Administrative Monsters

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 127-151
Author(s):  
Adam E. Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

Yurii Yaremenko was one of the late great theorists of the Soviet planning system. His theory, as presented first in censored and self-censored form in his major monograph, Structural Changes in the Socialist Economy (1981), describes the planned economy as composed of groups of technologically differentiated industries, ordered by their priority for receiving scarce high-quality goods. The forced development of the economy is its qualitative differentiation, which over time creates inherent structural imperatives for large-scale reorderings of that priority hierarchy, lest the phenomena of structural transformation become pathological. This account is supplemented by post-Soviet published interviews and by the author’s own interviews with Yaremenko’s associates. They reveal what Yaremenko’s theory left unsaid: that the disintegration of the late Soviet state into a multitude of competing, self-reproducing “administrative monsters,” the most powerful being the military industries distorted industrial structure, degraded civilian life, and ultimately made reform impossible.

scholarly journals Designing for Consistent Implementation of a 5th Grade Digital Math Curriculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Roschelle ◽  
Steven Gaudino ◽  
Samantha Darling
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Values ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Over Time

Reasoning Mind products are used by over 100,000 students a year and have shown positive outcomes. In this design case we focus on implementation: how Reasoning Mind’s approach evolved to tackle the challenge of achieving consistently high-quality implementations with many different schools, teachers, and students. Key insights include the definition of the Implementation Coordinator role and how that role is managed, the design and refinement of specific tools to support the implementation improvement process, and how Reasoning Mind’s understanding of its organizational values in relationship to its approach to implementation evolved over time. Based on a study in which 23 schools in West Virginia are newly adopting Reasoning Mind, we also reflect on how the design insights are playing out in a large-scale implementation.

scholarly journals Assembly, annotation, and comparison of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from strawberry and other hosts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Kay Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin L. Childs ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Marina L. Ramon ◽  
Frank N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Additional Work

Abstract Background: Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungal plant pathogen with a broad host range, but one genotype was shown to exhibit host preference/specificity on strawberry. This pathogen lacked a high-quality genome assembly and annotation, and little was known about genomic differences among isolates from different hosts. Results: We used PacBio sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding to provide nearly complete genome assemblies for M. phaseolina isolates representing the strawberry-specific genotype and another genotype recovered from alfalfa. The strawberry isolate had 59 contigs/scaffolds with an N50 of 4.3 Mb. The isolate from alfalfa had an N50 of 5.0 Mb and 14 nuclear contigs with half including telomeres. Both genomes were annotated with MAKER using transcript evidence generated in this study with over 13,000 protein-coding genes predicted. Unique groups of genes for each isolate were identified when compared to closely related fungal species. Structural comparisons between the isolates reveal large-scale rearrangements including chromosomal inversions and translocations. To include isolates representing a range of pathogen genotypes, an additional 30 isolates were sequenced with Illumina, assembled, and compared to the strawberry genotype assembly. Within the limits of comparing Illumina and PacBio assemblies, no conserved structural rearrangements were identified among the isolates from the strawberry genotype compared to those from other hosts, but some candidate genes were identified that were largely present in isolates of the strawberry genotype and absent in other genotypes. Conclusions: High-quality reference genomes of M. phaseolina have allowed for the identification of structural changes associated with a genotype that has a host preference toward strawberry and will enable future comparative genomics studies. Having more complete assemblies allows for structural rearrangements to be more fully assessed and ensures a greater representation of all the genes. Work with Illumina data from additional isolates suggests that some genes are predominately present in isolates of the strawberry genotype, but additional work is needed to confirm the role of these genes in pathogenesis. Additional work is also needed to complete the scaffolding of smaller contigs identified in the strawberry genotype assembly and to determine if unique genes in the strawberry genotype play a role in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Assembly, annotation, and comparison of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from strawberry and other hosts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Kay Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin L. Childs ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Marina L. Ramon ◽  
Frank N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Additional Work

