scholarly journals Justus von Liebig Makes the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Greta Marchesi

Abstract Just as capitalism’s exchange of commodities between disparate locations requires a singular referent of value, so does the movement of ideas and practices necessitate consolidations of meaning through complex fields of people, landscapes, and things. Introducing key innovations in agricultural and chemical science, Justus von Liebig’s chemical model of soil fertility involved a profound reenvisioning of organic development, distilling complex processes to a series of chemical relationships easily recognized in any geographic context. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s (1984) arguments about the production of abstract space, this article argues that Liebig’s assessment of nutrient extraction was essential to a broader midcentury reconsideration and reorganization of capitalist agricultural production, an example of what world ecologist Jason Moore calls an “organizational revolution,” allowing global capitalism to overcome past limits and thus move through systemic crises.

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Molinero Gerbeau ◽  
Gennaro Avallone

Abstract Through the perspective of world-ecology, one of the most recent approaches in international relations, we aim to analyse global capitalism as an ecological project based on the appropriation of human and extra-human nature oriented to support capital accumulation process. Agriculture and its labour force occupy a central role in maintaining the world-system in which global chains, international migrations and centre-periphery relationships interact. This paper shows how global processes occur at this intersection. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the analysis of the current world-system through this innovative approach, developed mainly by Jason W. Moore, and then show how the world-system’s structure and its crisis have articulated a highlyinternationalized production model whose most significant effect has been the generation of large migrations of cheap labour across the planet. It is also proposed to descend to the local context to highlight examples because the organization of work at this territorial scale is representative of global agricultural production.


2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.


1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-273
Author(s):  
Constance Lever-Tracy ◽  
David Ip

This article explores two new and related phenomena of the late twentieth century that will surely play a major role in shaping the world of the twenty-first: the economic development and opening up of China, and the emergence onto the world economic stage of diaspora Chinese businesses, producing a significant, identifiably Chinese current within global capitalism. Each of these has, we believe, been crucial and perhaps indispensable to the other.


Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada

The main purpose of the article was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production in the world and the changes occurring in this aspect. The article presents the concentration level of agricultural production in the world by continent. The source of materials was data from FAOSTAT. The research period covered the years 2004 - 2016. In the analyzed period, the value of gross agricultural production doubled. Various trends were observed within the period studied. In the years 2004-2010, in all regions of the world, there was an increase in gross production of agriculture, while in the period 2010-2016 only in two – North America and Asia. It was noted that there was a high concentration of agricultural production, mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the analyzed period, there was a relative increase in the share of agricultural production in Asia and South America as compared to other regions. Individual groups of agricultural products, such as cereals and animal production, were also analyzed. In both cases, concentration was different. The pace of concentration in animal production was higher than in plant production.


2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1923
Author(s):  
David V. Carrera-Villacrés ◽  
Iveth Carolina Robalino ◽  
Fabian F. Rodríguez ◽  
Washington R. Sandoval ◽  
Deysi L. Hidalgo ◽  
...  

Abstract. Fog catchers have been successfully applied in several countries around the world. In Ecuador, the Galte communities in the Andean region suffer from water deficits because they are located at an altitude higher than 3500 m above sea level. Rainfall in the area is relatively low, about 600 mm per year, with high evapotranspiration of approximately 615.74 mm per year. This study aimed to install fog catchers in Galte in 2014 and 2015 to help meet the communities’ water needs. The fog catcher system was designed to satisfy the irrigation water demand for local agricultural production, mainly maize, based on estimates using the Blaney-Criddle method. Every day throughout the year, each fog catcher collected 5 to 20 L of water per m2 of catcher area. The results indicate that the fog catcher system can meet about 5% of the local water demand for agricultural production. Keywords: Ecuador, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Precipitation, Water deficit.


1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine LeGrand

Exporters of raw materials under Iberian rule, the nations of Latin America continued to perform a similar role in the world economy after Independence. In the nineteenth century, however, a significant shift occurred in the kind of materials exported. Whereas in colonial times the great wealth of Latin America lay in her mineral resources, particularly silver and gold, aster 1850 agricultural production for foreign markets took on larger importance. The export of foodstuffs was not a new phenomenon, but in the nineteenth century the growth in consumer demand in the industrializing nations and the developing revolution in. transport much enhanced the incentives for Latin Americans who would produce coffee, wheat, cattle, or bananas for overseas markets.


