scholarly journals Hormonal and Body Composition Predictors of Soluble Leptin Receptor, Leptin, and Free Leptin Index in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Controls and Relation to Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 3486-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Misra ◽  
Karen K. Miller ◽  
Cecilia Almazan ◽  
Kavitha Ramaswamy ◽  
Avichal Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor

Abstract Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with very low levels of leptin, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue and known to suppress appetite. Leptin may play a permissive role in onset of puberty and in resumption of gonadal function in conditions of undernutrition. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is the main leptin binding protein, and the ratio of serum leptin to sOB-R provides a measure of the free leptin index (FLI), which may be a more accurate determinant of leptin function. Determinants of sOB-R and FLI have not been examined in an adolescent population. We examined levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI, and body composition and hormonal determinants of these variables in 23 adolescent girls with AN and 21 healthy adolescent girls of comparable maturity prospectively over 1 yr. Measures of insulin resistance and adiponectin were also examined. We determined changes in levels of sOB-R, leptin, and FLI with weight recovery (defined as an increase in body mass index of ≥10%, n = 11), and with resumption of menstrual cycles (n = 13). Girls with AN had significantly higher levels of sOB-R (P = 0.0008) and significantly lower levels of leptin and FLI (P < 0.0001 for both) than healthy controls, and levels of FLI were reduced more than levels of leptin in girls with AN compared with controls. An inverse correlation was noted between levels of leptin and sOB-R for the group as a whole (r = −0.64, P < 0.0001) but not in girls with AN considered alone. The most important predictor of levels of sOB-R was cortisol in the group as a whole (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001) and in girls with AN considered alone (r = 0.66, P = 0.0008). Other independent predictors of sOB-R levels for the entire group were percent body fat (r = −0.44, P = 0.003) and levels of IGF-I (r = −0.37, P = 0.01). The most important predictors of leptin and FLI were body mass index and percent body fat. An inverse relationship was noted between measures of insulin resistance and sOB-R levels, whereas a positive association was noted between these measures and leptin and FLI. Adiponectin values did not differ in girls with AN compared with healthy controls and did not correlate with sOB-R, leptin, or FLI. Weight recovery resulted in significant decreases in levels of the sOB-R (24.7 ± 1.7 to 17.6 ± 1.2 U/ml, P = 0.004), and increases in levels of leptin (4.4 ± 1.0 to 13.7 ± 2.9 μg/liter, P = 0.02). Resumption of menstrual function, but not weight recovery alone, was associated with significant increases in FLI (0.19 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.09 μg/U × 10−3, P = 0.02). We demonstrate an increase in levels of sOB-R and a decrease in the FLI in adolescent girls with AN, and also demonstrate that cortisol is the most important predictor of levels of sOB-R in this condition. Levels of leptin and FLI, conversely, are primarily predicted by body composition. Weight recovery is associated with a decrease in sOB-R and an increase in leptin. Resumption of menses is associated with significant increases in the FLI, suggesting that free leptin may be an important determinant of menstrual recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Parents' Employment Status on Changes in Body Mass Index and Percent Body Fat in Adolescent Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Lee ◽  
Deborah Rohm Young ◽  
Charlotte A. Pratt ◽  
Jared B. Jobe ◽  
Soo Eun Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Percent Body Fat

Examination of Risk for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among College Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey Peck ◽  
Timothy Renzi ◽  
Hannah Peach ◽  
Jane Gaultney ◽  
Joseph S. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
College Football ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Track Athletes

Context: Professional football linemen are at risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) compared with other types of athletes. It is currently unknown whether college football linemen display a similar risk profile. Objective: (1) To determine for the first time whether college football linemen show risk for SDB and (2) test the hypothesis that SDB risk is higher in college football linemen compared with an athletic comparison group. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: The Health Risk Assessment Laboratory. Participants: Male football linemen (n = 21) and track (n = 19) Division I athletes between the ages of 18 and 22 years. Interventions: Participants completed the Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale surveys, validated measures of symptoms of sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Neck and waist circumferences, blood pressure, Modified Mallampati Index (MMPI), and tonsil size were determined, followed by body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Main Outcome Measures: Scores from surveys, anthropometric data, MMPI, and body composition. Results: Survey data demonstrated a deficiency in sleep quality and efficiency, coinciding with increased self-reported symptoms of apnea (Multivariable Apnea Prediction Index = 0.78) in college linemen relative to track athletes. Neck circumference (44.36 cm), waist circumference (107.07 cm), body mass index (35.87 kg/m2), and percent body fat (29.20%), all of which exceeded the clinical predictors of risk for obstructive sleep apnea, were significantly greater in linemen compared with track athletes. Multivariable Apnea Prediction variables were significantly correlated with MMPI, neck circumference, percent body fat, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure (r ≥ .31, P < .05), indicating that college football linemen are at increased risk for SDB. Conclusions: Risk factors for SDB recognized in professional football linemen are also present at the college level. Screening may minimize present or future risk for SDB, as well as the downstream risk of SDB-associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hahn ◽  
Uwe Haselhorst ◽  
Beate Quadbeck ◽  
Susanne Tan ◽  
Rainer Kimmig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor ◽  
Endocrine Parameters

