scholarly journals From Internationalism to Nationalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Dwaipayan Banerjee

Abstract The steady rollout of Covid-19 vaccines comes attached with a series of difficult questions. Are vaccines a human right? Should patents be enforced in a way that puts people in the global South behind in a global queue? These questions are not new; the world struggled with these ethical dilemmas during the HIV-AIDS pandemic at the end of the twentieth century, when global South governments led by Nelson Mandela fought multinational pharmaceutical corporations for the right to essential life-saving drugs. Can the same strategies be mobilized to deal with inequalities in the distribution of the Covid-19 vaccine? This article demonstrates a technological and geopolitical shift in the last two decades that hinder global South solidarities actualized during the HIV-AIDS pandemic. Instead, Banerjee argues that in the present, multinational corporations and Euro-American governments are trying to reverse some of the key political visions and victories of HIV-AIDS internationalism, exploiting the urgency of the Covid-19 crisis to put in place a new vaccine apartheid.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (140) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Robert Franco

Abstract Since the beginnings of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, pedagogy has been a crucial survival strategy, especially when government agencies failed to prevent mass deaths. However, contemporary sex education on HIV/AIDS—if taught to undergraduates before they arrive on campus—often does not account for the disproportionate effects of the pandemic on racial minorities and global South countries. In this teaching essay, the author describes how his course on the history of HIV/AIDS takes a global approach to highlight that the AIDS crisis is not over. Starting with histories of HIV/AIDS in the United States, Haiti, China, and elsewhere that sought to find a scapegoat for the pandemic, the course then turns to the global power of the pharmaceutical industry. It examines the marketing and lobbying strategies of companies such as Gilead, which use the stigma of HIV/AIDS to transform impoverished global South countries into new markets for research and capital extraction. Finally, it also highlights how the AIDS crisis remains an ongoing struggle against racial disparities in health care that prevent access to life-saving treatments and preventative drugs such as Truvada and Descovy for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Using a range of materials from podcasts to pills, the author introduces students to the globalizing forces that take the bodies of the poor, women, and Black, Latinx, trans, and global South citizens as expendable in the fight against HIV/AIDS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Tinashe Madebwe ◽  
Emma Chitsove ◽  
Jimcall Pfumorodze

Environmental deterioration remains a concern in Botswana. Despite efforts being made to address this issue by the state, more needs to be done in this regard. This is particularly interesting in the light of reports that the country is looking to draft a new constitution. Against this backdrop, this article considers whether including environmental rights in Botswana’s constitution would advance environmental protection efforts. To this end, the article relies on experiences with rights drawn from different jurisdictions across the world, as well as commentary on these experiences, to build a tool for measuring the extent to which the turn to environmental rights holds value in a given jurisdiction. Using this tool, and drawing from experiences in looking to establish environmental rights in Botswana, the article measures the extent to which including the right in the constitution would hold value in advancing Botswana’s pursuit of environmental protection objectives.


Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
K. A. Ocheretyany

Introduction. The article deals with finding environmental patterns for the digital environment – at the moment, digital environments are more likely to bring a person closer to machine and technical requirements. The article poses a question (and a detailed answer is given) about how and under what conditions technology does not absorb a person, but gives her the opportunity to reveal her potential, turning it into existential capital.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on philosophical analytical research and precedents of the digital field, examples of research literature, methods of media philosophy, anarchic epistemology, and topological reflection are applied. In particular, the hypotheses of the digital space as simultaneously communicative and disciplinary (Habermas, Foucault) digital behaviorism by B. Fogg, the economics of forgiveness by D. Graeber, the anthropology of the game by R. Caillois, Internet animals by A. Pscher were analyzed: on their basis, the principles of digital ethology and ecology.Results and discussion. The task of converting interfaces into ecological and pharmacological environments is the task of organizing by means of interfaces of various types of agencies. They should be organized in such a way that the modes of energy consumption and operation are replaced by modes of energy saving and care. In this case, the interfaces of digital devices could be not a continuation of the technical bureaucracy, but the conditions for comprehending and collecting the experience of the world. The project for this reorganization of funds – from exploitation to pharmacology – was proposed in the article. The article shows that the interface of digital devices can be not only a tool (techne) or a form of vision and cognition of the world (episteme), but also an ecological life-saving environment (pharmacy) for this it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: 1) counter-standardization and counter-personalization of the interface – it must to collide not with oneself, but with another, in all the radicalism of one’s otherness; 2) the ability to move from meaning to presence, and focus not on the consumption of ideological texts as standardized scenarios, but on the creation of contexts of existential interaction; 3) rejection of the agonality of digital consumption (which leads to emotional burnout) in favor of recognizing the uniqueness and incommensurability of experience, and, accordingly, creating conditions for mutual recognition and mutual trust, which are the main capital of a modern person in an era of semantic impenetrability in digital, the growth of suspicion and cynicism.Conclusion. The interface turns from a disciplinary space into a field of care when it becomes possible by means of the interface to go beyond itself, when it grants the right to postponement, to inattention, to offline, when instead of a tool of intensifying life, it becomes a condition for its deeper living. To do this, one should turn from techniques of drawing attention in the interface to techniques of organizing and interpreting the experience of the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yufi Al Izhar

Human Rights are basically universal and their rights cannot be taken and revoked by anyone. This is interpreted no matter how bad a person's behavior, a person will still be considered as human as they should be, and will continue to have their rights as human beings, which means that their human rights are inherent and will always be permanently attached to him. Human Rights (HAM) are believed to be the right of life naturally possessed by every human being without exception and a special human thing such as class, group, or social level. Human Rights have basically been championed by humans in all parts of the world throughout the ages. The book written by Prof. Dr. Rahayu, which is very intended for both Faculty of Law students and non-Faculty of Law students, provides an answer to the doubts of the public regarding Human Rights that actually occur in Indonesia and internationally. She also explained the meanings of the struggle of each country that issued their public opinion in the interest of the International, this meant that something that happened in the international arena was certainly a collection of perceptions of settlement within a country. Therefore, Human Rights Law cannot be separated from the main supporting factors which are the material of the countries that make the agreement.


