The objective of this article is to establish references for serum testosterone and key hormones of the male pituitary-gonadal signaling pathway in relation to TV determined by ultrasound. Design, Setting, and Participants Blood samples from 414 healthy Norwegian boys between ages 6 and 16 years were included from the cross-sectional “Bergen Growth Study 2.” Participants underwent testicular ultrasound and clinical assessments, and serum samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry and immunoassays. Main Outcome Measures We present references for circulating levels of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone–binding globulin in relation to TV, chronological age, and Tanner pubic hair stages. Results In pubertal boys, TV accounted for more variance in serum testosterone levels than chronological age (Spearman r = 0.753, P < .001 vs r = 0.692, P < .001, respectively). Continuous centile references demonstrate the association between TV and hormone levels during puberty. Hormone reference intervals were stratified by TV during the pubertal transition. Conclusions Objective ultrasound assessments of TV and stratification of hormone references increase the diagnostic value of traditional references based on chronological age or subjective staging of male puberty.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Australian Men: Longitudinal Analyses of Two Geographically Separate Regional Cohorts

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3599-3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Liu ◽  
Jonathan Beilin ◽  
Christian Meier ◽  
Tuan V. Nguyen ◽  
Jacqueline R. Center ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Background: Cross-sectional studies from different populations show a variable decline in blood testosterone concentrations as men age. Few population representative cohorts have been followed up over time. Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify longitudinally the change in serum testosterone and SHBG concentrations with age in two well-defined, representative but geographically widely separated regional Australian cohorts. Subjects and Setting: The Busselton cohort comprises individuals aged 18–90 yr residing in Western Australia assessed prospectively since 1981. Sera were assayed from 910 men, from whom further samples were available 14 yr later in 480. The Dubbo cohort involves individuals aged 61–90 yr living in Eastern Australia. Baseline sera were collected from 610 men and additional sera on a second (n = 370) and third (n = 200) occasion from 1989 to 2004. Men from both cohorts are community dwelling and of predominately European origin. Results: Longitudinal analyses show the following: 1) total testosterone declines comparably (P > 0.9) by 1.3% (Busselton) and 0.9% (Dubbo) per annum with the same rates of decline when analyses were restricted to men older than 60 yr of age; 2) annual changes in SHBG were also very similar in age-restricted analyses (2.3% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.48); and 3) the annual increase in SHBG was steeper in middle-aged and older men (P < 10−3vs. young men). These longitudinal changes were all up to 4-fold greater in magnitude, compared with cross-sectional analyses of baseline data. Conclusion: In two separate regional Australian populations, blood testosterone fell and SHBG increased comparably with age. Age-related changes in blood testosterone and SHBG previously described in urban-dwelling men are the same in men who reside in smaller regional cities of another continent.

Evaluation of reproductive hormones in Egyptian workers occupationally exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateheya M. Metwally ◽  
Asmaa M. Elfiky ◽  
Neven E. Sharaf ◽  
Hend Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Abstract Objectives Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous, known as an endocrine disruptor. DEHP is a widespread prevalence in general and occupational populations which raised great public concerns due to its potentially harmful health effects on the male reproductive system. We aimed to assess occupational levels of DEHP on gonadotropin and gonadal hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and evaluate its potential effects on Asp327Asn polymorphisms SHBG gene. Methods We measured the levels of DEHP of 90 male workers in one of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) industry plant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sex hormones were examined and Asp327Asn polymorphisms SHBG gene were detected by PCR-RFLP in all participants. Results The workers were divided into low- and high- DEHP exposed groups based on the geometric mean (GM) levels (183.86 U/L) in serum. TT and TT: LH ratio were negatively correlated to DEHP levels (r=−0.213, p=0.038), (r=−0.225, p=0.027), respectively. The linear regression analysis revealed that a 10-fold increase of serum DEHP was found to be associated with 2.07 fold decreased in TT and a 2.26 fold decreased in TT/LH ratio. Conclusions Serum testosterone is negatively associated with DEHP exposure in occupational workers.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

