scholarly journals Depends Who's Asking: Interviewer Effects in Demographic and Health Surveys Abortion Data

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Tiziana Leone ◽  
Laura Sochas ◽  
Ernestina Coast
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Responses to survey questions about abortion are affected by a wide range of factors, including stigma, fear, and cultural norms. However, we know little about how interviewers might affect responses to survey questions on abortion. The aim of this study is to assess how interviewers affect the probability of women reporting abortions in nationally representative household surveys: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). We use cross-classified random intercepts at the level of the interviewer and the sampling cluster in a Bayesian framework to analyze the impact of interviewers on the probability of reporting abortions in 22 DHS conducted worldwide. Household surveys are the only available data we can use to study the determinants and pathways of abortion in detail and in a representative manner. Our analyses are motivated by improving our understanding of the reliability of these data. Results show an interviewer effect accounting for between 0.2% and 50% of the variance in the odds of a woman reporting ever having had an abortion, after women's demographic characteristics are controlled for. In contrast, sampling cluster effects are much lower in magnitude. Our findings suggest the need for additional effort in assessing the causes of abortion underreporting in household surveys, including interviewers' skills and characteristics. This study also has important implications for improving the collection of other sensitive demographic data (e.g., gender-based violence and sexual health). Data quality of responses to sensitive questions could be improved with more attention to interviewers—their recruitment, training, and characteristics. Future analyses will need to account for the role of interviewer to more fully understand possible data biases.

scholarly journals Knowledge and use of lactational amenorrhea as a family planning method among adolescent mothers in Uganda: a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys between 2006 and 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Birabwa ◽  
Pamela Bakkabulindi ◽  
Solomon T Wafula ◽  
Peter Waiswa ◽  
Lenka Benova
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Lactational Amenorrhea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and use of lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) among adolescents in Uganda between 2006 and 2016 using nationally representative data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Design: Cross-sectional design involving analysis of three DHS (2006, 2011, and 2016) in Uganda. Setting: The data was collected in Uganda. The DHS are nationally representative surveys on a wide range of indicators including contraception knowledge and use. Participants: A total of 8,250 adolescents (15-19 years) and 7,110 young women (20-24 years) were included. Primary outcome measure: Use of LAM among adolescents and young women with a livebirth within six months before each survey. Results: In 2016, less than 1% of eligible adolescents correctly used LAM and 56% were passively benefitting from LAM. The median duration of postpartum amenorrhea (PPA) among adolescents in 2016 was 6.9 months, declining from 8.3 months in 2006. Compared to adolescents, eligible young women had higher knowledge of LAM and higher medianPPA duration in 2016. The percentage of eligible adolescents who met the LAM criteria irrespective of whether they reported LAM use (protected by LAM) decreased from 76% in 2006 to 57% in 2016. More than 50% of eligible adolescents were aware of LAM in 2016, increasing from 6% in 2006, potentially in part due to change in survey question. Conclusion: Despite increasing awareness of LAM, reported and correct use of LAM was low among adolescents who could benefit from this method in Uganda, and declining over time. Support for adolescents to harness the benefits of correct LAM use should be increased. Additional research is needed to better understand the dynamics of LAM use in adolescents, including the transition to use of other modern contraceptive methods.

scholarly journals Contextual and Compositional Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity in India over Two Decades: An Analysis of National Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1607-1607
Author(s):  
Jeswin Baby ◽  
Jithin Sam Varghese ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
Shruthi Cyriac ◽  
Shivani Patel
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Identify contextual (state characteristics) and compositional (individual characteristics) drivers of changes in overweight in women from 1998–2016 across 26 states of India. Methods Nationally representative data on individual socio-demographics and objectively-measured anthropometry for non-pregnant and ever-married women 15–49y were obtained from the Indian National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-2, 1998–99, n = 61,979; NFHS-3, 2005–06, n = 66,694; and NFHS-4, 2015–16, n = 387,732). Individual-level data were merged with year-matched state-level nutritional and economic indicators obtained from multiple national databases. State indicators included per capita consumption of cereals, oils and sugar, per capita gross state domestic product (GDP), literacy rates, labour force participation rate, and population proportion engaged in sedentary employment. Cross-classified generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with random effects classified each woman by state and round of survey. Models examined overweight/obesity trends as well as estimated the adjusted odds ratios and 95% Bayesian credible intervals for overweight/obesity associated with contextual and individual factors. Results From 1998 to 2016, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased in all states of India. Higher household wealth (Quintile 5 vs 1: 4.18 [4.06–4.30]), education (post-secondary vs pre-school or less: 1.55 [1.51–1.60]), were associated with higher adjusted odds of overweight/obesity. State average sugar (g; 1.04 [1.03–1.05]) and oil (g; 1.04 [1.03–1.06]) intake, log (GDP per capita) (2.18 [2.14–2.21]) and literacy rates (1.01 [1.01–1.01]) were positively and independently associated with higher odds of overweight. The impact of state characteristics on prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased across rounds. Conclusions While the role of state economic and nutritional context as a driver of overweight has waned over time, contextual indicators remain salient correlates of an individual adult's likelihood of being overweight. Findings suggest that rising overweight in India must be understood and addressed from a socio-ecological lens that considers context alongside individual risks. Funding Sources None.

