scholarly journals Interesting fellow or tough old bird? 3rd person male referents in Ontario

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Karlien Franco ◽  
Sali A. Tagliamonte
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Total N ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Network Type

English has many words to refer to an adult man, e.g. man, guy, dude, and these are undergoing change in Ontario dialects. This paper analyzes the distribution of these and related forms using data collected in Ontario, Canada. In total, N = 6788 tokens for 17 communities were extracted and analyzed with a comparative sociolinguistics methodology for social and geographic factors. The results demonstrate a substantive language change in progress with two striking patterns. First, male speakers in Ontario were the leaders of this change in the past. However, as guy gained prominence across the 20th century, women started using it as frequently as men. Second, these developments are complicated by the complexity of the sociolinguistic landscape. There is a clear urban vs. peripheral division across Ontario communities that also involves both population size and distance from the large urban centre, Toronto. Further, social network type and other local influences are also important. In sum, variation in 3rd person singular male referents in Ontario dialects provides new insight into the co-occurrence and evolution of sociolinguistic factors in the process of language change.

scholarly journals The refuge of a dying variant within the grammar: Patterns of change and continuity in the Spanish verbal periphrasishaber de + infinitive over the past two centuries

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Blas Arroyo ◽  
Javier Vellón Lahoz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractBased on a corpus of ego-documents (private letters, diaries, memoirs) from the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, this paper presents a variationist comparative study to determine the fate of the modal periphrasishaber de + infinitive in the history of modern Spanish. Detailed analysis of the envelope of variation enables us to show that, despite an abrupt decline in the selection ofhaber derelative totener que, both ‘to have to’, grammatical environments that favor its use remain in the mid-20th century. Many of the factor groups and the hierarchy of constraints during this period are similar to those that operated in previous periods. Nevertheless, a generalized decrease in the explanatory power of these factor groups, as well as some divergent patterns within several of these groups are also observed, mainly as a result of the fact thathaber de + infinitive is increasingly relegated to some restricted areas of the grammar and lexicon. Based on these results, some theoretical implications for changing rates and constraints in language change and grammaticalization are discussed.

Towards the Polycentric Urban Region: Impacts on Centres and Milieus

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Sako Musterd ◽  
Marco Bontje ◽  
Wim Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

Over the past four decades, many urban regions, including the Amsterdam region, have changed from compact monocentric urban entities to - albeit still fairly compact - polycentric urban regions. This has been illustrated frequently and in various ways, for example with daily interaction information. A question relevant to this transformation concerns the implications it poses to the different centres and milieus in the urban region, especially the “old” central city. Is the central city quickly losing position, or is it gaining a new, vital place in the urban region? Can the answer to that be deduced from the population dynamics in the urban region? Is insight into the residential mobility process helpful in understanding the changing residential structure and the functioning of the urban system? This paper addresses these questions, using data that make it possible to analyse urban dynamics.

A Data Visualization Dashboard like a Game to Show Associations Between Cited-by and Similar Journals related to JMIR Serious Games: A Bibliometric Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Hsien-Yi Wang ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Willy Chou
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Given ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND Over 47,703 articles were found on Pubmed.com by searching for the keyword “association between[Title]” in the past. However, to date, none present the association between cited-by and similar journals related to a given journal. Authors need one effective and efficient way to find journals related to a specific journal. The strength of association between cited-by and similar journals for a given journal is required to report. OBJECTIVE This study aims (1) to present the feature of a given journal about their keyword topics and international author collaborations; (2) to show the cited-by and similar journals related to the given journal; (3) to investigate the association between their cited-by and similar journals. METHODS We obtained 85 abstracts since 2013 from Medline based on the keywords of ("JMIR Serious Games[Journal]) on June 30, 2018, and plotted the clusters, including (i) international author collaborations, (ii) keyword topics, (iii)cited-by and similar journals related to JMIR Serious Games(JSG), and (iv) association between cited-by and similar journals, on Google Maps by using social network analysis(SNA). RESULTS This study found that (1) the most number of papers are from the U.S.( 28, 32.9%) and the U.K. (11,12.9 %), the most frequently used keywords are serious games and video games; (2) the top two journals for cited-by and similar journals, respectively, are (i) JMIR mHealth uHealth(IF=4.541), J Med Internet Res (IF=4.671) and (ii) Games Health J (IF= 2.019), J Med Internet Res (IF=4.671); (3) a mild association(=0.14) exists between cited-by and similar journals related to JSG. CONCLUSIONS SNA provides deep insight into the relationships of related journals to a given journal. The results of this research can provide readers with a knowledge and concept diagram to use with future manuscript submissions to JSG. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