2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Анна Борисовна Лепешкина

Представлен авторский взгляд на подготовку квалифицированных специалистов для сельскохозяйственного производства. Рассмотрена экономико-управленческая подготовка квалифицированных специалистов для сельскохозяйственного производства с учетом стандарта World Skills Russia по направлению подготовки «Механизация сельского хозяйства» на примере среднего профессионального образования. Описывается авторская модель подготовки квалифицированных специалистов по специальности «Механизация сельского хозяйства». Приводится спецификация стандарта World Skills по компетенции «Эксплуатация сельскохозяйственных машин». Описывается внедрение данной спецификации в образовательный процесс ОГБПОУ «Томский аграрный колледж». Рассматривается процесс организации учебных занятий. Связь преподавания с жизнью, сельскохозяйственным производством – это не только использование материалов об историческом пути сельскохозяйственной науки и практики, но и рассмотрение актуального вопроса как необходимость знания экономики, организации и планирования сельскохозяйственного производства. Задача преподавателя заключается в том, чтобы применять экономические знания на практике, например при изучении сельскохозяйственной техники, то есть машин и механизмов, уметь определять эффективность применения машин, удобрений, ядохимикатов и т. д. Таким образом, в деле профессиональной подготовки обучающихся важно, чтобы в содержание занятий включался конкретный материал, направленный на развитие у обучающихся интереса к избранной специальности. The article presents the author’s view on the training of qualified specialists for agricultural production. The economic and managerial training of qualified specialists for agricultural production is considered taking into account the World Skills Russia standard in the field of training “Agricultural mechanization” using the example of secondary vocational education. The author describes the model of training qualified specialists in the specialization «Agricultural Mechanization». The specification of the World Skills standard on the competence “Operation of agricultural machines” is given. The introduction of this specification in the educational process of OGBPOU «Tomsk Agrarian College» is described. The process of organizing training sessions is considered. The connection of teaching with life, with agricultural production is not only the use of materials about the historical path of agricultural science and practice, but the consideration of an urgent issue as the need for knowledge of the economy, organization and planning of agricultural production. The teacher’s task is to apply economic knowledge in practice, for example, in the study of agricultural machinery, that is, machines and mechanisms, to be able to determine the effectiveness of the use of machines, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Thus, in the matter of training students, it is important that the content of classes include specific material aimed at developing students’ interest in their chosen specialty.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani ◽  
Richa Kothari

Agricultural nanotechnology has emerged in the late 1990s and is developed and applied all over the world. However, this technology has not developed so fast in different sectors of agriculture. This has not even found its market to the expected scale but has the potential to improve agricultural production. This agro nanotechnology can be utilized for developing healthy seeds that can improve plant germination, growth, yield, and quality. This technology has the potential to increase the storage period for vegetables and fruits. Organic pesticides and fertilizers can be developed by the proper use of agro nano technology. It has found it’s use in genetic engineering and plant breeding. However, the application of nanotechnology provides numerous advantages related to food safety and quality, at the same time it may present a potential risk not only to human health, but can affect animals and the environment as well as nanoparticles may have toxicological effects on biological systems.


Author(s):  
M. V. Kharkevich

The article is devoted to the analysis of the so called impossibility theorem, according to which democracy, state sovereignty and globalization are mutually exclusive and cannot function to the full extent when present simultaneously. This theorem, elaborated in 2011 by Dani Rodrik, a famous economist from Harvard University, poses a fundamental problem about the prospects of the global scalability of political institutions of the nation-state. Is it in principle possible to globalize executive, legislative and judicial branches of power, civil society, and democracy, or is it necessary to limit globalization in order to preserve democracy and nation-state? Rodrik’s conclusions, in essence, make one give up hopes to create global democratic order against the background of global capitalism. On the basis of the Stanford School of Sociological Institutionalism and the reconstruction of the historical materialism by Jürgen Habermas, the author refutes Rodrik’s theorem. The author’s analysis shows that not only is it possible to build democratic order at the global level, but also that it already exists in the form of the world culture that includes such norms as electoral democracy, nation-state, civil society and other institutions of Modernity. The world culture reproduces fundamental social values, playing the role of social integration for the humanity, while global capitalism provides for its material reproduction, playing the role of system integration. However, since globalization is a more dynamic process than the development of the world culture, between material and ideational universalism arises a gap, which in its turn is fraught with various kinds of political and economic crises.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Vasily Nechaev ◽  
Alex Gaponenko

Abstract Authors of the analytical report «World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050» made conclusion that growing global demand for food cannot be satisfied if the agricultural production in the world does not increase by 60% for the next 40 years (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). This could be achieved only by increase the plants productivity, not at the expense of expansion farms land, because to 2050 area of world lands will grow on 5%. World population growth and reduction of the world area planted with wheat has alerted governments of G20, which adopted “The International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement”. Wheat biotechnology rapidly evolves throughout the world. In 2009 three major wheat exporting countries have signed the declaration to speed up the commercialization of GM-wheat. In this article we evaluated the genetic engineering achievements, and their usage for increasing profitability of wheat.


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