Using survey data: towards valid estimates of poverty in the South

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World

It is important to be cautious about making inferences from survey data. This chapter focuses on one very important but unexamined problem, that of the undercount of the poorest in the world. This arises both by design (excluding the homeless, those in institutions and nomadic populations) and in practice (those in fragile households, urban slums, insecure areas and servants/slaves in rich households). In developing countries, it is difficult to make inter-censal estimates because essential data like birth and death registration are not systematically collected. Donors have therefore promoted the use of international standardized household surveys. A possible alternative is Citizen surveys initiated by an Indian NGO (Pratham). Comparisons are made between citizen surveys and contemporaneous Demographic and Health Surveys in three East African countries

scholarly journals Four decades of measuring stillbirths and neonatal deaths in Demographic and Health Surveys: historical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Akuze ◽  
Simon Cousens ◽  
Joy E. Lawn ◽  
Peter Waiswa ◽  
Vladimir Sergeevich Gordeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Worldwide, an estimated 5.1 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually, 98% in low- and middle-income countries. Limited coverage of civil and vital registration systems necessitates reliance on women’s retrospective reporting in household surveys for data on these deaths. The predominant platform, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), has evolved over the last 35 years and differs by country, yet no previous study has described these differences and the effects of these changes on stillbirth and neonatal death measurement. Methods We undertook a review of DHS model questionnaires, protocols and methodological reports from DHS-I to DHS-VII, focusing on the collection of information on stillbirth and neonatal deaths describing differences in approaches, questionnaires and geographic reach up to December 9, 2019. We analysed the resultant data, applied previously used data quality criteria including ratios of stillbirth rate (SBR) to neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and early NMR (ENMR) to NMR, comparing by country, over time and by DHS module. Results DHS has conducted >320 surveys in 90 countries since 1984. Two types of maternity history have been used: full birth history (FBH) and full pregnancy history (FPH). A FBH collecting information only on live births has been included in all model questionnaires to date, with data on stillbirths collected through a reproductive calendar (DHS II-VI) or using additional questions on non-live births (DHS-VII). FPH collecting information on all pregnancies including live births, miscarriages, abortions and stillbirths has been used in 17 countries. We found no evidence of variation in stillbirth data quality assessed by SBR:NMR over time for FBH surveys with reproductive calendar, some variation for surveys with FBH in DHS-VII and most variation among the surveys conducted with a FPH. ENMR:NMR ratio increased over time, which may reflect changes in data quality or real epidemiological change. Conclusion DHS remains the major data source for pregnancy outcomes worldwide. Although the DHS model questionnaire has evolved over the last three and half decades, more robust evidence is required concerning optimal methods to obtain accurate data on stillbirths and neonatal deaths through household surveys and also to develop and test standardised data quality criteria.

scholarly journals Trends in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Socioeconomic and Household Environmental Factors among Women in Nepal: Findings from the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys

Obesities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Kritika Rana ◽  
Puspa Ghimire ◽  
Romila Chimoriya ◽  
Ritesh Chimoriya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to determine the associated socioeconomic and household environmental factors among women in Nepal. Using nationally representative data from the 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 cross-sectional Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs) (n = 33,507), the prevalence of overweight–obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among women aged 15–49 years were examined. From the latest NDHS 2016, non-pregnant women with recorded anthropometric measurements (n = 6165) were included in the final analyses. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the socioeconomic and household environmental factors associated with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI ≥ 30. Between 1996 and 2016, the prevalence of overweight–obesity increased from 1.8% to 19.7%, while the prevalence of obesity increased from 0.2% to 4.1%. Age, marital status, wealth index, province of residence, type of cooking fuel, and household possessions—refrigerator and bicycle were significantly associated with having overweight–obesity and obesity. Similarly, educational status, religion, type of toilet facility, and household possessions—television and mobile phone were significantly associated with having overweight–obesity. Given the alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Nepalese women, there is an urgent need for interventions addressing these critical socioeconomic and household environmental factors.

