scholarly journals Duodenal Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 1 Expression Under Fasting Conditions Is Associated With Postload Hyperglycemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 3979-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino ◽  
Evelina Suraci ◽  
Gaetano Paride Arcidiacono ◽  
Antonio Cimellaro ◽  
Chiara Mignogna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Rna Levels

Abstract Context Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with a higher intestinal expression of the glucose transporters sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2). It is currently unsettled whether prediabetes conditions characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia, such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with 1-hour postload glucose ≥155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L) (NGT-1h-high) are associated with increased expression of these glucose carriers in the intestine. Objective We evaluated whether duodenal abundance of SGLT-1 and GLUT-2 is augmented in subjects with IGT and NGT-1h-high, in comparison with subjects with NGT and 1-hour postload glucose ˂155 mg/dL (NGT-1h-low). Design Cross-sectional. Patients A total of 54 individuals underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Main Outcome Measures Duodenal SGLT-1 and GLUT-2 protein and messenger RNA levels were assessed by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results Of the 54 subjects examined, 18 had NGT-1h-low, 12 had NGT-1h-high, 12 had IGT, and 12 had T2DM. Duodenal SGLT-1 protein and messenger RNA levels were significantly higher in individuals with NGT-1h-high, IGT, or T2DM in comparison with NGT-1h-low subjects. GLUT-2 abundance was higher in individuals with T2DM in comparison with NGT-1h-low subjects; no substantial increase in GLUT-2 expression was observed in NGT-1h-high or IGT individuals. Univariate correlations showed that duodenal SGLT-1 abundance was positively correlated with 1-hour postload plasma glucose levels (r = 0.44; P = 0.003) but not with fasting or 2-hour postload glucose levels. Conclusions Duodenal SGLT-1 expression is increased in individuals with 1-hour postload hyperglycemia or IGT, as well as in subjects with T2DM, and it positively correlates with early postload glucose excursion.

STUDIES IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY (SEIP-BERARDINELLI SYNDROME)

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Oseid
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Juvenile Form ◽  
Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The One ◽  
Adipose Organ

ABSTRACT Six cases of congenital generalized lipodystrophy have been studied at different ages from infancy to adolescence with regard to glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. During the first few years of life there is normal glucose tolerance. The fasting immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) levels are either slightly elevated or normal. The IRI response to glucose is exaggerated and prolonged, at least from the third year of life. Some degree of insulin resistance is already present in infancy. From the age of 8–10 years glucose tolerance decreases rapidly. The fasting IRI levels are usually grossly elevated, while fasting plasma glucose levels are only moderately elevated or normal. The IRI responses to oral and iv administered glucose, and to tolbutamide are exaggerated; the insulinogenic indices are high. Cortisone primed glucose tolerance tests become abnormal. Insulin resistance is marked, and increases with age. After cessation of growth at approximately 12 years of age, frank diabetes with fasting hyperglycaemia and diabetic glucose tolerance curves developed in the one patient followed beyond this age. Her fasting IRI was increased, but there was a poor IRI response to glucose stimulation, suggesting a partial exhaustion of the β-cells. Her initial IRI response to tolbutamide was still good, but not as brisk as in the younger patients. This type of diabetes is quite different from the juvenile form, and also from the diabetes of older age. It may be causally related to the lack of an adequate adipose organ necessary for the disposal of excesses of glucose, or possibly related to another anti-insulin mechanism.