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and a high incidence of obesity. Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is involved in the regulation of energy balance and obesity and circulates in both free and bound forms. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) is the most important leptin-binding protein, thus influencing the biologically active free leptin level. Design: We assessed the correlation of metabolic and endocrine parameters with leptin and sOB-R levels in 122 PCOS women (aged 27 ± 5.7 years) and 81 healthy controls (aged 25 ± 4.0 years). Methods: Leptin and sOB-R levels were measured using ELISA kits. In addition, anthropometric variables, body fat and endocrine parameters were evaluated and a glucose tolerance test performed to assess indices of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Results: In PCOS patients, no correlation was found between leptin or sOB-R and parameters of hyper-androgenism. However, as expected, body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference and indices of insulin resistance were significantly correlated with leptin in PCOS subjects and controls. In a subgroup analysis of lean, overweight and obese PCOS patients, significant differences were found in leptin (29.7 ± 20.7 vs 45.4 ± 25.0 vs 67.7 ± 28.8 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and sOB-R (8.0 ± 3.4 vs 6.4 ± 2.5 vs 5.7 ± 2.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Compared with BMI-matched controls, lean PCOS patients had lower sOB-R levels (8.0 ± 3.4 vs 12.7 ± 4.7 ng/ml, P < 0.0001) and higher free leptin indices (4.5 ± 3.9 vs 2.8 ± 2.2, P = 0.0285). Conclusion: Taking into account that low sOB-R levels supposedly compensate diminished leptin action, PCOS per se might cause leptin resistance.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat and Visceral Fat in Relation to Dietary Fat and Fiber Intake among University Females

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Rafia Bano ◽  
Eyad AlShammari ◽  
Aljawharah Almedan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fiber Intake

Recent economic upliftment has brought many changes in the food choices and eating habits from home made to fast foods. This shift in the area of nutrition has given rise to overweight and obesity. Considering this the present study was planned to 1) determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of university students 2) Find the relationship between the body composition and dietary fat and fibre intake. A total of 300 university females, 18-30+ years were randomly selected from all the colleges at the University of Hail for the present study. A Self-administered questionnaire was given, and the Body composition were measured with the help of bio-electric impedance analysis technique. Data were analysed using SPSS -17 software. The results indicated that 22% of the students were overweight and 21.3% were obese. The mean percent body fat as well as visceral fat exceeded its normal limits in around 44% of the participants. Vegetables and fruits, except dates, were not frequently consumed by most of the participants with a mean intake of fibre as 14g/day. Significant positive correlations were found among Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat% and Visceral Fat level. Strong positive correlation was also found between BMI and fat intake (P< 0.01), whereas the body composition and fiber intake was found to be inversely correlated (P<0.01). Findings of present study suggest that there is need for coordinated efforts at all levels to reduce the prevalence of obesity and high percentage of body fat, and to develop healthy eating habits in young generation.

scholarly journals Twenty-Four Hour Growth Hormone and Leptin Secretion in Active Postpubertal Adolescent Girls: Impact of Fitness, Fatness, and Age at Menarche

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 3935-3940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Z. Kasa-Vubu ◽  
W. Ye ◽  
K. T. Borer ◽  
A. Rosenthal ◽  
T. Meckmongkol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Gh Secretion

Abstract Context: GH is strongly related to body composition, physical activity, and pubertal progression. Adolescent girls decrease physical activity during puberty, whereas their weight increases. Because leptin is a good index of energy balance in active young women, we hypothesized that leptin is related to GH secretion in this population while taking into account fitness, fatness, and age at menarche. Methods: We measured body composition and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in 37 postpubertal adolescent girls aged 16–21 yr. GH was sampled every 10 min and leptin hourly for 24 h. We first analyzed 6-h time blocks by repeated measures for GH and leptin, with body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and VO2max as covariates for the entire group and a lean subgroup. The deconvolution method was used to characterize GH pulsatility from individual time points. Results: GH varied through the day (P &lt; 0.0001), with the highest concentrations overnight. BMI, percent body fat, and VO2max were related to GH concentrations in the entire group, whereas leptin predicted GH in the entire group as well as the lean subgroup of girls. Higher leptin was related to lower GH concentrations (P = 0.011), regardless of time. A log leptin level increase by 1 unit decreased GH by 27%. Pulsatility characteristics showed a 1-yr increase of age at menarche increasing total GH input by 20% (P = 0.0035) independently from BMI. Conclusion: In postpubertal adolescent girls, leptin is related to GH concentration across the lean to overweight BMI spectrum. GH pulsatile secretion was greater in girls with later age at menarche.