Abstract Background: Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungal plant pathogen with a broad host range, but one genotype was shown to exhibit host preference/specificity on strawberry. This pathogen lacked a high-quality genome assembly and annotation, and little was known about genomic differences among isolates from different hosts. Results: We used PacBio sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding to provide nearly complete genome assemblies for M. phaseolina isolates representing the strawberry-specific genotype and another genotype recovered from alfalfa. The strawberry isolate had 59 contigs/scaffolds with an N50 of 4.3 Mb. The isolate from alfalfa had an N50 of 5.0 Mb and 14 nuclear contigs with half including telomeres. Both genomes were annotated with MAKER using transcript evidence generated in this study with over 13,000 protein-coding genes predicted. Unique groups of genes for each isolate were identified when compared to closely related fungal species. Structural comparisons between the isolates reveal large-scale rearrangements including chromosomal inversions and translocations. To include isolates representing a range of pathogen genotypes, an additional 30 isolates were sequenced with Illumina, assembled, and compared to the strawberry genotype assembly. Within the limits of comparing Illumina and PacBio assemblies, no conserved structural rearrangements were identified among the isolates from the strawberry genotype compared to those from other hosts, but some candidate genes were identified that were largely present in isolates of the strawberry genotype and absent in other genotypes. Conclusions: High-quality reference genomes of M. phaseolina have allowed for the identification of structural changes associated with a genotype that has a host preference toward strawberry and will enable future comparative genomics studies. Having more complete assemblies allows for structural rearrangements to be more fully assessed and ensures a greater representation of all the genes. Work with Illumina data from additional isolates suggests that some genes are predominately present in isolates of the strawberry genotype, but additional work is needed to confirm the role of these genes in pathogenesis. Additional work is also needed to complete the scaffolding of smaller contigs identified in the strawberry genotype assembly and to determine if unique genes in the strawberry genotype play a role in pathogenicity.

Social Memory as Ritual Practice: Commemorating Spirits of the Military Dead at Yasukuni Shinto Shrine

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nelson
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

For architects of citizenship and nationhood, there is no shortage of conflicts and wars from which to build modern myths about submerging individual suffering and loss to greater causes. The grief, anger, and despair of individuals can be integrated over time into collectively shared assumptions about the indebtedness of the living to their heroic compatriots and ancestors. To remember these conflicts and those who (depending on the political context) either “lost” or “gave” their lives has been throughout recent history a vital act of citizenship, both “affirming the community at large and asserting its moral character” (Winter 1995, 85). Certainly from an American perspective, national identity remains “inexorably intertwined with the commemoration and memory of past wars” (Piehler 1995, 3). This observation applies even more intensely elsewhere in the world (e.g., Russia, China, France, Japan) where the loss of combatant and civilian life has been far greater.

scholarly journals Assembly, annotation, and comparison of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from strawberry and other hosts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Kay Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin L. Childs ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Marina L. Ramon ◽  
Frank N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Additional Work

Abstract Background: Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungal plant pathogen with a broad host range, but one genotype was shown to exhibit host preference/specificity on strawberry. This pathogen lacked a high-quality genome assembly and annotation, and little was known about genomic differences among isolates from different hosts. Results: We used PacBio sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding to provide nearly complete genome assemblies for M. phaseolina isolates representing the strawberry-specific genotype and another genotype recovered from alfalfa. The strawberry isolate had 59 contigs/scaffolds with an N50 of 4.3 Mb. The isolate from alfalfa had an N50 of 5.0 Mb and 14 nuclear contigs with half including telomeres. Both genomes were annotated with MAKER using transcript evidence generated in this study with over 13,000 protein-coding genes predicted. Unique groups of genes for each isolate were identified when compared to closely related fungal species. Structural comparisons between the isolates reveal large-scale rearrangements including chromosomal inversions and translocations. To include isolates representing a range of pathogen genotypes, an additional 30 isolates were sequenced with Illumina, assembled, and compared to the strawberry genotype assembly. Within the limits of comparing Illumina and PacBio assemblies, no conserved structural rearrangements were identified among the isolates from the strawberry genotype compared to those from other hosts, but some candidate genes were identified that were largely present in isolates of the strawberry genotype and absent in other genotypes. Conclusions: High-quality reference genomes of M. phaseolina have allowed for the identification of structural changes associated with a genotype that has a host preference toward strawberry and will enable future comparative genomics studies. Having more complete assemblies allows for structural rearrangements to be more fully assessed and ensures a greater representation of all the genes. Work with Illumina data from additional isolates suggests that some genes are predominately present in isolates of the strawberry genotype, but additional work is needed to confirm the role of these genes in pathogenesis. Additional work is also needed to complete the scaffolding of smaller contigs identified in the strawberry genotype assembly and to determine if unique genes in the strawberry genotype play a role in pathogenicity.