Effect of High ß-Glucan Barley on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Levels in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 772-P
Author(s):  
MARIKO HIGA ◽  
AYANA HASHIMOTO ◽  
MOE HAYASAKA ◽  
MAI HIJIKATA ◽  
AYAMI UEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Mireia Falguera ◽  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽  
Maria Belén Vilanova ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Hydrolyzed Protein on Glucose Levels in Adults with Prediabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
Andrea Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Luis Mojica ◽  
Armando Gomez-Ojeda ◽  
Maciste Macias-Cervantes ◽  
Claudia Luevano-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolyzed Protein ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objectives In silico, biochemical, in vitro, and in vivo assays have shown that black bean hydrolyzed protein (HPF) could decrease glucose absorption by inhibiting digestive enzymes and blocking gastrointestinal transporters. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the acute effect of different doses of HPF on glucose levels in adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and with prediabetes. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 31 adults with NGT and 24 adults with prediabetes. Participants were 25–50-year-old and with a body mass index (BMI) between 25–34.9 kg/m2. After consent, participants were randomized into four groups, placebo or the corresponding HPF (powder) treatment (D1:2.5 g, D2:3.7 g, D3:5 g). Subjects received the placebo, 120 mL of a commercial beverage (Be-light), or the corresponding HPF dose dissolved in 120 mL of Be-light. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g glucose) was used to measure glucose tolerance before treatment (initial). A second OGTT was used to evaluate the acute effect of the HPF, and blood samples were collected at 0, 60, 120, and 150 min, and blood glucose levels were measured. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test. Results Participants with NGT: the D3 group showed a decrease in blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) when compared with the D1 group (13,639.2 ± 1585.9 vs. 16,756.6 ± 2709 mg · min/dL; P = 0.05). However, there was no difference with the placebo group (14,073.7 ± 1825.9 mg · min/dL, P = 0.9). When comparing the initial AUC vs. treatment AUC, the placebo, D2, and D3 groups decreased significantly (P = 0.01). Participants with prediabetes: the D3 group also show a significantly decreased in AUC when compared with the D2 group (19,815 ± 3153 vs. 27,545 ± 5398 mg · min/dL; P = 0.01). However, there was no difference with the placebo group (21,743.5 ± 4503 mg · min/dL, P = 0.8). Additionally, when comparing initial AUC vs. treatment AUC, only the D3 group decreased significantly (P = 0.01). Conclusions The comparison of the acute effect of three different doses of HPF showed a decrease in blood glucose (AUC) in a dose-dependent manner in participants with prediabetes. Funding Sources CONACYT Problemas Nacionales 2016-2081.

scholarly journals Regulation of Glucose Transporter Messenger RNA Levels in Rat Adipose Tissue by Insulin

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Sivitz ◽  
Susan L. DeSautel ◽  
Toshiaki Kayano ◽  
Graeme I. Bell ◽  
Jeffrey E. Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rna Levels

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between cardiac autonomic function and glucose variability and HOMA-IR in prediabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 147916412095861
Author(s):  
Rumyana Dimova ◽  
Nevena Chakarova ◽  
Greta Grozeva ◽  
Tsvetalina Tankova
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Freestyle Libre ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between cardiac autonomic function (CAF) and glucose variability (GV) and HOMA-IR in subjects with prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Material and methods: Ninety-two subjects (59 with prediabetes and 33 with NGT), of mean age 50.3 ± 11.5 years, mean BMI 30.4 ± 6.0 kg/m2, were included in this cross-sectional study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by OGTT according to WHO 2006 criteria. Glucose, HbA1c, insulin, oxLDL, and 3-Nitrotyrosine were measured. CGM was performed with a blinded sensor (FreeStyle Libre Pro). CAF was assessed by ANX-3.0 technology. Results: GV indices were increased in prediabetes. CAF was suppressed in subjects with any stage of dysglycemia. The prevalence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction was higher in prediabetes −20.3% as compared to NGT −3.0%, p = 0.028. HOMA-IR [OR 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1), p = 0.010] and time in target range [OR 0.8 (95% CI: 0.67–0.97), p = 0.021] were found to be predictive variables for impaired CAF. Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity negatively correlated with mean glycemia and GV indices and were independently related to JINDEX in prediabetes ( F[1, 47] = 5.76, p = 0.021 and F[1, 47] = 5.94, p = 0.019, respectively); and to time above target range in NGT ( F[1, 18] = 4.48, p = 0.049 and F[1, 18] = 4.65, p = 0.046, respectively). Conclusion: CAF is declined in prediabetes and seems to be related to GV and HOMA-IR at early stages of dysglycemia.

