scholarly journals Producing Cheap Food and Labour: Migrations and Agriculture in the Capitalistic World-Ecology

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Molinero Gerbeau ◽  
Gennaro Avallone
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
World System ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The World

Abstract Through the perspective of world-ecology, one of the most recent approaches in international relations, we aim to analyse global capitalism as an ecological project based on the appropriation of human and extra-human nature oriented to support capital accumulation process. Agriculture and its labour force occupy a central role in maintaining the world-system in which global chains, international migrations and centre-periphery relationships interact. This paper shows how global processes occur at this intersection. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the analysis of the current world-system through this innovative approach, developed mainly by Jason W. Moore, and then show how the world-system’s structure and its crisis have articulated a highlyinternationalized production model whose most significant effect has been the generation of large migrations of cheap labour across the planet. It is also proposed to descend to the local context to highlight examples because the organization of work at this territorial scale is representative of global agricultural production.

scholarly journals 60 jahre NATO

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (153) ◽  
pp. 635-645
Author(s):  
Tobias Ten Brink
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
World Order ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Western Power ◽  
The World

The NATO Alliance is being adapted to a new international situation which is quite the opposite of any harmonious "global village" or "democratic peace". The member states, the most powerful agents within the competitive machinery of global capitalism, are propelling an arms race and a spiral of violence. The Western power elites all agree to use hard power in order to secure the world order and the conditions for an efficient capital accumulation but are at the same time at loggerheads with each other in respect to the hierarchy in the creation of this order. The new US administration will presumably contribute nothing to any serious detente in international relations.

scholarly journals The Role of Kuzbass in the New Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of Russia in the Fourth System Cycle of Capitalist Accumulation: the World-System Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 04032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Osokina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World System ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The aim of the research is to develop the conceptual foundations of the strategy of socio-economic development for mining region (on the example of Kuzbass) under the conditions of the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation. The relevance of the issue is determined by the need to eliminate the growing lag of Russia behind the world economy leaders, which is impossible without a new vision of the role of resourceproducing regions in the national economic system. Integration of Russia into the capitalist world-system on the basis of the Washington Consensus has formed in it a raw-materials export model in which its natural resources serve the accelerated economic growth of the competing countries. The accumulation of individual capitals dominates the social capital accumulation, which leads to a reduction in Russia's share in world GDP and population. This article presents the conceptual foundations of the Kuzbass development strategy in accordance with the new conditions for the Russian economy performance in the fourth systemic cycle of capitalist accumulation.

scholarly journals Empire, imperialism and the Bush doctrine

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cox
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World System ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
International History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bush Doctrine ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Survival

It is an empire without a consciousness of itself as such, constantly shocked that its good intentions arouse resentment abroad. But that does not make it any the less of an empire, with a conviction that it alone, in Herman Melville's words, bears ‘the ark of liberties of the world.If all history according to Marx has been the history of class struggle, then all international history, it could just as well be argued, has been the struggle between different kinds of Empire vying for hegemony in a world where the only measure was success and the only means of achieving this was through war. Indeed, so obvious is this fact to historians – but so fixated has the profession of International Relations been with the Westphalian settlement – that it too readily forgets that imperial conquest, rather than mere state survival, has been the principle dynamic shaping the contours of the world system from the sixteenth century onwards. Empires, however, were not just mere agents existing in static structures. They were living entities that thought, planned, and then tried to draw the appropriate lessons from the study of what had happened to others in the past.

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS AS A RESULT OF THE GLOBALISATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Marián Mesároš ◽  
Josef Reitšpís
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Capital ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The globalisation of the world economy is a driving force of the development of the individual countries in the world. Mineral resources in some countries are very important for the development of such countries, however they also attract world economies that offer new technologies and new possibilities in the development of the infrastructure. The technological progress of less developed countries also brings undesirable accompanying phenomena, namely the dependence on spare parts, the inability of such countries to carry out an independent research development, and an inconspicuous lifestyle change of the population. Cheap labour force lures foreign capital and later, as a result of the change of political regimes, begins to have enhanced demands, including various trade union demands. This is the moment when the particular government starts being influenced, the population is dissatisfied and the dissatisfaction results in social riots. However, the foreign capital has meanwhile achieved its business interests and that is why it leaves the particular country. Subsequently, this results in internal problems and many times in migrations of the dissatisfied population. Research tools used to write this article was analysis, analysis, synthesis of available information, reports, scientific articles on the subject and subsequent deduction to identify conclusions. Following the latest findings, it takes at least ten years for migrants to start accepting laws and habitual practice of a particular foreign country. The same holds true for migrants from South America who decide to leave their home country to live in the USA. That is why the assimilation problem has to be solved very carefully and, if it is possible, to solve the problems of potential migrants on the territory of their home country.

