scholarly journals Where Is North?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Sora Kim
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Sense Of Direction ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Korean Empire ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We take the cardinal directions for granted, but they are social constructs. Directionality is relative to how we locate central points, and these choices reflect a sense of direction in a society. This article illustrates how the notion of “center” changed in Korean society by comparing land registers of the Korean Empire (1897–1910) and the Japanese colonial period (1910–45). The colonial government prioritized mapping with scale, contours, and cardinal directions. As a result, the entire country was mapped to conform to a procrustean order. By contrast, there had been no cadastral map for centuries prior. Instead, the location of each parcel was described in textual information with four cardinal points. The author argues that fundamental difference between the two notions of “center” lay in the consciousness of the relationship between the human and the natural. The difference was expressed through the contrast in their respective conformity and flexibility, standardization and diversity.

RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

Deepening a Sense of Being Taiwanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 366-390
Author(s):  
Shu-ling Yeh ◽  
Ying-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Taiwanese Identity ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Part

Abstract This paper examines how the Amis, the largest indigenous community in Taiwan, draw on their Catholic faith to understand what it means to be Taiwanese. For over a century, the Amis were treated as marginalised citizens by the Japanese colonial government and the Han-Chinese Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo. Their predicament changed when political priorities shifted from cultural assimilation to multiculturalism after 1987. Successive Taiwanese governments since then have actively sought to incorporate indigenous culture as a core part of Taiwanese identity. Focusing on how the Amis intertwined their adopted Catholic notions and practices with pre-Christian ideas, social structure, and rituals, this paper demonstrates the ways in which the Amis carve out a place for themselves in wider Taiwanese society. It adds to ongoing discussions about the relationship between conversion and cultural transformation in Oceania by arguing that Catholicism empowered the Amis to deepen their sense of belonging to the island republic and, for the first time, assert themselves fully as Taiwanese.

Pine Oil Kilns in Yeongnam Province on the Japanese colonial period

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-min Joo
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
The People ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Village

Since there are few relics excavated, research on pine oil kilns in Yeongnam Province has been mostly focused on figuring out the historical meaning of them relying on literatures with no precise analysis on the remains. Therefore, it has failed to give clear explanation about the fact that the firing room of pine oil kilns was rebuilt twice with different materials. Based on the awareness of the problem, this author conducted analysis on the relics of pine oil kilns that have been excavated so far. According to the analysis results, at first, the pine oil kiln was similar to the one producing oil made of pine resin collected. Furthermore, this author found the pine oil kiln first devised around 1938 and also two photos showing how the pine oil kiln was working. Along with that, this author suggests the valid possibility of colony Chosun’s traditional masters mobilized to apply their technique and operate the kilns in the background of the pine oil kilns completely equipped to the extent of performing their functions properly after several times of improvements made although they had exhibited many problems before. Next, this author analyzed the attributes related to the standardization of pine oil kilns and learned that building pine oil kilns was led by the colonial government systematically based on thorough planning as part of securing resources they needed. Also, to induce the people to participate in it voluntarily, at first, they encouraged it as a side job for farm families; however, in the end, the colonial government enforced the monopoly system for pine oil to control it. Accordingly, pine oil kilns were built mostly in the foot of a mountain near the village where there were many people residing. In fact, all the colonized people including children got mobilized systematically to collect the byproducts of pines.

The Ruralist Paradigm: Social Work Bureaucrats in Colonial Korea and Japan's Assimilationism in the Interwar Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004-1031
Author(s):  
Sayaka Chatani
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Work ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
Colonial Korea ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Colonial Government

AbstractHow did the Japanese Empire, while adamantly adhering to assimilationism, manage the politics of colonial difference in the interwar years? How should we situate the seemingly exceptional conduct of Japanese colonial rule from a comparative perspective? To examine these questions, this article analyzes the mindsets of mid-level colonial bureaucrats who specialized in social work. Social work became a major field of political contestation in the post-World War I period around the globe. Policies on social work tested colonial officials regarding their assumptions about state-society relationships and Japan's assimilationist goals. Their debates on social work reveal that by the end of the 1920s colonial officials in Korea had reached a tacit consensus to use a particular analytical lens and ideological goal that I call “ruralism.” In the ruralist paradigm, these officials viewed Korean society as consisting of “rural peasants” and understood Korean social problems as primarily “rural problems.” Ruralism was a product of many overlapping factors, including pressures to integrate colonial society into the imperial system, the empire-wide popularity of agrarian nationalism, global discourses that increasingly dichotomized the “rural” and the “industrial,” and the rivalry between the colonial government and the metropole. How social work officials re-conceptualized the colonial masses and attempted to engage with social problems under the rhetoric of assimilationism showed a similar dynamic to the “developmental colonialism” that prevailed in the French and British empires after World War II.