scholarly journals In men older than 70 years, total testosterone remains stable while free testosterone declines with age. The Health in Men Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu B Yeap ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida ◽  
Zoë Hyde ◽  
Paul E Norman ◽  
S A Paul Chubb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Objective: An age-related decline in serum total and free testosterone concentration may contribute to ill health in men, but limited data are available for men > 70 years of age. We sought to determine the distribution and associations of reduced testosterone concentrations in older men. Design: The Health in Men Study is a community-representative prospective cohort investigation of 4263 men aged ≥ 70 years. Cross-sectional hormone data from 3645 men were analysed. Methods: Early morning sera were assayed for total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and LH. Free testosterone was calculated using the Vermeulen method. Results: Mean (± s.d.) serum total testosterone was 15.4 ± 5.6 nmol/l (444 ± 162 ng/dl), SHBG 42.4 ± 16.7 nmol/l and free testosterone 278 ± 96 pmol/l (8.01 ± 2.78 ng/dl). Total testosterone correlated with SHBG (Spearman’s r = 0.6, P < 0.0001). LH and SHBG increased with age (r = 0.2, P < 0.0001 for both). Instead of declining, total testosterone increased marginally (r = 0.04, P = 0.007) whilst free testosterone declined with age (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). Free testosterone was inversely correlated with LH (r = −0.1, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, increasing age, body mass index (BMI) and LH were associated with lower free testosterone. Conclusions: In men aged 70–89 years, modulation of androgen action may occur via an age-related increase in SHBG and reduction in free testosterone without a decline in total testosterone concentration. Increasing age, BMI and LH are independently associated with lower free testosterone. Further investigation would be required to assess the clinical consequences of low serum free testosterone, particularly in older men in whom total testosterone may be preserved.

scholarly journals Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Endogenous Sex Hormones in Diabetic Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Shakir F.T. Al-Aaraji
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Dm Type 2 ◽  
Endogenous Sex Hormones

The objective of this cross sectional study was to assess the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2  in men on endogenous sex hormones: estradiol (E2) and  total testosterone (TT); pituitary gland hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)  as well as high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) in men. This study comprised a total of (80) subjects out of which (40) were normal and (40) were diabetic males. The results obtained indicated a significant increasing (p≤ 0.05) of serum hs-CRP and E2 in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, while a significant reduction (p≤ 0.05) of  serum testosterone in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics, and non-significant reduction of serum LH, FSH in men with DM type 2 comparison to non-diabetics were observed. The data from this study show the role of endogenous sex hormones and hs-CRP in diabetes risk. Testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, which may represent an important avenue for intervention

Relative Diagnostic Value of Serum Non-SHBG-Bound Testosterone, Free Androgen Index and Free Testosterone in the Assessment of Mild to Moderate Hirsutism

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley F Blight ◽  
Stephen J Judd ◽  
Graham H White
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

Recent evidence suggests that steroid hormone loosely bound to albumin is available for target-cell entry. Preliminary studies have suggested that a measure of this fraction, non-sex-hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone (NSB-T), provides the best in vitro diagnostic test for idiopathic hirsutism. We compared the diagnostic value of NSB-T, total testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT), and the free androgen index (FAI) in supporting the clinical diagnosis in 22 pre-menopausal women with hirsutism. NSB-T supported the diagnosis in 50% of cases, compared with 23% for T, 55% for fT by analogue RIA, and 68% for FAI. We conclude that in mild to moderate hirsutism the measurement of NSB-T does not yield diagnostic information additional to that provided by the FAI.

scholarly journals Hypoactive sexual desire in transsexual women: prevalence and association with testosterone levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Elaut ◽  
Griet De Cuypere ◽  
Petra De Sutter ◽  
Luk Gijs ◽  
Michael Van Trotsenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Testosterone Levels

ObjectiveAn unknown proportion of transsexual women (defined as post-operative male-to-female transsexuals on oestrogen replacement) experience hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). It has been suggested that the absence of ovarian androgen production together with oestrogen treatment-related increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels could be leading to HSDD, due to low levels of biologically available testosterone. This study wishes to document the HSDD prevalence among transsexual women and the possible association to androgen levels.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsTranssexual women (n=62) and a control group of ovulating women (n=30) participated in this study. Questionnaires measuring sexual desire (sexual desire inventory) and relationship and sexual satisfaction (Maudsley Marital Questionnaire) were completed. Serum levels of total testosterone, LH and SHBG were measured in blood samples obtained at random in transsexual women and in the early follicular phase in ovulating women.ResultsThe transsexual group had lower levels of total and calculated free testosterone (both P<0.001) than the ovulating women. HSDD was reported in 34% of the transsexual and 23% of the ovulating women (P=0.30). Both groups reported similar levels of sexual desire (P=0.97). For transsexual women, no significant correlation was found between sexual desire and total (P=0.64) or free testosterone (P=0.82). In ovulating women, these correlations were significant (P=0.006, resp. P=0.003).ConclusionsHSDD is reported in one-third of transsexual women. This prevalence is not substantially different from controls, despite markedly lower (free) testosterone levels, which argues against a major role of testosterone in this specific group.