In pursuit of power: Competition for majority status and Senate partisanship

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gelman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Roll Call Vote ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Partisan Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Main Factor

During the 20th century, Congress experienced two main shifts in partisan conflict. Early decades were marked by a substantial decrease in party divisiveness, reaching a nadir by mid-century. Beginning in the 1970s, partisanship has increased to the point that Congress is viewed as “hyper-partisan.” Political scientists have thoroughly examined this more recent shift; however, few studies consider why party divisiveness has fluctuated during the past century and over time more generally. Lee’s recent work contends a main factor that drives legislative partisanship is the majority party’s prospects for retaining control of its chamber. Using data on every Senate roll call vote since 1915 and a novel measure of party competition, I test an extension of Lee’s argument and examine whether partisan voting is associated with insecure majority status. My results indicate that voting coalitions in the Senate become more partisan as the majority’s probability of remaining in power decreases.

scholarly journals Is the Revision of the Outer Space Treaty Necessary? – A Theoretical Approach

Eudaimonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Stefan Rakić
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space Race ◽  
Space Law ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
Insight Into

The beginnings of the space race in the middle of the 20th century are well known and documented. But not many people know of the very beginnings of the idea that the use of outer space should be regulated. Its roots do not go deep in the past, as humans could only venture far enough in the 20th century, and therefore, there was no need to establish any kind of rules prior to that period. One of the most common examples used to describe the birth of such an idea is in fact the quote attributed to Theodore von Karman, a rocket scientist at Caltech, who saw the need to establish some ground rules for human activities beyond Earth way back in 1942, more than a decade before the first satellite ever was launched: “Now, Andy, we will make the rockets – you must make the corporation and obtain the money. Later on you will have to see that we behave well in outer space... After all, we are the scientists but you are the lawyer, and you must tell us how to behave ourselves according to law and to safeguard our innocence.”1 This article will attempt to give insight into two crucial questions that may be identified: what changes and challenges does the space law bring to the domain of public international law as a whole (1) and, closely related to the previous question, how should, if at all, the cornerstone principles of space law itself, as they are according to the current OST, be reinvented (2).

scholarly journals Usage Patterns Identification Using Graphs and Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Ovidiu-Dan Sonea
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDuring the past years, the number of platforms that are introducing a subscription plan is steadily increasing. This phenomenon helps support the developers as well as continuing to provide quality content. Since not so many individuals are willing to spend money or some simply do not have the means, they resort to sharing an account that has a subscription plan. This behavior can, in some instances, be harmful for the developers and, even if it is not, any provider can benefit from knowing what type of clients they have. The solution depicted and explored in this article will focus on using data that is easily available and structuring it in a way that can provide insight into each account activity.

Recovery boiler sootblowers: History and technological advances

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
HONGHI TRAN ◽  
DANNY TANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery Boilers ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Parameters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Deposit Removal

Sootblowing technology used in recovery boilers originated from that used in coal-fired boilers. It started with manual cleaning with hand lancing and hand blowing, and evolved slowly into online sootblowing using retractable sootblowers. Since 1991, intensive research and development has focused on sootblowing jet fundamentals and deposit removal in recovery boilers. The results have provided much insight into sootblower jet hydrodynamics, how a sootblower jet interacts with tubes and deposits, and factors influencing its deposit removal efficiency, and have led to two important innovations: fully-expanded sootblower nozzles that are used in virtually all recovery boilers today, and the low pressure sootblowing technology that has been implemented in several new recovery boilers. The availability of powerful computing systems, superfast microprocessors and data acquisition systems, and versatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling capability in the past two decades has also contributed greatly to the advancement of sootblowing technology. High quality infrared inspection cameras have enabled mills to inspect the deposit buildup conditions in the boiler during operation, and helped identify problems with sootblower lance swinging and superheater platens and boiler bank tube vibrations. As the recovery boiler firing capacity and steam parameters have increased markedly in recent years, sootblowers have become larger and longer, and this can present a challenge in terms of both sootblower design and operation.

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

Changes in the Teacher Training and Qualification in Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Viara Gyurova
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Training System ◽  
Development System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teacher Qualification

Since the beginning of the last decade of the past 20th century, Bulgaria has entered a new, complex stage of its development, with many reforms. Education and teacher training reforms are influenced by the global and European trends, as well as by the national changes (political, economical, social, and technological). The author analyses the main characteristics of the changed teacher training system and teacher qualification and development system. Some of the challenges and directions of the transformation and future development of the teacher education and qualification in Bulgaria are discussed.

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