scholarly journals Taipei and Seoul’s Modern Urbanization under Japanese Colonial Rule: A Comparative Study from the Present-Day Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4772
Author(s):  
Yeonkyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
Group 2

Both Taipei and Seoul underwent a process of colonization and modern urbanization during the early part of the 20th century, under Japanese rule. In both countries, urban-planning projects from the colonial period have had a great impact on recent urban changes. This comparative analysis aims to identify the characteristics of modern cities with Japanese colonial histories, focusing on the following three aspects: (1) Urban structure based on spatial distribution by ethnic group; (2) Japanese colonial urban planning; and (3) modern boulevards that convey the power and spectacle of a colonial city. Taipei and Seoul have multi-cores because the Japanese and Taiwanese/Korean areas were not clearly separated spatially. Secondly, Japanese colonial urban planning was influenced by Japanese settlements and government facilities. Thirdly, the main boulevards in each city, created through modern urban planning, combine modern streetscapes with imperial spectacle. These boulevards took on an important political meaning after liberation. Comparative studies of Taipei and Seoul can illuminate the difference between modern cities with a Japanese colonial history and colonial cities under European rule. Such comparisons make it possible to analyze the meaning, value, and relevance of colonial remnants, including urban structure and artifacts, for each city’s sustainable future.

scholarly journals FROM THE PALACE PENDOPO TO THE PESANTREN ROOMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Aufannuha Ihsani
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the dynamics of the relation between the sentana (aristocrats) and kèaè (ulama) in Sumenep during the colonial period. The topic is chosen because almost all research put the aristocrats and the ulama in Madura as historically opposed parties. The main question of the article is that how the relationship started and how far it had manifested until the early days of the independence. Collecting data from babad, manuscript, official reports from the colonial government and some informants who are the descendants of the aristocrats, this research applies a social-cultural approach to explain why their close relation with the kèaè have allowed the aristocrats to maintain their dignity in society. The result shows that the close relation between sentana and kèaè originated from the figure of Bindara Saod. Although it had been tenuous because the palace customs have made the aristocrats exclusive, the relationship between sentana and kèaè did not really break. A marriage between the Sultan Abdurrahman’s granddaughter and a kèaè in the mid-19th century tightened the relationship, descending a generation of ulama with royal blood and manifested in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in which the palace customs have been kept alive and survived until postcolonial era. [Artikel ini membicarakan dinamika hubungan yang terjalin antara kalangan sentana (bangsawan) dan kèaè (kiai) di Sumenep selama masa kolonial. Topik ini dipilih sebab hampir semua penelitian menempatkan bangsawan dan kiai di Madura sebagai pihak yang bertentangan secara historis. Pertanyaan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana hubungan itu bermula dan sejauh mana ia terejawantahkan hingga masa-masa awal kemerdekaan. Mengambil data dari babad, manuskrip, laporan-laporan resmi pemerintah kolonial, dan para informan yang merupakan keturunan kaum ningrat, penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-kultural untuk menjelaskan mengapa kedekatan dengan kèaè membuat para bangsawan dapat menjaga muruah mereka di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedekatan antara kèaè dan sentana bermula dari sosok Bindara Saod. Kendati sempat merenggang sebab adat keraton mengeksklusifkan kalangan ningrat, jalinan sentana dan kèaè tidak benar-benar putus. Sebuah pernikahan antara cucu Sultan Abdurrahman dan seorang kèaè pada pertengahan abad ke-19 M. mempererat kembali hubungan itu, menurunkan generasi para kiai berdarah biru, dan mewujud dalam sebuah pesantren di mana adat dan budaya keraton tetap hidup dan bertahan hingga era pascakolonial]

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

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