2018 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Grishma Soni ◽  
Prachi V. Motiyani

As we all know that food is the basic Human necessity, without which no one can survive. Making food available for all the people in the world is now days becoming a complex issue. The availability food is decreasing as a result of increase in population that will result in food insecurity or malnutrition. Indian constitution interprets the right to food as part of right to life, which is fundamental human right. Change in climate, the impact of globalization, Global Warming, Carbon dioxide emission from fuel etc. also affects the right to food of many people. This paper examines the situation prevailing in India and looks into the obligations and initiatives by the government of India to ensure Right to Food and make suggestions for addressing the issue and examines the possible way to make the scheme workable to achieve food security.


2021 ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee

The tide turned in public health due to the fight for AIDS treatment access around the world. While prevention, not treatment was the focus of most health interventions in the 20th century, based on this SPHC model, AIDS resulted in a reversal of the gains made in the child survival revolution. Entire communities collapsed under the weight of AIDS which struck down mothers, fathers, teachers, farmer, and health workers. This chapter focuses on the AIDS pandemic, beginning in the 1980s, and traces the global spread of this deadly disease. Importantly, the chapter covers the emergence of the movement of people living with AIDS both in accelerating the discovery of antiretroviral and as a movement that focused the right to health for all. It is the force of this movement that resulted in novel funding of global health.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-10
Author(s):  
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim

O direito à saúde é um direito fundamental. Várias iniciativas no âmbito da Assembleia Geral da ONU e no Conselho de Direitos Humanos reforçam esse pensamento. Neste particular, a criação da UNITAID, em 2006, foi uma forma de facilitar o acesso a medicamentos a populações mais pobres utilizando fontes inovadoras de financiamento. A instituição, hospedada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), busca melhores formas de prevenir, tratar e diagnosticar o HIV/AIDS, a tuberculose e a malária de forma mais rápida, eficaz e acessível, buscando conciliar a discussão de patentes com o direito inalienável à saúde. O artigo analisa o processo político e as negociações que levaram à Declaração de Doha sobre TRIPS e Saúde Pública, cuja importância é destacada, entre outros, pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável aprovado por todos os Chefes de Estado das Nações Unidas.ABSTRACTThe right to health is a fundamental, inalienable human right. A number of initiatives within the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council reinforce this concept. Established in 2006 and hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNITAID is engaged in finding new ways to prevent, treat and diagnose HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria more quickly, more cheaply and more effectively. It plays an important role in the global effort to defeat these lethal diseases, by facilitating and speeding up the availability of improved health tools and trying to reconcile patent protection with the right to health.  The article analyzes the political process and the negotiations which led up to the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, whose importance – among others – is highlighted on the Sustainable Development Objectives approved by all United Nations Heads of State.Palavras-chave: UNITAID, acesso a medicamentos, saúde global, TRIPS, Doha.Keywords: UNITAID, access to medicines, global health, TRIPS, Doha.DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.27034Recebido em 28 de dezembro de 2016 | Received on December 28, 2016.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Wina Puspita Sari ◽  
Casa Bilqis Savitri

The 16 Days Against Women Violence Campaign is a campaign to encourage liberation struggles against women throughout the world. As a national human right in Indonesia. This campaign has been carried out since 2003 and is routinely carried out every period with a 16-day campaign set in November. Problems in the 16-Day Campaign Against Violence Against Women, this campaign has been running for 15 years, but this is not directly proportional to the protected numbers against women has increased over the past three years. The main theory in this research is campaign theory using Nowak & Warneryd's campaign model. The method used is a descriptive qualitative research method that looks for facts with the right interpretation. Descriptive research on problems in society, views, and processes - ongoing parts and effects of phenomena. Komnas Perempuan is still too broad in setting its campaign targets, as well as a lot of messages to be conveyed. the extent of challenging the campaign audience makes KOMNAS Perempuan against barriers ranging from language and culture, there is a GAP about knowledge of challenges, to obstacles in choosing what campaign techniques to use. In the 16 Days Anti Violence against Women campaign, KOMNAS Perempuan chose to generalize the message to be conveyed, accepting their own challenges, which made the objectives of the 16 Days Anti Violence Against Women Campaign unsuccessful. Keywords:  Campaign, KOMNAS Perempuan, Violence


2013 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Saurav Ghimire

If one is born in the right part of the world and in right social class, the problem of being hungry has its solution in the nearest refrigerator. However, if the situation is reverse, one may go hungry throughout one’s short life, as 800million born in the wrong place and in wrong social class are doing as we discuss the concern. Peace cannot exist where the hunger prevails as the former signifies not merely the absence of armed conflict but the establishment of human rights for all people, and no human right is worth anything to a starving person. That is why the freedom from hunger is fundamental to live as human being and is a necessary part of right to life.


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