Genes, Environment, and Time: The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Kremen ◽  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Yat-Ming J. Leung ◽  
Michael D. Grant ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) is a large-scale investigation of cognitive aging from middle to later age. The intended sample of 1440 twin subjects is recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VETR), a registry of middle-aged male-male twin pairs who both served in the military during the Vietnam conflict (1965–1975). VETSA employs a multitrait multimethod approach to cognitive assessment to focus on the genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive processes over time, as well as the relative contributions to cognitive aging from health, social, personality, and other contextual factors. The cognitive domains of episodic memory, working memory, abstract reasoning, and inhibitory executive functioning are assessed through neuropsychological testing. In addition, VETSA obtains the participant's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test, taken at the time of induction into the military around age 20 years, and readministers the test. Two other projects — VETSA Cortisol and VETSA Magnetic Resonance Imaging — are also in progress using subsamples of the VETSA twins. Prior waves of data collection by VETSA investigators using the VETR have provided historical data on physical and mental health, while future waves of VETSA data collection are planned every 5 years. These methods will provide data on multiple pheno-types in the same individuals with regard to genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive functioning over time, personality and interpersonal risk and protective factors, stress and cortisol regulation, and structural brain correlates of aging processes.

Leave no one behind? Transitioning from the military to civilian life in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Andrew Cardow ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Imbeau ◽  
Bill Willie Apiata ◽  
Jenny Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Transition Experience ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Transition

Abstract Transition from the military environment into a civilian environment is a topic that has seen increasing attention within the last two decades. There is, in the literature, a clearly articulated issue that transition from the military to the civilian world is somewhat different to transitioning from school to work, or from career to career, or from work to retirement. Many, but not all, of the extant examples regarding military transition are case studies, focus groups or small-scale qualitative surveys. The following article details a large-scale survey that took place in New Zealand in 2019. From just over 1400 responses, a wide range of information was gathered. The aim of the survey was to uncover the experiences of military who had undergone transition within New Zealand. In this respect, the survey was exploratory. We report here the qualitative results that expand the existing body of knowledge of military transition. Our results are in line with international results and demonstrate that a large majority of respondents had a less than desirable transition experience. The contribution made therefore is a reinforcement that current practice in this area is needing a great deal of attention. The following outlines the experiences our New Zealand-based respondents had and how this mirrors the extant international literature. As this was the first survey of its kind to attract large numbers of respondents within New Zealand, the results and discussion that follow present aspects of transition that the Ministry of Defence and the New Zealand Defence Force may wish to consider when planning future transition programmes.

scholarly journals Assembly, annotation, and comparison of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from strawberry and other hosts

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa K. Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin L. Childs ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Marina L. Ramon ◽  
Frank N. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Additional Work