scholarly journals Androgen Deficiency and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMED.S27700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Entesar O.A. El Saghier ◽  
Salah E. Shebl ◽  
Olfat A. Fawzy ◽  
lhab M. Eltayeb ◽  
Lamya M.A. Bekhet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low total serum testosterone (LST) has been identified in several cross-sectional studies. Objectives To assess the prevalence of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED) and their relation to glycemic control within a sample of Egyptian men with T2DM. Research Design and Methods A cross-sectional study including 70 men having T2DM. Their ages ranged from 30 to 50 years. They were evaluated for symptoms of androgen deficiency and ED, using a validated Arabic-translated Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire and five-items version of the International Index of Erectile Function-5, respectively. Total testosterone (TT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured for all study subjects. Penile hemodynamics was assessed using penile duplex study for subjects who gave history of ED. Results LST was found in 40% of studied men, and 92.9% of them reported overt symptoms of androgen deficiency. ED was detected in 85.7% of those with LST, as opposed to 31.0% of those with normal TT ( P < 0.000). TT was lower in diabetic men with ED compared to those without ED (12.04 ± 5.36 vs 17.11 ± 7.11 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Significant negative correlation was found between TT and age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and HBA1c ( P < 0.00). FSH, LH, and prolactin levels were within the normal reference range in all subjects. HbA1c was higher in patients who had LST with ED, compared to those with normal TT and without ED. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal a significant association between HBA1c and LST levels. Conclusion LST, symptoms of androgen deficiency, and ED are common in the studied sample of Egyptian men with T2DM. Inappropriately normal FSH and LH in face of LST may denote a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. HBA1c was found to be more significantly associated with ED than with LST.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Gynecologic Outcomes: Insights from the EAGeR Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lee Kuhr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Length

Context: Vitamin D is associated with a host of reproductive outcomes, but there is little research investigating these relationships in healthy, regularly cycling, premenopausal women.Objective: Our objective was to assess the relationship between vitamin D and hormonal biomarkers, sporadic anovulation, menstrual cycle length, and premenstrual syndrome and its symptoms. We hypothesize that vitamin D will be inversely associated with aberrations in reproductive and gynecologic function.Methods: This was a prospective cohort of 1191 participants attempting to conceive, aged 18-40, with 1-2 prior pregnancy losses, no history of infertility, and enrolled in the EAGeR trial. Patients answered questionnaires regarding demographic information and gynecologic histories and serum samples were collected pre-randomization. Patients collected and froze daily first-void urine samples for up to two menstrual cycles. Patients were followed for risk of anovulation for two menstrual cycles and followed all together for up to six menstrual cycles.Results: Vitamin D was associated with free androgen index and sex hormone binding globulin concentration, but not total testosterone, free testosterone, or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Vitamin D was negatively associated with estrone-1-glucoronide in urine but not with pregnanediol glucuronide. Vitamin D was not associated with menstrual cycle length or its phase components and was not associated with risk of sporadic anovulation. Vitamin D was associated with breast tenderness/fullness and generalized aches and pains during the premenstrual week but not with other symptoms or overall risk of PMS.Conclusions: Vitamin D may play a role in a host of reproductive and endocrine outcomes, including the bioavailability of androgens, concentrations of estrogens, and physical symptoms of PMS.

scholarly journals Reference Intervals of Total Testosterone in Adult Filipino Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Myrna Buenaluz‐Sedurante ◽  
Mark Isaiah K. Co ◽  
Daryl Jade T. Dagang ◽  
Racquel G. Bruno ◽  
Annie Jane N. Sarmiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Healthy Young Adult

Background. The reference range of total testosterone needs to be established locally as ethnic differences in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels may affect total testosterone levels. The aim of this study is to establish the reference intervals of total testosterone from healthy, young adult Filipino males. Methods. The study included 110 healthy, Filipino male volunteers aged 21–40, studying or working at the University of the Philippines Manila. Clinical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained, and blood for total testosterone, SHBG, albumin, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and total cholesterol was collected. Free testosterone was calculated using Vermeulen’s formula. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of subjects for total testosterone were used as the normative range for Filipino men. Results. The reference range of total testosterone is 7.33–53.01 nmol/L. Conclusion. The present study derived reference ranges of total testosterone using data from apparently healthy, young adult men to support clinical services.

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