The Challenge of Global Capitalism: The World Economy in the 21st Century. By Robert Gilpin, with the assistance of Jean Millis Gilpin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 373p. $29.95.

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-258
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ostry
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
The World ◽  
World Econ

The word globalization first appeared in the second half of the 1980s and now has become the most ubiquitous in the language of international relations. It has spawned a new vocabulary: globaloney (Why all the hype when the global economy was more integrated in the age of Queen Victo- ria?): globaphobia (the new, mainly mistaken, backlash); globeratti (the members of the international nongovernmen- tal organizations [INGOs] who travel around the world from conference to conference, except when they are on the Internet mobilizing for the next conference), and so on. For Robert Gilpin, among the world's most eminent scholars of international relations, globalization is insightfully defined as the deepening and widening integration of the world econ- omy by trade, financial flows, investment, and technology.

scholarly journals Reforma Trabalhista: uma das muitas formas de expressão da nova razão de mundo

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Paula Freitas de Almeida ◽  
Reginaldo Euzébio Cruz ◽  
Renato Lima dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labor Reform ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelo Económico

RESUMO:O objetivo desse texto é demonstrar que a reforma trabalhista ocorrida no Brasil por meio das leis 13.429 e 13.467, de 2017 promove a desregulação das relações de trabalho e coloca em seu lugar um conjunto normativo de tutela do processo de acúmulo de capital. Ao fazer isso, o país concretiza na sua dimensão juslaboral a “nova razão de mundo”, numa compreensão de que não se trata apenas de um novo modelo econômico ou de produção, mas sim de um novo modo de vida em sociedade. Buscar-se-á demonstrar a presença desse processo por meio da análise de três aspectos que dialogam na conformação entre dinâmica do mundo do trabalho e a regulação que sobre ela recaí, a saber i) qual o contorno institucional que vem se conformando em torno da uberização, ii) a assumpção da figura do trabalhador hipersuficiente para atacar a sua forma de organização coletiva e, por fim, iii) a introdução do critério econômico como meio de acesso à justiça do trabalho.ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to show that the labor reform that took place inBrazil through laws 13.429 and 13.467 in 2017 promoted the deregulation oflabor’s relations and substituted the previous regulation with a normative set toprotect the process of capital accumulation. In so doing, the country realizes in its juslaboral dimension the “new way of the world” through a mindset that it is not just a new economic or production model, but a new way of life in society. It seeks to demonstrate the presence of this process by analyzing three aspects that dialogue in the conformation between the dynamics of the world of work and the regulation that falls on it, namely: i) what is the institutional outline being formed through the “uberrization” process, ii) the assumption of the figure of the self-sufficient worker up against their collective organization and, finally, iii) the introduction of the economic criterion as a means of access to labor justice.

scholarly journals Des contradictions dans la perception du système mondial

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697
Author(s):  
Bahgat Korany
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
World System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrated Or

Emphasizing divergences in the perception of the main characteristics of the world System, this paper concentrates on five main issues: 1) whether the System is getting more integrated or more disintegrated; 2) whether ideology is coming to an end or coming back ; 3) whether the System is multipolar or bipolar ; 4) what are the bases of different poles ; and 5) what help social theory can offer to find the "right" answer. Quantitative data are presented to support the different contentions. The paper's thesis is that even the available data are interpreted differently by different researchers, and this shows the primacy of epistemology, the researchers' basic premises, and the importance of relating the analysis of international relations to issues in philosophy of science.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF WORLD ORDER IN WESTERN IR STUDIES