Abstract Background Macrophomina phaseolina is a fungal plant pathogen with a broad host range, but one genotype was shown to exhibit host preference/specificity on strawberry. This pathogen lacked a high-quality genome assembly and annotation, and little was known about genomic differences among isolates from different hosts. Results We used PacBio sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding to provide nearly complete genome assemblies for M. phaseolina isolates representing the strawberry-specific genotype and another genotype recovered from alfalfa. The strawberry isolate had 59 contigs/scaffolds with an N50 of 4.3 Mb. The isolate from alfalfa had an N50 of 5.0 Mb and 14 nuclear contigs with half including telomeres. Both genomes were annotated with MAKER using transcript evidence generated in this study with over 13,000 protein-coding genes predicted. Unique groups of genes for each isolate were identified when compared to closely related fungal species. Structural comparisons between the isolates reveal large-scale rearrangements including chromosomal inversions and translocations. To include isolates representing a range of pathogen genotypes, an additional 30 isolates were sequenced with Illumina, assembled, and compared to the strawberry genotype assembly. Within the limits of comparing Illumina and PacBio assemblies, no conserved structural rearrangements were identified among the isolates from the strawberry genotype compared to those from other hosts, but some candidate genes were identified that were largely present in isolates of the strawberry genotype and absent in other genotypes. Conclusions High-quality reference genomes of M. phaseolina have allowed for the identification of structural changes associated with a genotype that has a host preference toward strawberry and will enable future comparative genomics studies. Having more complete assemblies allows for structural rearrangements to be more fully assessed and ensures a greater representation of all the genes. Work with Illumina data from additional isolates suggests that some genes are predominately present in isolates of the strawberry genotype, but additional work is needed to confirm the role of these genes in pathogenesis. Additional work is also needed to complete the scaffolding of smaller contigs identified in the strawberry genotype assembly and to determine if unique genes in the strawberry genotype play a role in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Valencia: the territorial structures of the Roman city substratum.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Mas ◽  
Giancarlo Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The Military ◽  
Original Configuration ◽  
Over Time

Authors: Giancarlo Cataldi. Via dei Rustici 8, 50122 Firenze +39 055295380 Vicente Mas Llorens. Plaza de José María Orense 5 pta. 2. +34 629629226.   Keywords: Roman Valencia, substratum permanent structures, city planning, historical transformations   Text abstract: The shape of the territory and the urban settlement of numerous Valencian cities were strongly conditioned by the original imprinting of Roman planning, characterized –as it is known- by large scale infrastructures, by settlements of orthogonal axes and by the allocation of the plot division into square modular divisions called centuriae. All the later interventions took necessarily into account such structures, which underwent numerous transformations over time, especially from the second half of the twentieth century. Then innovations and developments in modern technology contributed –more than in any other period– to neglect and override the traces of the original configuration. Territorial and urban research into Roman structures in the Italian peninsula has allowed the recognition of a sufficiently large number of plans, thus allowing the development of a complete general research method to read analogous structures in different Romanized territories. The authors now propose to apply this method to the territory of the Valencian Community. The rectilinear outline of Via Augusta with its forking side paths, the orthogonal signs of the agrarian fabric, the military milestones and the administrative divisions suggest, also in this case, the possibility of retracing the original pattern. Its structure could contribute, among other things, to explain the logic of the expansions outside the walls of the historic centre of Valencia that might otherwise seem arbitrary and meaningless.  

scholarly journals Effects of precession versus instabilities on the jets of GRS 1758–258

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. A150
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Luque-Escamilla ◽  
Josep Martí ◽  
José Martínez-Aroza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Orbital Period ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Secondary Star ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Tidal Torques ◽  
Over Time

Aims. The prototypical microquasar GRS 1758–258 exhibits large-scale morphological changes in radio maps over time which have been attributed to the rise of instabilities. Here, we investigate whether these effects could be attributed to jet precession instead. Methods. We used new and archival radio maps to fit a kinematic jet precession model. The value of the parameters thus obtained were analysed in order to get constraints on the physical properties of the GRS 1758–258 system. Their consistency with different theories of the origins for the jet precession, such as Lense–Thirring effect and tidal torques induced by the secondary star, has previously been studied. Alternatively, we also assessed the possibility that observations are compatible with eventual jet instabilities. Results. The new radio data presented here confirm that the large-scale radio morphology of GRS 1758–258 is changing over time. Our study shows that the 18.48 day period could plausibly be ascribed to precession, thus implying a reinterpretation of assumptions made for the orbital period to date. However, the observed structural changes in radio jets cannot be easily attributed to jet precession according to our analysis. In contrast, the growth of instabilities certainly appears to be a more realistic explanation of these effects.

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