THE RESPONSE OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC WOMEN TO TOLBUTAMIDE AND LEUCINE AT BIRTH, AND TO GLUCOSE AND TOLBUTAMIDE AT 2 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-557
Author(s):  
Mutya S. A. Velasco ◽  
Elsa P. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Woman ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Twelve newborn infants, 2 to 8 days old, of gestational (IGDM) and insulin-requiring (IDM) diabetic mothers responded to intravenous tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) with abnormally large decreases in plasma glucose and marked rises in plasma insulin (the latter was measured only in IGDM). Only 3 of 13 IGDM tested with leucine had significant decreases in plasma glucose. Newborn infants of normal mothers showed no changes in glucose or insulin in response to intravenous tolbutamide, and one of five had a small decrease in glucose levels after leucine. The results suggest the presence of large stores of pancreatic insulin in newborn infants of diabetic mothers which are more readily released by stimulation with tolbutamide than with leucine. The offspring of the diabetic women were restudied at 2 years of age for their response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. Seven of nine children had normal glucose and insulin levels after intravenous tolbutamide, and two had abnormally low glucose levels with high insulin levels. Three of the nine had normal glucose tolerance with normal insulin levels. The other six had abnormally elevated glucose levels which varied in duration from one-half to 2 hours. Four of the six had an accompanying hyperinsulinemia; two, who had diabetic glucose tolerance, had poor insulin responses. The findings in the 2-year-old children support a concept that the fetal environment provided by a diabetic woman has effects on carbohydrate tolerance which extend beyond the newborn period.

Abstract P337: Association of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Japanese Urban Cohort: The Suita Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Aya Higashiyama ◽  
Yoko M Nakao ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction: Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few prospective studies were reported the association between combinations of these two factors and incident CVD. We assessed the hypothesis that insulin resistance increased the association between glucose intolerance and CVD in Japanese general population. Methods: We studied 4,638 Japanese individuals (mean age 56.1 years, without CVD) who completed a baseline medical examination and a 75g oral glucose tolerance test in the Suita Study. Glucose categories were defined as follows: diabetes mellitus (DM; fasting plasma glucose levels [FPG] ≥126 mg/dL, 2 hours post-loaded glucose levels [2h-PG] ≥ 200 mg/dL, and/or DM medication); impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; FPG <126 mg/dL and 2h-PG =140-199 mg/dL); impaired fasting glucose (IFG; FPG =100-125 mg/dL and 2h-PG <140 mg/dL); and normal glucose tolerance [NGT]. Insulin resistance was the following formula: HOMA-IR = [FPG] x [fasting insulin] / 405. Insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure category, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and drinking at the baseline. Results: During the 11.7-year follow-up, we documented 127 cerebral infarctions, 63 hemorrhagic stroke, 12 unclassified strokes, and 143 coronary heart disease events. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with FPG =100-125 mg/dL and ≥126 mg/dL were 1.38 (1.01-1.89) and 2.00 (1.12-3.58) for stroke and 1.47 (0.99-2.19) and 2.73 (1.43-5.22) for cerebral infarction, respectively, compared with the fasting NGT group. On the basis of the subjects with 2h-PG <140 mg/dL group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with 2h-PG ≥200 mg/dL were 1.71 (1.07-2.72) for stroke and 2.06 (1.20-3.54) for cerebral infarction. Compared to the NGT group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the subjects with IFG, IGT, and DM were 1.59 (1.10-2.30), 1.34 (0.89-2.00), and 1.86 (1.16-3.00) for stroke and 1.82 (1.13-2.90), 1.55 (0.93-2.56), and 2.43 (1.39-4.26) for cerebral infarction, respectively. Compared to the subjects with HOMA-IR <1.5, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD and stroke with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 were 1.45 (1.07-1.96) and 1.61 (1.07-2.42), respectively. Compared to the NGT group without insulin resistance, the IFG and DM groups with insulin resistance were observed the increased risks of stroke (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.05 [1.17-3.57] and 2.11 [1.17-3.83]) and cerebral infarction (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.45 [1.20-5.00] and 3.56 [1.84-6.88]), respectively. Conclusions: Fasting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are predictive factors for the incidence of stroke and cerebral infarction. Insulin resistance increased the risks of incident stroke and cerebral infarction in general inhabitants with IFG and DM.

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