scholarly journals Psychological morbidity and return to work after injury: multicentre cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (661) ◽  
pp. e555-e564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kendrick ◽  
Paula Dhiman ◽  
Blerina Kellezi ◽  
Carol Coupland ◽  
Jessica Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe benefits of work for physical, psychological, and financial wellbeing are well documented. Return to work (RTW) after unintentional injury is often delayed, and psychological morbidity may contribute to this delay. The impact of psychological morbidity on RTW after a wide range of unintentional injuries in the UK has not been adequately quantified.AimTo quantify the role of psychological factors, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic distress, on RTW following unintentional injuries.Design and settingA longitudinal multicentre prospective study was undertaken in Nottingham, Bristol, Leicester, and Guildford, UK.MethodParticipants (n = 273) were 16–69-year-olds admitted to hospital following unintentional injury, who were in paid employment prior to injury. They were surveyed at baseline, then at 1, 2, 4, and 12 months following injury; demographic data were collected along with injury characteristics, psychological morbidity, and RTW status. Associations between demographic, injury and psychological factors, and RTW between 2 and 12 months after injury were quantified using random effects logistic regression.ResultsThe odds of RTW between 2 and 12 months after injury reduced as depression scores early in the recovery period (1 month after injury) increased (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 to 0.95) and as length of hospital stay increased (OR 0.91, 95% CI] = 0.86 to 0.96). For those experiencing threatening life events following injury (OR 0.27, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.72) and with higher scores on the Crisis Support Scale (OR 0.93, 95% CI] = 0.88 to 0.99), the odds of RTW between 2 and 12 months after injury were lower. Multiple imputation analysis found similar results, but those relating to crisis support did not remain statistically significant.ConclusionPrimary care professionals can identify patients at risk of delayed RTW who may benefit from management of psychological morbidity and support to RTW.

Evaluating the Demographic and Health Surveys Mode Switch From PAPI to CAPI: An Experiment From Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110095
Author(s):  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
Ahmet Sinan Türkyılmaz ◽  
James M. Lepkowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dhs Surveys ◽  
Nonsampling Errors

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have been carried out in over 90 countries since 1984, as interviewer administered household surveys conducted initially by paper and pencil interviews (PAPI). Computer assisted personal interviews (CAPI) were introduced in the 2004 Peru DHS, and since then numerous countries have also switched. However, DHS randomized mode comparisons have been limited. The 2018 Sixth Turkey DHS was conducted using CAPI but allocated one household from 21 in each of 754 clusters to PAPI. This analysis examines a wide range of potential differences between modes: interviewer attitudes toward modes; response rates, underreporting and misreporting of persons or events, number of selections to “check all that applies” questions, respondents' attitudes towards modes reflected by responses to sensitive questions, satisficing behavior such as age heaping, straight-line response patterns, and use of don’t know options; and some operational aspects of modes such as retrospective monthly contraceptive prevalence rates, presence of others during interview, and interview length. Findings show that, despite strong interviewer CAPI preference, CAPI and PAPI were on average almost identical in terms of responses. CAPI took 11 min less (total duration of 33 min). Analysis of retrospective monthly contraception use indicated potential underreporting by CAPI for past use, an issue highlighted before in DHS literature. Overall, the switch to computer technology in DHS surveys does not appear to change estimates or levels of nonsampling errors, although some differences with respect to PAPI mode may need DHS designer attention.

scholarly journals Effects of female political leaders and child socialisation on Gender-Based Violence in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Simister
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Gender Based

This paper studies the risk of domestic violence between husband & wife in India, and the acceptance or rejection of such violence.  It investigates how child socialisation influences a person’s attitudes and behaviour in adult life, via a maladaptive pathway.  Specifically, it tests the hypothesis that attitudes of men to domestic violence are influenced by whether or not a female politician took on a powerful political role, when they were about 5 years old.  Empirical evidence is reported, from ‘Demographic and Health Surveys’ in India.  Results indicate that election of a female Prime Minister or President does appear to affect boys; such effects can be detected at the time of interview, sometimes decades after the election of a female leader.  This paper does not test effects of childhood socialisation on girls.

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