Physical Activity and Body Composition in Outpatients Recovering from Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hechler ◽  
Elizabeth Rieger ◽  
Stephen Touyz ◽  
Pierre Beumont ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to compare differences in physical activity, the relationship between physical activity and body composition, and seasonal variation in physical activity in outpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls. Physical activity (CM-AMT) and time spent in different intensities of 10 female individuals with AN and 15 female controls was assessed across three seasons along with the percentage body fat. The two groups did not differ in their physical activity and both demonstrated seasonal variation. The percentage body fat of individuals with AN, but not that of the controls, was negatively related to CM-AMT and time spent in low-moderate intesnity acitivy (LMI). Seasonal variation in physical activity emerged with increases in engagement in LMI during the summer period for both groups. Possible interpretations of the finding that decreased physical activity was related to a normalization of percentage body fat in the individuals with AN are discussed and implications for treatment are highlighted.

In Nonobese Children, Fitness and BMI Are Independent Predictors of Fasting Insulin

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Watson ◽  
Jens Eickhoff ◽  
Blaise A. Nemeth ◽  
Aaron L. Carrel
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
School Children ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Middle School Children

Objective:Although fitness and obesity have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiometabolic disease risk in obese children, this interaction is not well defined in nonobese children. The purpose of this study was to define the relationships between peak aerobic capacity, body composition, and fasting insulin levels in nonobese middle school children.Study Design:148 middle school children (mean age 11.0 ± 2.1 years, 49% male) underwent determination of body mass index (BMI) z-score, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, body composition by DXA scan (lean body mass and body fat percentage), and peak oxygen uptake per kg of lean body mass (VO2peak). Univariate correlations and multivariate regression analysis were used to identify independent predictors of fasting insulin using age, sex, percent body fat, body mass index z-score, and VO2peak.Results:fasting insulin was significantly related to VO2peak (r =−0.37, p < .001), percent body fat (r = .27, p < .001), and BMI z-score (r = .33, p = .002). After inclusion in the multivariate model, VO2peak (p = .018) and body mass index z-score (p = .043) remained significant predictors of fasting insulin, while age (p = .39), sex (p = .49), and percent body fat (p = .72) did not.Conclusions:Among nonobese middle school children, fasting insulin is independently related to aerobic fitness after accounting for age, sex, and body composition. Public health efforts to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among all adolescents should include exercise programs to increase cardiovascular fitness.

Body Composition of Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Charest-Lilly ◽  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Joel Rosentswieg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Jackson Pollock ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Minimal Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to examine the estimated body composition values of women hospitalized for treatment of anorexia nervosa in relation to values reported in the literature for women without known dietary problems. Sixteen volunteers between the ages of 16 and 37 years from hospitals in California and Texas participated in the study. Data collected included height, weight, and selected skinfold and circumference measures. Statistical analyses included independent and paired t tests. Significant differences were found between the percent body fat of anorexic subjects (M = 15.54%) and that of normative women in the Jackson, Pollock, and Ward (1980) study (M = 24.09%). When the actual weight of the anorexic subjects (M = 99.3 lb) was compared with their theoretical minimal weight calculated by the Behnke (1969) formula (M = 106.5 lb), no significant difference was obtained. A comparison of somatogram data for the anorexic women and the reference woman found significant differences at 5 of the 11 sites measured.

scholarly journals Relationship between Birth Weight and Metabolic Status in Obese Adolescents

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hill ◽  
Harry Prapavessis ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Michelle Jackman ◽  
Farid H. Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Objective. To examine the relationships between birth weight and body mass index, percent body fat, blood lipids, glycemia, insulin resistance, adipokines, blood pressure, and endothelial function in a cohort of obese adolescents. Design and Methods. Ninety-five subjects aged 10–16 years (mean age 13.5 years) with a body mass index >95th centile (mean [±SEM] 33.0 ± 0.6) were utilized from two prospective studies for obesity prevention prior to any interventions. The mean term birth weight was 3527 ± 64 g (range 1899–4990 g;). Results. Body mass index z-score correlated positively with birth weight (r2=0.05, P=0.03), but not percent body fat. Insulin resistance negatively correlated with birth weight (r2=0.05, P<0.001), as did fasting plasma insulin (r2=0.05, P<0.001); both being significantly greater for subjects of small versus large birth weight (Δ Homeostasis Model Assessment = 2.5 and Δ insulin = 10 pmol/L for birth weight <2.5 kg versus >4.5 kg). Adiponectin, but not leptin, blood pressure z-scores or peripheral arterial tomography values positively correlated with birth weight (r2=0.07, P=0.008). Conclusions. Excess body mass index in obese adolescents was positively related to birth weight. Birth weight was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors but represented a significant determinant of insulin resistance.

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