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
M. V. Soljanova
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World System ◽  
State Level ◽  
World Order ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Cold War

The article "Problem of world order in modern Western studies" is the study of one of the most debated issues in the science of international relations - world order. Discussion of the structure of world order is underway in various countries, both at the state level and in the expert community. Some researchers insist on the fact that after the end of the cold war, the collapse of the bipolar model of international relations, the world has become unipolar. Others argue that the increase in the number of centers of power and the need for a multilateral approach to solving global problems (terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, environmental and climate issues) talking about the formation of multipolarity. However, it should be recognized that currently no widely accepted theoretical and conceptual apparatus, which complicates not only the study of the world order, but makes it impossible to search for common approaches of the international community in solving the problems associated with global development, new challenges and threats. The author of this article seeks to research and analyze the various theoretical paradigms (neo-realism, neo-liberalism, institutionalism, neo-marxism, etc.) and concepts to form a coherent picture of the structure of the world system, its main features and to offer readers the vision of the concept of "world order". Thus, the article notes that the multidimensional structure of the modern system of international relations established after the end of the cold war is so complex that none of the concepts can claim to accurate interpretation of the world order. The modern system differs from systems of the past centuries. Characteristics inherent in it (on the one hand, the increasing global processes in economy, politics, culture, etc., on the other, the attraction to return to the concept of "nation state", the closure of borders, the disintegration), require new approaches to the study of world order, factors of its formation and its components. The world system is dynamic and none of the previously existing concepts of world order are not able to accurately describe the processes occurring in the world today. For example, a bipolar model is formed based on the principle of "balance of power", a unipolar system exists on the basis of the dictates of the powers, and a multipolar - subject to the availability of the political equilibrium. It becomes obvious that the constantly changing conditions in the global arena require a whole new approach to the formation of a genuine world order. While each country will be guided by their own ideas of the world development plan focused on their interests, often in conflict with the global balance of power, to speak of a stable, efficient, safe development is impossible.

Two Paths of Agrarian Capitalism, or a Critique of Chayanovian Marxism

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
World System ◽  
The State ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The World ◽  
Immanuel Wallerstein

In the ideology of “dependency” and the “world system” the preservation of a comprador bourgeoisie highly dependent on its control of the state apparatus perpetuates the condition of underdevelopment to the benefit not only of that class but also of the world capitalist system, and obviously to the detriment of the remainder of the population of poor countries (Wallerstein 1984). According to these theories, the condition of dependency is sustained also by the perpetuation of petty-commodity production and other precapitalist relationships. In his enumeration of the implications of accumulation in “socially and sectorally disarticulated economies” (that is, third world countries), Alain de Janvry, who places himself, with some reservations, in the world-system school, states that “subsistence agriculture becomes the ultimate embodiment of the contradictions of accumulation in the disarticulated economies; … the peasant household constitutes an articulated-dominated purveyor of cheap labour and cheap food [even though] subsistence agriculture slowly disintegrates under this domination as it performs its essential structural function under disarticulated accumulation” (1981:39). For Immanuel Wallerstein, the state-class relationship and the persistence of pettycommodity production are both features of the “peripheral condition” and explain why it is so difficult (though not absolutely impossible) in his schema for countries to graduate from his periphery and semiperiphery to the core of advanced economies. The argument runs as follows: in its expansion across the globe the capitalist world economy creates social structures and state structures that fit the needs of the core economies by establishing a ruling class in control of the state and holding monopoly power within the national economy.

The study of appeasement: methodological crossroads or meeting-place?

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
World System ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Global System ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The study of modern international relations is carried on, essentially, by two main types of scholars: diplomatic historians, and political scientists. There may be other types, like economists and sociologists, who recognize and take account of the importance of international politics in their own fields of study; but foreign affairs, and the processes that take place within the global system of relations, are not of central concern to them. By contrast, diplomatic historians (by which is meant here, not merely those who research into the rather narrow past actions of diplomats alone, but also those interested in the history of foreign policy and_what has affected it) would simply not exist if there was no perception and acceptance of international relations as a field of study; and this would be equally true of that well-defined sub-division of political science which has as its essential concern the analysis of relations between nation-states and of other ‘actors’ in the world system.

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